Infrared camera monitoring and daily activity rhythm analysis of birds and mammals in the Hunan Dupangling National Nature Reserve

GUI Jian; CAO Yue; PAN Dan; LI Jiaqi; LI Keyuan; LIU Xiang; LI Shiru; YANG Mengdie; YANG Daode

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150914

2025 , Vol. 45 >Issue 4: 513 - 526

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.150914

ORIGINAL PAPERS

Infrared camera monitoring and daily activity rhythm analysis of birds and mammals in the Hunan Dupangling National Nature Reserve

GUI Jian ,
CAO Yue ,
PAN Dan ,
LI Jiaqi ,
LI Keyuan ,
LIU Xiang ,
LI Shiru ,
YANG Mengdie ,
YANG Daode

Expand

1 Institute of Wildlife Conservation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
2 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China;
3 Yueyan Branch of Dao County, Administration Bureau of Hunan Dupangling National Nature Reserve, Yongzhou 425300, China

Received date: 2024-02-04

Revised date: 2024-08-21

Online published: 2024-08-21

Fold

Abstract

To investigate the current status of avian and mammalian diversity and the activity rhythms of representative species in the Hunan Dupangling National Nature Reserve, a systematic camera-trapping survey was conducted from January 2017 to April 2020. A total of 60 infrared cameras were deployed across the northern section of Dupangling and the Tanliyuan Forest Farm, yielding 46 911 effective camera trap days and 5 562 independent valid photo captures. In total, 14 mammal species from 10 families within 4 orders and 63 bird species from 22 families within 8 orders were identified. Among these, two species are listed as Class Ⅰ and 14 species as Class Ⅱ nationally protected wildlife in China. The top three mammal species in terms of relative abundance index (RAI) were Dremomys pyrrhomerus (15. 03), Elaphodus cephalophus (11. 00), and Tamiops maritimus (6. 57), while the top three bird species were Lophura nycthemera (13. 60), Bambusicola thoracicus (3. 62), and Chrysolophus pictus (3. 56). An analysis of the daily activity rhythms of eight widely distributed and relatively abundant species revealed the following patterns: (1) Melogale moschata exhibited a typical nocturnal activity pattern; Elaphodus cephalophus was crepuscular; and Sus scrofa exhibited cathemeral activity, being active both during the day and at night. (2) The activity rhythms of Elaphodus cephalophus and Sus scrofa differed significantly, whereas those of Dremomys pyrrhomerus and Tamiops maritimus were highly similar with no significant differences. (3) The activity rhythms of Bambusicola thoracicus differed significantly from those of both Lophura nycthemera and Chrysolophus pictus, Lophura nycthemera and Chrysolophus pictus exhibited highly similar patterns with no significant differences. The mechanisms facilitating the coexistence of these species, such as spatial distribution, dietary preferences, anthropogenic disturbance, and social or breeding behaviors: warrant further investigation. This monitoring effort has updated the baseline data on avian and mammalian diversity in the Hunan Dupangling National Nature Reserve and provides essential scientific support for the development of effective wildlife conservation and management strategies.

Key words： Camera-trapping; Biodiversity; Relative abundance index; Daily activity rhythm; Hunan Dupangling National Nature Reserve

Cite this article

GUI Jian , CAO Yue , PAN Dan , LI Jiaqi , LI Keyuan , LIU Xiang , LI Shiru , YANG Mengdie , YANG Daode . Infrared camera monitoring and daily activity rhythm analysis of birds and mammals in the Hunan Dupangling National Nature Reserve[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025 , 45(4) : 513 -526 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150914

References

Blaum N, Tietjen B, Rossmanith E. 2011. Impact of livestock husbandry on small- and medium-sized carnivores in Kalahari savannah rangelands [J]. Journal of Wildlife Management, 73 (1):60-67.
Cao Y. 2021. Monitoring on species diversity of birds and mammals in northern Dupangling, Hunan Province based on camera-trapping [D]. Master thesis. Changsha: Central South University of Forestry and Technology. (in Chinese)
Chen L J, Xiao W H, Xiao Z S. 2019a. Limitations of relative abundance indices calculated from camera-trapping data [J]. Biodiversity Science, 27 (3): 243-248. (in Chinese)
Chen L J, Shu Z F, Xiao Z S. 2019b. Application of camera-trapping data to study daily activity patterns of Galliformes in Guangdong Chebaling National Nature Reserve [J]. Biodiversity Science, 27(3): 266-272. (in Chinese)
Colwell R K, Elsensohn J E. 2014. EstimateS turns 20: statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples, with non-parametric extrapolation [J]. Ecography, 37 (6): 609-613.
Cruz P, Iezzi M E, De Angelo C, Varela D, Di Bitetti M S, Paviolo A. 2018. Effects of human impacts on habitat use, activity patterns and ecological relationships among medium and small felids of the Atlantic Forest [J]. PLoS ONE, 13 (8): 1-21.
Deng X J, Wang B, Yang D D. 1999. Investigation of Mammal Community Structure and Diversity in the Yongzhou Dupangling Nature Reserve [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House. (in Chinese)
Gordon C E, Feit A, Gruber J, Letnic M. 2015. Mesopredator suppression by an apex predator alleviates the risk of predation perceived by small prey [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282 (1802): 1-8.
Hu Y F, Li B Q, Liang D, Li X Q, Liu L X, Yang J W, Luo X. 2022.Effect of anthropogenic disturbance on Lady Amherst’s pheasant(Chrysolophus amherstiae) activity [J]. Biodiversity Science, 30(8): 100-113. (in Chinese)
IUCN. 2023. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species [EB/OL]. https://www. iucnredlist. org. (accessed on 2023-11-20)
Jiang Z G, Wu Y, Liu S Y, Jiang X L, Zhou K Y, Hu H J. 2021. China’s Red List of Biodiversity: Vertebrates, Volume I, Mammals [M]. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)
Li J Q, Xu H G, Wan Y Q, Sun J X, Li S, Cai L. 2018. Progress in Construction of China mammal diversity observation network(China BON-Mammals) [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 34 (1): 12-19. (in Chinese)
Li S, McShea W J, Wang D J, Lu Z, Gu X D. 2012. Gauging the impact of management expertise on the distribution of large mammals across protected areas [J]. Diversity and Distributions, 18(12): 1166-1176.
Li S, Wang D J, Xiao Z S, Li X H, Wang T M, Feng L M, Wang Y. 2014. Camera-trapping in wildlife research and conservation in China: review and outlook [J]. Biodiversity Science, 22 (6): 685-695. (in Chinese)
Li S, Wang D J, Bu H L, Liu X G, Jin T. 2016. Camera-trapping survey on the mammal diversity of the Laohegou Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province [J]. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 36 (3): 282-291.(in Chinese)
Li S, Wang D J, Chen X H, Bu H L, Liu X G, Jin T. 2021. The wildlife camera-trapping dataset of Laohegou Protected Area, Sichuan Province (2011-2015). Biodiversity Science, 29 (9): 1170-1174.(in Chinese)
Liu P, Fu M X, Qi D W, Song X Q, Wei W, Yang W J, Chen Y X, Zhou Y S, Liu J B, Ma R, Yu J, Yang H, Chen P, Hou R. 2020. Camera-trapping survey of wild mammals and birds in Daxiangling Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province [J]. Biodiversity Science, 28 (7): 905-912. (in Chinese)
Liu S Y, Wu Y, Li S. 2020. Handbook of the Mammals of China, 2nd ed [M]. Fuzhou: The Straits Publishing and Distributing Group.(in Chinese)
Liu Y, Chen S H. 2021. The CNG Field Guide of the Birds of China [M]. Changsha: Hunan Science and Technology Press. (in Chinese)
Liu Z F, Wang X C, Gong Y N, Chen D J, Zhang Q. 2023. Diversity and elevational distribution of birds and mammals based on infrared camera monitoring in Guangdong Nanling National Nature Reserve [J]. Biodiversity Science, 31 (8): 35-48. (in Chinese)
Ma K P. 2011. Assessing progress of biodiversity conservation with monitoring approach [J]. Biodiversity Science, 19 (2): 125-126.(in Chinese)
Meredith M, Ridout M. 2023. Overview of the overlap package, version 0. 3. 4. 1 [CP]. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/overlap/index. html. (accessed on 2023-12-15)
National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. 2021. The List of National Protected Wild Animals [EB/OL]. http://www. forestry. gov. cn/html/main/main_ 5461/20210205122418860831352/file/202102051519503367649- 82. pdf. (in Chinese)
Nouvellet P, Rasmussen G S A, Macdonald D W, Courchamp F, Braae A. 2012. Noisy clocks and silent sunrises: Measure-ment methods of daily activity pattern [J]. Journal of Zoology, 286 (3):179-184.
O’Brien T G, Kinnaird M F, Wibisono H T. 2003. Crouching tigers, hidden prey: sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape [J]. Animal Conservation, 6 (2): 131-139.
O’Connell A F, Nichols J D, Karanth K U. 2011. Camera Traps in Animal Ecology, Methods and Analyses [M]. New York:Springer.
Qian L, Li Y K, Li J Q, Wang Y Q, Luo H T, Wu Z M, Lu J, Wang Z Y, Ding H X, Zhong Y F, Shao R Q, Shen J, Ta Q, Li A M. 2022. Camera-trapping survey of the diversity of mammals and birds in Qiyunshan Nature Reserve [J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 38 (7): 890-896. (in Chinese)
Qiao J, Gong X L, Jia W, Jia G Q, Jiang Y, Zhou H M, Li J Q, Wen A X, Wang J. 2023. Distribution, group size and activity rhythm of wolves (Canis lupus) in the Gongga Mountains, Sichuan Province [J]. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 43 (3): 248-257. (in Chinese)
Ridout M S, Linkie M. 2009. Estimating overlap of daily activity patterns from camera trap data. Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, 14 (3): 322-337.
Ripple W J, Estes J A, Beschta R L, Wilmers C C, Ritchie E G, Hebblewhite M, Berger J, Elmhagen B, Letnic M, Nelson M P, Schmitz O J, Smith D W, Wallach A D, Wirsing A J. 2014. Status and ecological effects of the world’s largest carnivores [J]. Science, 343(6167). DOI: 10. 1126/science. 1241484.
Rowcliffe J M, Kays R, Kranstauber B, Carbone C, Jansen P A, Fisher D. 2014. Quantifying levels of animal activity using camera trap data [J]. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 5 (11): 1170-1179.
Rowcliffe M. 2023. Activity: Animal Activity Statistics [CP]. https://CRAN.R-project. org/package=activity. (accessed on 2023-09-27)
Ruan X D, Chen Y X, Wang B Y, Yang X, Liao C L, Yu Y, Guo C. 2023. Diversity and activity rhythm of mammals and birds in the Badagongshan National Nature Reserve, Hunan inferred through camera traps [J]. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 43 (3): 342-351. (in Chinese)
Shi J Y, Yang H, Hua J Q, Zhao Y Z, Li J Q, Xu J L. 2020. The relationship between the diurnal activity rhythm of Reeves’s pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii) and human disturbance revealed by camera trapping [J]. Biodiversity Science, 28 (7): 796-805. (in Chinese)
Shi X G, Hu Q, Li J Q, Tang Z, Yang J, Li W J, Shen X L, Li S. 2017. Camera-trapping surveys of the mammal and bird diversity in Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province [J]. Biodiversity Science, 25 (10): 1131-1136. (in Chinese)
Sun R Y. 2001. Principles of Animal Ecology. 3rd ed. [M]. Beijing:Beijing Normal University Press. (in Chinese)
TEAM Network. 2011. Terrestrial Vertebrate Protocol:Imp-lementation Manual, v. 3. 1 [CP]. Tropical Ecology, Assessment and Monitoring Network, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, Arlington VA. (accessed on 2023-09-10)
Wang C, Zhou D Q, Liang S, Su H J, Hu C S, Zhang M M. 2019. Camera-trapping survey on mammals and birds in Guizhou Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve [J]. Biodiversity Science, 27 (10): 1147-1152. (in Chinese)
Wang G H, Shi Z P, Liu X J, Zhou Q H, Xiao Z S. 2014. Camera trap survey of mammals and birds in Huaping National Nature Reserve, Guangxi [J]. Biodiversity Science, 22 (6): 758-787. (in Chinese)
Wang G H, Li S Q, Shi Z P, Wang S N, Ye J P, Zhou Q H. 2016. Preliminary survey of mammal and bird diversity of Guangxi Maoershan National Nature Reserve: based on infrared camera monitoring [J]. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 36 (3): 338-347. (in Chinese)
Wei F W, Yang Q S, Wu Y, Jiang X L, Liu S Y, Hu Y B, Ge D Y, Li B G, Yang G G, Li M, Zhou J, Li S, Li S, Yu W H, Chen B Y, Zhang Z J, Zhou C Q, Wu S B, Zhang L, Chen Z Z, Chen S D, Deng H Q, Jiang T L, Zhang L B, Shi H Y, Lu X L, Li Q, Liu Z, Cui Y Q, Li Y C, He K. 2025. Catalogue of mammals in China (2024) [J]. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 45 (1): 1-16. (in Chinese)
Wetzel F T, Saarenmaa H, Regan E, Martin C S, Mergen P, Smirnova L, Tuama É Ó, García Camacho F A, Hoffmann A, Vohland K, Häuser C L. 2015. The roles and contributions of Biodiversity Observation Networks (BONs) in better tracking progress to 2020 biodiversity targets: a European case study [J]. Biodiversity, 16:137-149.
Xiao Z S, Li X H, Wang X Z, Zhou Q H, Quan R C, Shen X L, Li S. 2014. Developing camera-trapping protocols for wildlife monitoring in Chinese forests [J]. Biodiversity Science, 22 (6): 704-711.(in Chinese)
Xie B, Nong X P, Huang G L, Huang R, Yao W, Lin J Z, Zhou Q H. 2023. Preliminary survey of mammals and birds diversity by using camera traps in the Guangxi Encheng National Nature Reserve [J]. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 43 (2): 215-223. (in Chinese)
Yang D D, Wu Y M, Yu X L. 2013. Research and Protection of Biodiversity in Hunan Dupangling National Nature Reserve [M]. Changsha: Hunan Science & Technology Press. (in Chinese)
Zhang M F. 2019. Comparison on mammal diversity of Mangshan and Xuefengshan sample areas in Hunan Province based on infrared camera trapping [D]. Master thesis. Changsha: Hunan Normal University. (in Chinese)
Zhang L B, Cui S P, Huang Y J, Chen D Q, Qiao H J, Li C W, Jiang Z G. 2014. Infrared camera traps in wildlife research and monitoring in China: issues and insights [J]. Biodiversity Science, 22 (6):696-703. (in Chinese)
Zhang Q W, Gong Y N, Song X J, Wang X C, Yang C T, Shu Z F, Zou F S. 2018. Comparing the effectiveness of camera trapping to traditional methods for biodiversity surveys of forest birds [J]. Biodiversity Science, 26 (3): 229-237. (in Chinese)
Zhang Y Y, Zheng G M. 2021. China’s Red List of Biodiversity: Vertebrates. Volume Ⅱ: Birds [M]. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)
Zheng G M. 2023. A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China. 4th ed. [M]. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)
Zhu S Y, Duan F, Li S. 2017. Promoting diversity inventory and monitoring of birds through the camera-trapping net-work in China:Status, challenges and future outlook [J]. Biodiversity Science, 25(10): 1114-1122. (in Chinese)
马克平. 2011. 监测是评估生物多样性保护进展的有效途径 [J]. 生物多样性, 19 (2): 125-126.
王丞, 周大庆, 梁盛, 粟海军, 胡灿实张明明. 2019. 贵州赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性红外相机初步监测 [J]. 生物多样性, 27 (10): 1147-1152.
邓学建, 王斌, 杨道德. 1999. 湖南永州都庞岭自然保护区哺乳类的种群多样性研究 [M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社.
石江艳, 杨海, 华俊钦, 赵玉泽, 李建强, 徐基良. 2020. 利用红外相机研究白冠长尾雉日活动节律与人为干扰的关系 [J]. 生物多样性, 28 (7): 796-805.
朱淑怡, 段菲, 李晟. 2017. 基于红外相机网络促进我国鸟类多样性监测: 现状、问题与前景[J]. 生物多样性, 25 (10): 1114-1122.
乔江, 龚小丽, 贾伟, 贾国清, 蒋勇, 周华明, 李佳琦, 温安祥, 王杰. 2023. 四川贡嘎山狼的分布、群体大小和活动节律 [J]. 兽类学报, 43 (3): 248-257.
刘少英, 吴毅, 李晟. 2020. 中国兽类图鉴 (第二版) [M]. 福州: 海峡出版发行集团.
刘阳, 陈水华. 2021. 中国鸟类观察手册 [M]. 长沙: 湖南科学技术出版社.
刘志发, 王新财, 龚粤宁, 陈道剑, 张强. 2023. 基于红外相机监测的广东南岭国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性及其垂直分布特征 [J]. 生物多样性, 31 (8): 35-48.
刘鹏, 付明霞, 齐敦武, 宋心强, 韦伟, 杨琬婧, 陈玉祥, 周延山, 刘家斌, 马锐, 余吉, 杨洪, 陈鹏, 侯蓉. 2020. 利用红外相机监测四川大相岭自然保护区鸟兽物种多样性 [J]. 生物多样性, 28 (7):905-912.
阮向东, 陈奕欣, 王博宇, 杨筱, 廖春林, 禹洋, 郭程. 2023. 湖南八大公山国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性及活动节律调查 [J]. 兽类学报, 43 (3): 342-351.
孙儒泳. 2001. 动物生态学原理. 第三版 [M]. 北京: 北京师范大学出版社.
李佳琦, 徐海根, 万雅琼, 孙佳欣, 李晟, 蔡蕾. 2018. 全国哺乳动物多样性观测网络 (China BON-Mammals) 建设进展 [J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 34 (1): 12-19.
李晟, 王大军, 卜红亮, 刘小庚, 靳彤. 2016. 四川省老河沟自然保护区兽类多样性红外相机调查 [J]. 兽类学报, 36 (3): 282-291.
李晟, 王大军, 肖治术, 李欣海, 王天明, 冯利民, 王云. 2014. 红外相机技术在我国野生动物研究与保护中的应用与前景 [J]. 生物多样性, 22 (6): 685-695.
李晟, 王大军, 陈祥辉, 卜红亮, 刘小庚, 靳彤. 2021. 四川老河沟保护地 2011—2015 年野生动物红外相机监测数据集 [J]. 生物多样性, 29 (9): 1170-1174.
杨道德, 伍有谟, 喻勋林. 2013. 湖南都庞岭国家级自然保护区生物多样性研究与保护 [M]. 长沙: 湖南科学技术出版社.
肖治术, 李欣海, 王学志, 周岐海, 权锐昌, 申小莉, 李晟. 2014. 探讨我国森林野生动物红外相机监测规范 [J]. 生物多样性, 22 (6):704-711.
汪国海, 李生强, 施泽攀, 王绍能, 叶建平, 周岐海. 2016. 广西猫儿山自然保护区的兽类和鸟类多样性初步调查: 基于红外相机监测数据 [J]. 兽类学报, 36 (3): 338-347.
汪国海, 施泽攀, 刘秀菊, 周岐海, 肖治术. 2014. 花坪保护区鸟兽物种的红外相机初步监测 [J]. 生物多样性, 22 (6): 785-787.
张倩雯, 龚粤宁, 宋相金, 王新财, 杨昌腾, 束祖飞, 邹发生. 2018. 红外相机技术与其他几种森林鸟类多样性调查方法的比较 [J]. 生物多样性, 26 (3): 229-237.
张梦斐. 2019. 基于红外相机技术的湖南莽山和雪峰山样区哺乳类多样性比较 [D]. 长沙: 湖南师范大学硕士学位论文.
张雁云, 郑光美. 2021. 中国生物多样性红色名录. 脊椎动物 (第二卷): 鸟类 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社.
张履冰, 崔绍朋, 黄元骏, 陈代强, 乔慧捷, 李春旺, 蒋志刚. 2014. 红外相机技术在我国野生动物监测中的应用: 问题与限制 [J]. 生物多样性, 22 (6): 696-703.
陈立军, 肖文宏, 肖治术. 2019a. 物种相对多度指数在红外相机数据分析中的应用与局限 [J]. 生物多样性, 27 (3): 243-248.
陈立军, 束祖飞, 肖治术. 2019b. 应用红外相机数据研究动物活动节律: 以广东车八岭保护区鸡形目鸟类为例 [J]. 生物多样性, 27 (3): 266-272.
国家林业和草原局, 农业农村部. 2021. 国家重点保护野生动物名录 (2021 年 2 月 1 日修订) [J]. 野生动物学报, 42 (2): 605-640.
郑光美. 2023. 中国鸟类分类与分布名录. 第四版 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社.
胡远芳, 李斌强, 梁丹, 李兴权, 刘兰香, 杨家伟, 罗旭. 2022. 人为干扰对白腹锦鸡活动节律的影响 [J]. 生物多样性, 30 (8):100-113.
施小刚, 胡强, 李佳琦, 唐卓, 杨建, 李文静, 申小莉, 李晟. 2017. 利用红外相机调查四川卧龙国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性 [J]. 生物多样性, 25 (10): 1131-1136.
钱磊, 李言阔, 李佳琦, 万雅琼, 罗会潭, 吴治明, 卢建, 王振宇, 丁红秀, 钟毅峰, 邵瑞清, 申锦, 塔旗, 李安梅. 2022. 利用红外相机技术调查江西省齐云山国家级自然保护区鸟类和兽类多样性 [J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 38 (7): 890-896.
曹越. 2021. 湖南都庞岭北部鸟兽物种多样性红外相机监测 [D]. 长沙: 中南林业科技大学硕士学位论文.
蒋志刚, 吴毅, 刘少英, 蒋学龙, 周开亚, 胡慧建. 2021. 中国生物多样性红色名录. 脊椎动物 (第一卷): 哺乳动物 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社.
谢博, 农秀萍, 黄国力, 黄蓉, 姚维, 林建忠, 周岐海. 2023. 广西恩城国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性红外相机监测初报 [J]. 兽类学报, 43 (2): 215-223.
魏辅文, 杨奇森, 吴毅, 蒋学龙, 刘少英, 胡义波, 葛德燕, 李保国, 杨光, 李明, 周江, 李松, 李晟, 余文华, 陈炳耀, 张泽钧, 周材权, 吴诗宝, 张立, 陈中正, 陈顺德, 邓怀庆, 江廷磊, 张礼标, 石红艳, 卢学理, 李权, 刘铸, 崔雅倩, 李玉春, 何锴. 2025. 中国兽类名录 (2024 版) [J]. 兽类学报, 45 (1): 1-16.

Options

Outlines

模态框（Modal）标题

Abstract

Cite this article

References