To explore and clarify the bat species diversity in China, a series of bat surveys were carried out in Hunan Province and Fujian Province. From September 2022 to July 2023, 9 bats (5♂, 4♀) were collected using harp traps in Huaihua and Shaoyang cities in Hunan Province, and in Wuyishan City, Fujian Province. These bats are relatively small, with forearm length ranging from 28. 70 mm to 32. 80 mm, and with black noses and short tube-like nostrils. Dorsal fur has a banded appearance, with a dark gray base, light yellow middle band, and blackish tip. Ventral fur is orange-yellow. Throat fur is banded with a gray-white base and light yellow/orange tip. Their skulls are relatively small, ranging from 15. 15 mm to 16. 39 mm, and exhibit a prominent rostrum, indistinct lambdoid sutures, and lack a sagittal crest. These characteristics are consistent with those of Murina shuipuensis. Phylogenetic analysis based on the Cyt b sequence segment confirmed this identification. The specimens are deposited at the Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of South China, Guangzhou University, and represent a new bat species record in Hunan and Fujian provinces. Moreover, to predict the potential suitable habitats for M. shuipuensis in China, we applied Ensemble Species Distribution Models (ESDM). We collected 30 distribution points of M. shuipuensis and selected 11 less-correlated environmental variables. The Ensemble function in the R package ‘SSDM’ was used to infer the ensemble model and predict the potential suitable habitats. The performance of the model was evaluated based on AUC and Kappa values. The prediction result was superimposed with distribution points and geographical base map using QGIS to obtain a prediction map of potential suitable areas. We found that the distribution of this species is mainly related to precipitation factors, and tends to be far from human disturbance areas. Regions with high habitat suitability are predominantly located in the mountainous areas of South, East, and Central China, concentrated in northwestern Hunan, northern Guangdong and Guangxi, central to northern Fujian, and central to southwestern Zhejiang. Moderate suitable areas surround the highly suitable area. Overall, suitable areas are closely related to mountains, mainly around Nan Ling, Wuyi Mountains, and Luoxiao Mountains. These predictions could benefit future bat field surveys. The specimens are deposited at the Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of South China, Guangzhou University presently.
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