The Beijing Barbastelle (Barbastella beijingensis) is endemic to China and has limited information on its calls, diet and distribution. In July 2023, five Barbastelle bats were captured in a mine cave in Suanzaoping Village, Houjiazhuang Town, Xingtai City, Hebei Province (37°22'15. 59″N, 114°02'16. 8″E, 727 m elevation). We collected the bats' feces, echolocation calls, distress calls, and morphological data. These individuals are medium-sized, with a forearm length of (43. 8 ±1. 6) mm. There is a connection between the ears at the forehead, the outer ear contour is nearly square and has a distinct transverse ridge, and the middle outer edge has a smaller ear protrusion. The skulls are narrow and long, with a total length of 15. 50 mm to 16. 02 mm, a smooth skull top, and a larger interorbital distance. Based on external morphology, cranial parameters, and molecular phylogenetic analysis (Cyt b and ND1 genes), the captured individuals were identified as B. beijingensis. The echolocation calls of the B. beijingensis are frequency-modulated, with the highest energy at the second harmonic, a peak frequency of (70. 90 ±3. 75) kHz, a bandwidth of (26. 17 ±4. 96) kHz, and a pulse duration of (2. 89 ±1. 13) ms. The distress calls were divided into three simple syllables (long downward frequency modulation, short downward frequency modulation, and wrinkled frequency modulation) and one compound syllable (noise-wrinkled frequency modulation). The diet mainly consists of insects from the order Lepidoptera (relative read abundance 99. 7%), as well as a small amount of insects from the orders Blattodea, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. This discovery represents a new bat species record for Hebei Province, and it enriches the acoustic and dietary data of the B. beijingensis, providing basic data for subsequent in-depth research.
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