Characteristics of food plants consumed by Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) in fragmented habitat
Received date: 2022-01-19
Accepted date: 2022-07-05
Online published: 2022-12-02
Quantity, availability, and diameter structure of feeding plant species of Hainan gibbons (Nomascus hainanus) were investigated in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park of Bawangling Bureau from January 2013 to July 2014. Sixty-four food species with 1 484 plant samples of tree diameter at breast height ≥ 5 cm were recorded in the habitat of Group C of Hainan gibbon. The gibbons highly preferred large and tall trees to feed on. Fifteen tagged plant species have a fructiferous rate of more than 50.0%. The maximum is 76.7% by Monoon laui and the minimum is 9.6% by Heptapleurum heptaphyllum. Among 18 main food plants, 15 speciesshowed a growing structure and only Pouteria annamensis showed the recession structure. Food plants consisted of young individuals and only 37 species (71.2%) can fruit every year for the gibbons. Fruit rate of feeding tree species was not affected by altitude and was significantly associated with tree height and diameter at breast height. Hainan gibbons ate tender leaves (15.6%) when fruits were scarce in the dry season. High fluctuations in fruit availability yearly might limit the population growth of Hainan gibbons in a long run.
Huaiqing DENG , Baoping REN , Yun LIU , Jiang ZHOU . Characteristics of food plants consumed by Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) in fragmented habitat[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2022 , 42(6) : 615 -623 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150658
| null | Burkey T V. 1995. Extinction rates in archipelagoes: implication for populations in fragmented habitats. Conservation Biology, 9 (3): 527-541. |
| null | Cassini M H. 1994. Behavioral mechanisms of selection of diet and their ecological implication in Herbivorous. Journal of Mammalogy, 75 (3): 733-740. |
| null | Deng H Q, Zhang M X, Zhou J. 2017. Recovery of the critically endangered Hainan gibbon Nomascus hainanus . Oryx, 51 (1): 161-165. |
| null | Deng H Q, Zhou J. 2015. The research status of Hainan gibbon. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 34 (4): 635-640.(in Chinese) |
| null | Deng H Q, Zhou J. 2018. Diet composition of Hainan gibbons (Nomascus hainanus) based on 13 years of observation. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 14 (2): 213-219. |
| null | Ding W, Yang S J, Liu Z H. 2003. The influence of the fragmentation of habitat upon the number of population of Rhinopithecus bieti . Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 22 (14): 338-344. (in Chinese) |
| null | Estrada A, Anzuresd A, Coates?estrada R. 1999. Tropical rain forest fragmentation, Howler monkey (Alouatta palliate), and dung beetles at Los tuxtlas, Mexico. American Journal of Primatology, 48 (4): 253-262. |
| null | Fan K X, Xu Y, Liu P C, Zang R G. 2021. Recovery of logged tropical montane rainforests as potential habitats for Hainan gibbon. Forests, 12 (6): 711. |
| null | Feilen K L, Marshall A J. 2014. Sleeping site selection by proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) in west Kalimantan, Indonesia. American Journal of Primatology, 76 (12): 1127-1139. |
| null | Groves C P. 2001. Primate Taxonomy. Washington D C: Smithsonian Institution Press. |
| null | Guo Y Q, Chang J, Han L, Liu T, Li G, Garber P A, Xiao N, Zhou J. 2020. The genetic status of the critically endangered Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus): a species moving toward extinction. Frontiers in Genetics, 11: 608633. |
| null | Harrison M E, Marshall A J. 2011. Strategies for the use of fallback foods in apes. International Journal of Primatology, 32 (3): 531-565. |
| null | Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1976-1987. Iconographia Cormphytorum Sinicorum. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese) |
| null | Lawler I R, Stapley J, Foley W J, Eschler B M. 1999. Ecological example of conditioned flavor aversion in plant-herbivore interactions: effeets of terpenes of Eucalyptus leaves on feeding by common ringtail and brushtail possums. Chemistry and Ecology, 25 (2): 401-415. |
| null | Li B G, Chen C, Ji W H. 2000. Seasonal home range changes of the Sichuan snub?nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the Qingling Mountains of China. Follia Primatol, 71 (6): 375-386. |
| null | Liu Z H, Yu S M, Yuan X C. 1984. Resources of the Hainan Black gibbon and its present situation. Wildlife, 6 (6): 1-4.(in Chinese) |
| null | Liu Z H, Zhang Y Z, Jiang H S, Southwick C. 1989. Population structure of Hylobates concolor in Bawanglin Nature Reserve, Hainan, China. American Journal of Primatology, 19 (4): 247-254. |
| null | Liu Z H, Tan C F. 1990. An analysis on habitat structure of the Hainan gibbon. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 10 (3): 163-169. (in Chinese) |
| null | Long W X, Zang R G, Ding Y. 2011. Community characteristics of tropical montane evergreen forest and tropical montane dwarf forest in Bawangling National Nature Reserve on Hainan Island, South China. Biodiversity Science, 19 (5): 558-566. (in Chinese) |
| null | Marshall A J. 2004. Population ecology of gibbons and leaf monkeys across a gradient of Bornean forest types. Ph D Thesis. Harvard University. |
| null | Mittermeier R A, Rylands A B, Wilson D E, eds. 2013. Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol.3. Primates. Lynx: Edicions, Barcelona, 788. |
| null | Ni Q Y, Jiang X L, Wang X W, Liang Z L, Xie M. 2015. Floristic characteristics in an isolated habitat of western crested gibbon and implications for adaption in habitat use and diet in southern Yunnan, China. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 35 (2): 119-129.(in Chinese) |
| null | Tang W L, Bi Y, Jin K. 2021. Composition of foraging plants of Hainan gibbon in Hainan rainforest national park, China. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 42 (3): 675-685.(in Chinese) |
| null | Tang W L, Jin K. 2021. Preliminary study on night lodging habitat selection of Nomascus hainanus in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, Southern China. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 43 (2): 113-126.(in Chinese) |
| null | Teichroeb J A, Holmes T D, Sicotte P. 2012. Use of sleeping trees by rsine colobus monkeys (Colobus vellerosus) demonstrates the importance of nearby food. Primates, 53 (3): 287-296. |
| null | Yu S X, Zang R G, Jiang Y X. 2001. Spatial analysis of species diversity in the tropical vegetations along the vertical belt at Bawangling Nature Reserve, Hainan Island. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 21 (9): 1438-1443. (in Chinese) |
| null | Zhang Z D, Zang R G. 2018. Diversity and distribution of food plants: Implications for conservation of the critically endangered Hainan gibbon. Nature Conservation, 31: 17-33. |
| null | Zhou J, Wei F W, Li M, Zhang J F, Wang D L, Pan R L. 2005. Hainan Black-crested gibbon is headed for extinction. International Journal of Primatoloy, 26 (2): 453-465. |
| null | Zhou Y D, Zhang J F. 2003. The protection and development countermeasures of Hainan gibbon. Tropical Forestry, 31 (2): 16-17.(in Chinese) |
| null | 丁伟, 杨士剑, 刘泽华. 2003. 生境破碎化对黑白仰鼻猴种群数量的影响. 人类学学报, 22 (14): 338-344. |
| null | 中国科学院植物研究所. 1976—1987. 中国高等植物图鉴. 北京: 科学出版社. |
| null | 邓怀庆, 周江. 2015. 海南长臂猿研究现状. 四川动物, 34 (4): 635-640. |
| null | 龙文兴, 臧润国,丁易. 2011. 海南岛霸王岭热带山地常绿林和热带山顶矮林群落特征.生物多样性, 19 (5): 558-566. |
| null | 刘振河, 余斯绵, 袁喜才. 1984. 海南长臂猿的资源现状. 野生动物, 6 (6): 1-4. |
| null | 刘振河, 覃朝锋. 1990. 海南长臂猿生境结构分析. 兽类学报, 10 (3): 163-169. |
| null | 余世孝, 臧润国, 蒋有绪. 2001. 海南岛霸王岭垂直带热带植被物种多样性的空间分析. 生态学报, 21 (9): 1438-1443. |
| null | 陈焕镛. 1964. 海南植物志. 北京: 科学出版社. |
| null | 周亚东, 张剑锋. 2003. 海南长臂猿保护发展对策. 热带林业, 31 (2): 16-17. |
| null | 倪庆永, 蒋学龙, 王孝伟, 梁宗利, 解萌. 2015. 西黑冠长臂猿隔离小种群栖息地植被特征与其食性及生境利用.兽类学报, 35 (2): 119-129. |
| null | 唐玮璐, 毕玉, 金崑. 2021. 海南热带雨林国家公园海南长臂猿食源植物组成.野生动物学报, 42 (3): 675-685. |
| null | 唐玮璐, 金崑. 2021. 海南热带雨林国家公园海南长臂猿夜宿生境选择初步研究. 北京林业大学学报, 43 (2): 113-126. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
青公网安备 63010402000199号
青ICP备05000010号-2
