ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA >

2025 , Vol. 45 >Issue 1: 119 - 127

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.150883

ORIGINAL PAPERS

Feeding on human-planted eucalyptus by the white-headed langur (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) in the wild and its nutritional analysis

  • LIU Yanchen ,
  • GUO Qiuyan ,
  • LU Meijing ,
  • WU Shijun ,
  • NONG Dengpan ,
  • HUANG Chengming ,
  • FAN Penglai ,
  • ZHOU Qihai
Expand
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541006, China;
    2 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guilin 541006, China;
    3 Chongzuo White-headed Langur National Nature Reserve, Chongzuo 532200, China

Received date: 2023-12-04

  Revised date: 2024-03-25

  Online published: 2025-01-23

Fold

Abstract

Few mammals feed on eucalyptus and wild white-headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) have been found eating parts of this poisonous trees. From August 2021 to July 2022, data on the feeding on cultivated eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis) were collected systematically from one free-ranging group of white-headed langurs in the Chongzuo White-headed Langur National Nature Reserve, Guangxi. We explored possible reasons why the whiteheaded langur feeds on eucalyptus by nutritional analysis. The results showed that white-headed langurs fed on barks, mature leaves, and young leaves of eucalyptus, accounting for 70. 4%, 28. 1% and 1. 4% of the total foraging time of eu-calyptus respectively. The mean durations of feeding bouts on barks and mature leaves were significant longer than that for young leaves. The frequencies of feeding bouts on bark and mature leaves were significantly higher in the rainy season than those in the dry season. The frequencies and mean duration of feeding bouts on barks, mature leaves, and young leaves of eucalyptus did not differ among ages of individuals. Compared to the young leaves of eucalyptus and the other major food plant species consumed by white-headed langurs, eucalyptus barks contain higher content of calcium, which indicates that the acquisition of mineral elements may be one of reasons to select eucalyptus as food.

Key words： White-headed langur; Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis; Nutrition; Mineral element

Cite this article

LIU Yanchen , GUO Qiuyan , LU Meijing , WU Shijun , NONG Dengpan , HUANG Chengming , FAN Penglai , ZHOU Qihai . Feeding on human-planted eucalyptus by the white-headed langur (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) in the wild and its nutritional analysis[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025 , 45(1) : 119 -127 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150883

References

Azadbakht M, Chabra A, Akbarabadi A S, Motazedian H M, Monadi T, Akbari F. 2020. Anti-parasitic activity of some medicinal plants essential oils on Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica, in Vi-tro.Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 7 (1):41-47.
Barbehenn R V, Jaros A, Lee G, Mozola C, Weir Q, Salminen J P. 2009. Hydrolyzable tannins as "quantitative defenses":limited impact against Lymantria dispar caterpillars on hybrid poplar.Journal of Insect Physiology, 55 (4):297-304.
Behie A M, Apthorp K, Hendershott R, Ruskin K. 2022. Ecology of Trachypithecus spp. in the Indo-Brumese region. In:Matsuda I, Grueter C C, Teichrobe J A eds. The Colobines:Natural History, Behaviour and Ecological Diversity. Cambridge:Cambridge Uni-versity Press, 225-249.
Behie A M, Pavelka M M. 2012. The role of minerals in food selec-tion in a black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) population in Be-lize following a major hurricane. American Journal of Primatol-ogy, 74 (11):1054-1063.
Cai R F, Hu G, Cao Y, Yang J L, Su X W, Chen B, Liu X G, Gao N. 2011. Nutritional contents of the major food in autumn and its in-fluence on food choice of Francois'langur at Mayanghe Nature Reserve, Guizhou Province. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 30 (3):366-371. (in Chinese)
Chen Q T, Liu J J, Qin Z L, Ming S, Ji X, Du Q. 2021. Testing accu-racy of the animal corridor site selection models based on field ob-servations:A case study of white-headed langur (Trachypithecus leucocephalus). Chinese Journal of Ecology, 41 (24):9920-9931. (in Chinese)
Du H. 2021. A research on the planting of Eucalyptus in modern Guangxi. Guangxi's Local Records, (3):62-68. (in Chinese)
Huang C M. 1998. The research on habitat selection, utilization and feeding biology of white-headed leaf monkey (Presbytis leuco-cephalus). Ph. D thesis. Beijing:Beijing Normal University. (in Chinese)
Huang Y. 2021. The research on group foraging and feeding quantity of white-headed langur. Master thesis. Guilin:Guangxi Normal University. (in Chinese)
Huang Y, Wei X, Wu Q, Huang C M, Sun T, Zhou Q H. 2021. Influ-ences of nutritional composition on food choice of white-headed langur (Trachypitheucs leucocephalus) in dry season. Journal of Guangxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 39 (4):109-115. (in Chinese)
Lawler I R, Foley W J, Eschler B M. 2000. Foliar concentration of a single toxin creates habitat patchiness for a marsupial folivore.Ecology, 81 (5):1327-1338.
Lawler I R, Foley W J, Pass G J, Eschler B M. 1998. Administration of a 5HT3 receptor antagonist increases the intake of diets con-taining Eucalyptus secondary metabolites by marsupials. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 168:611-618.
Li W, Guo A W, Wang B, Wu A K, Liu N, Hu G. 2010.Nutritional contents of winter food and its influences on food choice of Fran-cois'langur at Mayanghe Nature Reserve. Acta Theriologica Si-nica, 30 (2):151-156. (in Chinese)
Li Z Y, Rogers M E. 2006. Food items consumed by white-headed langurs in Fusui, China. International Journal of Primatology, 27:1551-1567.
Li Z Y, Wei Y, Rogers M E. 2003. Food choice of white-headed lan-gurs in Fusui, China. International Journal of Primatology, 24:1189-1205.
Liu X J, Wu Q, Huang Z H, Huang C M, Zhou Q H. 2016. Nutritional content of dry season foods and its influences on food choice of François'langurs at Nonggang. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 36 (2):241. (in Chinese)
Liu Z J, Zhang L Y, Yan Z Z, Ren Z J, Han F M, Tan X X, Xiang Z F, Dong F, Yang Z M, Liu G J, Wang Z M, Zhang J L, Que T C, Tang C H, Li Y F, Wang S, Wu J Y, Li F G, Huang C M, Ross C, Li M. 2020. Genomic mechanisms of physiological and morpho-logical adaptations of limestone langurs to Karst habitats. Mo-lecular Biology and Evolution, 37 (4):952-968.
Lodwick J L, Salmi R. 2019. Nutritional composition of the diet of the western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla):interspecific variation in diet quality. American Journal of Primatology, 81 (9). DOI:10.1002/ajp. 23044.
Marsh K J, Kulheim C, Blomberg S P, Thornhill A H, Miller J T, Wallis I R, Nicolle D, Salminen J P, Foley W J. 2017. Genus-wide variation in foliar polyphenolics in eucalypts. Phytochemistry, 144:197-207.
McLean S, Foley W J. 1997. Metabolism of Eucalyptus terpenes by herbivorous marsupials. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 29 (1-2):213-218.
Minisola S, Pepe J, Piemonte S, Cipriani C. 2015. The diagnosis and management of hypercalcaemia. BMJ, 350. DOI:10.1136/bmj.h2723.
Mittermeier R A, Rylands A B, Wilson D E. 2013. Handbook of the Mammals of the World:Vol. 3:Primates. Barcelona:Lynx Edi-cions.
Moore B D, Foley W J. 2005. Tree use by koalas in a chemically com-plex landscape. Nature, 435 (7041):488-490.
Pathy M J, Sinclair A J, Morley J E. 2006. Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine. Vol. 2. 4th edition. Hoboken:John Wiley & Sons.
Ramsey G, Bastian M L, Van Schaik C. 2007. Animal innovation de-fined and operationalized. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30 (4):393-407.
Reader S M, Laland K N. 2003. Animal innovation:an introduction.In:Reader S M, Laland K N eds. Animal Innovation. Oxford:Oxford University Press, 83-116.
Rode K D, Chapman C A, Chapman L J, McDowell L R. 2003. Min-eral resource availability and consumption by colobus in Kibale National Park, Uganda. International Journal of Primatology, 24:541-573.
Wasserman M D, Chapman C A. 2003. Determinants of colobine monkey abudance:the important of food energy, protein and fiber content. Journal of Animal Ecology, 72:650-659.
Wu M F. 2020. Study on habitat fragmentation assessment and poten-tial ecological corridor of Trachypithecus leucocephalus. Master thesis. Nanning:Guangxi University. (in Chinese)
Wu Q, Huang Z H, Yuan P S, Deng F Y, Zhou Q H. 2011. Water con-tent of the food and its influence on food choice of Francois'lan-gur at Nonggang, Guangxi, China. Journal of Guangxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 29 (4):117-121. (in Chinese)
Zhang K C, Yuan P S, Huang H L, Tang X P, Zhou Q H, Huang Z H. 2017. Inter-site variation in dietary composition of white-headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus). Journal of Guangxi Nor-mal University (Natural Science Edition), 35 (1):75-81. (in Chinese)
Zhou Q H, Huang C M. 2021. Advances in ecological research on the limestone langurs in China. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 41 (1):59-70. (in Chinese)
Zhou Q, Tang Z, Li Y, Huang C. 2013. Food diversity and choice of white-headed langur in fragmented limestone hill habitat in Guangxi, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33 (2):109-113.
叶智彰. 1993. 叶猴生物学. 昆明:云南科技出版社.
刘秀菊, 吴茜, 黄中豪, 黄乘明, 周岐海. 2016. 弄岗黑叶猴旱季食物营养组分及其对食物选择的影响. 兽类学报, 36 (2):241-247.
杜颢. 2021. 近代广西桉树种植探析:以 《桉树在广西生长之状况》
为中心. 广西地方志, (3):62-68.
李雯, 郭爱伟, 王彬, 吴安康, 刘宁, 胡刚. 2010.冬季麻阳河黑叶猴的食物营养组分及其对食物选择的影响. 兽类学报, 30 (2):151-156.
吴茜, 黄中豪, 袁培松, 邓凤云, 周岐海. 2011. 广西弄岗黑叶猴食物的水分含量对食物选择的影响. 广西师范大学学报 (自然科学版), 29 (4):117-121.
吴曼菲. 2020. 白头叶猴 (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) 栖息地破碎化评价及潜在生态廊道研究. 南宁:广西大学硕士学位论文.
张克处, 袁培松, 黄恒连, 唐小平, 周岐海, 黄中豪. 2017. 白头叶猴食物组成的地域性差异比较. 广西师范大学学报 (自然科学版), 35 (1):75-81.
陈秋彤, 刘骏杰, 覃子浏, 明霜, 姬翔, 杜钦. 2021. 基于野外观测检验动物廊道选址模型的准确性:以白头叶猴为例. 生态学报, 41 (24):9920-9931.
周岐海, 黄乘明. 2021. 中国石山叶猴生态学研究进展. 兽类学报, 41 (1):59-70.
黄乘明. 1998. 白头叶猴 (Presbytis leucocephalus) 对栖息地选择利用与取食生物学. 北京:北京师范大学博士学位论文.
黄颖. 2021. 白头叶猴的觅食量和群体取食研究. 桂林:广西师范大学硕士学位论文.
黄颖, 韦晓, 吴茜, 黄乘明, 孙涛, 周岐海. 2021. 白头叶猴旱季食物营养对食物选择的影响. 广西师范大学学报 (自然科学版), 39(4):109-115.
蔡锐芳, 胡刚, 曹晔, 杨进良, 苏欣慰, 陈波, 刘先高, 高宁. 2011. 贵州麻阳河黑叶猴秋季主要食物营养分析及对食物选择的影响. 四川动物, 30 (3):366-371.
Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉

　青公网安备 63010402000199号 青ICP备05000010号-2
Copyright © ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, All Rights Reserved.
Tel: +86-971-6143617　Fax: +86-971-6143282　E-mail: slxb@nwipb.cas.cn
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co., Ltd.