ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA >

2023 , Vol. 43 >Issue 5: 593 - 607

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.150768

REVIEWS

Population dynamics of wild Asian elephants over the past fifty years

  • TANG Yongjing ,
  • YANG Cong ,
  • YANG Zicheng ,
  • CHEN Fei
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  • Southwest Survey and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Asian Elephant Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650000, China

Received date: 2022-12-20

  Revised date: 2023-07-31

  Online published: 2023-09-22

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Abstract

The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is the flagship species of tropical forest ecosystems in Asia and plays an important role in increasing species richness and maintaining ecosystem services. Affected by habitat loss and degradation, illegal poaching, and human-elephant conflict, the distribution and population size of the world’s wild Asian elephants have declined significantly compared to the past. In order to explore the distribution, population changes, and current conservation needs of wild Asian elephants, this paper reviews the research on the historical distribution, population dynamics, threat factors, traditional culture, laws and regulations, and conservation action plans of Asian elephants in South and Southeast Asia and China over the past 50 years, and draws the following conclusions: (1) In the past 50 years, the global wild Asian elephant population has shown an early trend of decline and then growth, followed by a continued decline between 1970 - 2000 and gradually increased between 2000 - 2010, and slow growth since 2010. (2) South Asia is an important area for stabilizing the global wild Asian elephant population, mainly due to timely legislative protection, strong traditional culture protection and other factors. The continuous decline of Asian elephant populations in Southeast Asia is mainly affected by deforestation and illegal poaching. The large-scale loss of forest habitat is the main reason for its continuous decline in Indonesia, Borneo, and other regions. The main reasons for the decline in Myanmar and Thailand are illegal poaching and smuggling. (3) The existing habitats in South Asia are relatively concentrated, there are more fragmented habitats in Southeast Asia, and Myanmar has more potential distribution areas. (4) At present, the main threats to wild Asian elephants are habitat loss and degradation, poaching and illegal trade, and human-elephant conflicts. In addition, problems associated with infrastructure construction, cross-border difficulties, and isolated populations cannot be ignored. Scientific and reasonable protection measures should be formulated taking into account the local challenges faced by Asian elephant populations, and on the basis of carrying out sufficient scientific research.

Key words： Asian elephant; Distribution; Population; Threat; Asian Elephant Range States Meeting

Cite this article

TANG Yongjing , YANG Cong , YANG Zicheng , CHEN Fei . Population dynamics of wild Asian elephants over the past fifty years[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023 , 43(5) : 593 -607 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150768

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