This study systematically reviews the taxonomic status of the family Pteropodidae in China by integrating historical literature, pelage characteristics, and body and skull measurements. A total of 7 genera and 9 species are confirmed to occur in China, including Cynopterus, Eonycteris, Macroglossus, Pteropus, Sphaerias (each containing 1 species) , and Rousettus, Megaerops (each containing 2 species). The results reveal that several historical records require revision: P. giganteus, P. lylei, and P. vampyrus are excluded from the country due to the lack of valid specimens. Taxonomic revision using morphometric and molecular evidence demonstrates that specimens previously identified as C. brachyotis in the Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology should be C. sphinx. Based on this and combined with the current research status of this species in China, it is concluded that there is currently no valid record of C. brachyotis in China. This work provides a framework for taxonomic revisions in Chinese Pteropodidae.
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