基于红外相机技术对文山国家级自然保护区老君山片区地栖鸟兽多样性的调查

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150588

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为进一步查清云南省文山国家级自然保护区老君山片区地栖鸟兽多样性、常见物种活动节律及其与人畜活动的关系，2019年8月—2020年3月分两次在老君山片区布设73个红外相机监测位点，除丢失损坏及无效相机外，59个相机位点共调查到鸟兽62种，其中兽类5目11科17属21种，鸟类5目14科31属41种。国家二级重点保护野生动物有熊猴(Macaca assamensis)、红面猴(Macaca arctoides)、斑林狸(Prionodon pardicolor)、白腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus amherstiae)、栗头八色鸫(Pitta oatesi)等12种，其中有4种仅在核心区分布；中国特有哺乳动物2种：侧纹岩松鼠(Rupestes forresti)和红白鼯鼠(Petaurista alborufus)。新增兽类记录4种，鸟类记录17种。鸟类中相对多度指数较高的种类为红喉山鹧鸪(Arborophila rufogularis)和白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)，兽类为红腿长吻松鼠(Dremomys pyrrhomerus)和侧纹岩松鼠。生态位相似的红喉山鹧鸪和白鹇之间、红腿长吻松鼠和侧纹岩松鼠之间活动节律均存在显著差异；人类日间活动与白鹇、红腿长吻松鼠活动时间也存在显著分化。结果表明，地栖性鸟兽活动节律既受同域分布且生态位相似物种活动的影响，也受人类活动的影响。

关键词: 文山国家级自然保护区, 红外相机, 相对多度指数, 活动节律

Abstract: Wildlife resources are a vital part of biodiversity and their composition and structure directly relate to the function of the ecosystem. Investigating the current situation of wildlife supports biodiversity conservation and management. To further comprehend the diversity of birds and mammals in Mt. Laojun, Wenshan National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, we deployed 73 camera monitoring sites from August 2019 to March 2020 to observe the activity rhythm of common species and their relationship with humans and livestock. After adjusting for lost, damaged, and invalid cameras, we detected a total of 62 species of birds and mammals at 59 camera sites, including 21 species of mammals in 17 genera, 11 families, and five orders, and 41 species of birds in 31 genera, 14 families, and five orders. This list included 12 National Level Ⅱ Key protected mammals, including the Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis), stumptailed macaque (M. arctoides), spotted linsang (Prionodon pardicolor), Lady Amherst's pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae), rusty-naped pitta (Pitta oatesi) and so on. Among these 12 species, four were distributed only in the core zone and two are endemic to China, namely Forrest's rock squirrel (Rupestes forresti) and red and white giant flying squirrel (Petaurista alborufus). Ultimately, we added new records for four species of mammals and 17 species of birds. Among birds, the species with the highest relative abundance index were the rufous-throated partridge (Arborophila rufogularis) and silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera). Among mammals, the species with the highest relative abundance index were the red-hipped squirrel (Dremomys pyrrhomerus) and Forrest's rock squirrel. There were significant differences in activity rhythm between the rufous-throated partridge and silver pheasant, and between the red-hipped squirrel and Forrest's rock squirrel. There was also a significant differentiation between human daytime activity and the activity time of silver pheasant and the red-hipped squirrel. The results showed that the activity rhythm of terrestrial birds and animals was affected not only by the activities of species in the same region with similar niches, but also by human activities.

Key words: Wenshan National Nature Reserve, Camera traps, Relative abundance index, Activity rhythm

中图分类号:

Q958

韩克国, 李凯, 孙婧, 饶静秋, 周佳, 杨云, 崔亮伟, 管振华. 基于红外相机技术对文山国家级自然保护区老君山片区地栖鸟兽多样性的调查[J]. 兽类学报, 2023, 43(1): 89-101.

HAN Keguo, LI Kai, SUN Jing, RAO Jingqiu, ZHOU Jia, YANG Yun, CUI Liangwei, GUAN Zhenhua. Diversity of birds and mammals in Laojunshan region, Wenshan National Nature Reserve based on infrared cameras[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 43(1): 89-101.

参考文献

Aschoff J. 1966. Circadian activity pattern with two peaks. Ecology, 47:657-662.
Bi C X, Yang S J, Liu C, Huang J X. 2016. Interview method applica-tion in wildlife survey. Forest Inventory and Planning, 41 (4):12-15. (in Chinese)
Cai L Q, Li Q F. 1998. Circadian generator of rodents and its photope-riod regulation. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 17 (6):40-43. (in Chinese)
Chen L J, Shu Z F, Xiao Z S. 2019. Application of camera-trapping data to study daily activity patterns of Galliformes in Guangdong Chebaling National Nature Reserve. Biodiversity Science, 27 (3):266-272. (in Chinese)
Chen Y X, Xiao Z S, Li M, Wang X W, He C X, He G P, Li H S, Shi S J, Xiang Z F. 2016. Preliminary survey for the biodiversity of mammal and bird using camera traps in the west of mid-section Mt. Gaoligong. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 36 (3):302-312. (in Chinese)
Gao G, Wang B, He C X, Luo X. 2017. Biodiversity of birds and mammals in alpine habitat of Mt. Gaoligong, Lushui County, Yunnan. Biodiversity Science, 25 (3):332-339. (in Chinese)
Guo L J, Bai F, Dai L J, He D M, Huang Z P, Xiao W, Cui L W. 2017. Primates population at the Wenshan National Nature Reserve, Yunnan. Journal of Southwest Forestry University (Natural Sci-ences Edition), 37 (3):101-106. (in Chinese)
Jiang Z G, Jiang J P, Wang Y Z, Zhang E, Zhang Y Y, Li L L, Xie F, Cai B, Cao L, Zheng G M, Dong L, Zhang Z W, Ding P, Luo Z H, Ding C Q, Ma Z J, Tang S H, Cao W X, Li C W, Hu H J, Ma Y, Wu Y, Wang Y X, Zhou K Y, Liu S Y, Chen Y Y, Li J T, Feng Z J, Wang Y, Wang B, Li C, Song X L, Cai L, Zang C X, Zeng Y, Meng Z B, Fang H X, Ping X G. 2016. Red List of China's ver-tebrates. Biodiversity Science, 24 (5):501-551. (in Chinese)
Jiang Z G, Mei B, Tang Y Z, Zhang J X. 2012. Animal Behavior Method. Beijing:Science Press, 1-20. (in Chinese)
Jin J H, Huang J X, Shao Y P, Li G B, Yang S J. 2021. Preliminary study on the diversity of mammals and birds based on camera traps in Xichou County, Yunnan Province. Journal of Yunnan Normal University (Natural Sciences Edition), 41 (2):34-42. (in Chinese)
Karanth K U. 1995. Estimating tiger Panthera tigris populations from camera-trap data using capture recapture models. Biological Con-servation, 71 (3):333-338.
Liu F, Su X J, Li D Q, Wang B Z, Zhang Z L. 2014. Using camera trap to investigate animal diversity in Hunan Gaowangjie National Na-ture Reserve. Biodiversity Science, 22 (6):779-784. (in Chinese)
Liu X H, Wu P F, Songer M, Cai Q, He X B, Zhu Y, Shao X M. 2013. Monitoring wildlife abundance and diversity with infra-red cam-era traps in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve of Shaanxi Province, China. Ecological Indicators, 33:121-128.
Liu Y, Chen S H. 2021. The CNG Field Guide to the Birds of China. Changsha:Hunan Science and Technology Press, 54-636. (in Chinese)
MacKinnon J, Phillipps K, He F Q. 2000. A Field Guide to the Birds of China. Changsha:Hunan Education Publishing House, 19-520. (in Chinese)
Meredith M, Ridout M. 2014. Overlap:Estimates of Coefficient of Overlapping for Animal Activity Patterns. https://CRAN.Rpro-ject.org/package=overlap. (accessed on 2021-11-18)
Mittermeier R A, Turner W R, Larsen F W, Brooks T M, Gascon C. 2011. Global biodiversity conservation:The critical role of hot-spots. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 978 (1):3-22.
Nouvellet P, Rasmussen G S A, Macdonald D W, Courchamp F. 2012. Noisy clocks and silent sunrises:measurement methods of daily activity pattern. Journal of Zoology, 286 (3):179-184.
O'Brien T G, Kinnaird M F, Wibisono H T. 2003. Crouching tigers, hidden prey:Sumatran tigers and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape. Animal Conservation, 6:131-139.
O'Connell A F, Nichols J D, Karanth K U. 2010. Camera Traps in Animal Eology:Methods and Analyses. Springer, Tokyo.
Smith A T, Xie Y. 2009. A Guide to the Mammals of China. Chang-sha:Hunan Education Publishing House, 1-671. (in Chinese)
Su Y H, Cai Q, Zhu Z Y, He X B, Liu X H, Songer M. 2022. Impacts of a road on abundance of wild animals through infrared camera moni-toring:a case study of road inside Guanyinshan National Nature Reserve. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 42 (1):49-57. (in Chinese)
Tang J, Li D P, Xu H L, Xiao W. 2013. Methods for habitat use of ani-mal. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 32 (4):633-639. (in Chinese)
Trolle M, Bissaro M C, Prado H M. 2006. Mammal survey at a ranch of the Brazilian Cerrado. Springer Netherlands, 5:379-385.
Wei F W, Yang Q S, Wu Y, Jiang X L, Liu S Y, Li B G, Yang G, Li M, Zhou J, Li S, Hu Y B, Ge D Y, Li S, Yu W H, Chen B Y, Zhang Z J, Zhou C Q, Wu S B, Zhang L, Chen Z Z, Chen S D, Deng H Q, Jiang T L, Zhang L B, Shi H Y, Lu X L, Li Q, Liu Z, Cui Y Q, Li Y C. 2021. Catalogue of mammals in China. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 41 (5):487-501. (in Chinese)
Wu P F, Liu X H, Cai Q, He X B, Songer M, Zhu Y, Shao X M. 2012. The application of infrared camera in mammal research in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve, Shaanxi. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 32 (1):67-71. (in Chinese)
Xiao Z S, Chen L J, Song X J, Shu Z F, Xiao R G, Huang X Q. 2019. Species inventory and assessment of large- and medium-size mammals and pheasants using camera trapping in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province. Biodiversity Sci-ence, 27 (3):237-242. (in Chinese)
Xiao Z S, Li X H, Wang X Z, Zhou Q H, Quan C R, Shen X L, Li S. 2014. Developing camera-trapping protocols for wildlife monitor-ing in Chinese forests. Biodiversity Science, 22 (6):704-711. (in Chinese)
Yang X F, Xie W H, Tao S L, Li J N, Xiao Z S. 2014. A comparison of live traps and pitfall traps for monitoring the diversity of ground-dwelling small mammals in forests. Acta Theriologica Si-nica, 34 (2):193-199. (in Chinese)
Yang X W, Wu A K, Zou Q X, Li G R, Zhang M M, Hu C S, Su H J. 2020. Field monitoring of mammals and birds using infrared cam-eras in Mayanghe National Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China. Bio-diversity Science, 28 (2):219-225. (in Chinese)
Yang Y M, Tian K, He S J. 2008. Study on the Scientific Survey of Wenshan National Nature Reserve in China. Beijing:Science Press, 3-455. (in Chinese)
Zhang P, Jiang G S, Xiao Z S. 2014. Preliminary survey of mammal diversity by camera traps and line transects in Shuanghe National Nature Reserve, Northeast China. Biodiversity Science, 22 (6):773-775. (in Chinese)
Zheng G M. 2017. A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China, 3rd edn. Beijing:Science Press, 1-492. (in Chinese)
Zhu C, Li W D, Wang D R, Ding P, Si X F. 2021. Plant-frugivore in-teractions revealed by arboreal camera trapping. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 19 (3):149-151.
Smith A T, 解焱. 2009. 中国兽类野外手册. 长沙:湖南教育出版社, 1-671.
毕超贤, 杨士剑, 刘聪, 黄婧雪. 2016. 访谈法在野生动物调查中的应用综述. 林业调查规划, 41 (4):12-15.
刘阳, 陈水华. 2021. 中国鸟类观察手册. 长沙:湖南科学技术出版社, 54-636.
刘芳, 宿秀江, 李迪强, 王本忠, 张自亮. 2014. 利用红外相机调查湖南高望界国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性. 生物多样性, 22 (6):779-784.
约翰·马敬能, 卡伦·菲利普斯, 何芬奇. 2000. 中国鸟类野外手册. 长沙:湖南教育出版社, 19-520.
苏宇晗, 蔡琼, 朱自煜, 何祥博, 刘雪华, Songer M. 2022. 利用红外相机技术监测道路对野生动物丰富度的影响:以观音山国家级自然保护区道路为例. 兽类学报, 42 (1):49-57.
杨宇明, 田昆, 和世钧. 2008. 中国文山国家级自然保护区科学考察研究. 北京:科学出版社, 3-455.
杨雄威, 吴安康, 邹启先, 李光容, 张明明, 胡灿实, 粟海军. 2020. 贵州麻阳河国家级自然保护区红外相机鸟兽监测. 生物多样性, 28 (2):219-225.
杨锡福, 谢文华, 陶双伦, 李俊年, 肖治术. 2014. 笼捕法和陷阱法对森林小型兽类多样性监测效率比较. 兽类学报, 34 (2):193-199.
肖治术, 李欣海, 王学志, 周岐海, 权锐昌, 申小莉, 李晟. 2014. 探讨我国森林野生动物红外相机监测规范. 生物多样性, 22 (6):704-711.
肖治术, 陈立军, 宋相金, 束祖飞, 肖荣高, 黄小群. 2019. 基于红外相机技术对广东车八岭国家级自然保护区大中型兽类与雉类的编目清查与评估. 生物多样性, 27 (3):237-242.
张鹏, 姜广顺, 肖治术. 2014. 运用红外相机和样线法调查黑龙江双河自然保护区兽类资源. 生物多样性, 22 (6):773-775.
陈立军, 束祖飞, 肖治术. 2019. 应用红外相机数据研究动物活动节律:以广东车八岭保护区鸡形目鸟类为例. 生物多样性, 27 (3):266-272.
陈奕欣, 肖治术, 李明, 王新文, 何臣相, 何贵品, 李海曙, 施顺金, 向左甫. 2016. 利用红外相机对高黎贡山中段西坡兽类和鸟类多样性初步调查. 兽类学报, 36 (3):302-312.
武鹏峰, 刘雪华, 蔡琼, 何祥博, Songer M, 朱云, 邵小明. 2012. 红外相机技术在陕西观音山自然保护区兽类监测研究中的应用.
兽类学报, 32 (1):67-71.
金吉辉, 黄婧雪, 邵曰派, 李国彬, 杨士剑. 2021. 基于红外相机技术的云南西畴县鸟兽多样性初步研究. 云南师范大学学报 (自然科学版), 41 (2):34-42.
郑光美. 2017. 中国鸟类分类与分布名录 (第三版). 北京:科学出版社, 1-492.
高歌, 王斌, 何臣相, 罗旭. 2017. 云南泸水高黎贡山高山生境的鸟兽多样性. 生物多样性, 25 (3):332-339.
郭龙洁, 白帆, 代陆娇, 何得明, 黄志旁, 肖文, 崔亮伟. 2017. 文山国家级自然保护区灵长类种群数量研究. 西南林业大学学报 (自然科学), 37 (3):101-106.
唐佳, 李德品, 徐怀亮, 肖文. 2013. 动物生境利用研究方法综述. 四川动物, 32 (4):633-639.
蒋志刚, 江建平, 王跃招, 张鹗, 张雁云, 李立立, 谢锋, 蔡波, 曹亮, 郑光美, 董路, 张正旺, 丁平, 罗振华, 丁长青, 马志军, 汤宋华, 曹文宣, 李春旺, 胡慧建, 马勇, 吴毅, 王应祥, 周开亚, 刘少英, 陈跃英, 李家堂, 冯祚建, 王燕, 王斌, 李成, 宋雪琳, 蔡蕾, 臧春鑫, 曾岩, 孟智斌, 方红霞, 平晓鸽. 2016. 中国脊椎动物红色名录. 生物多样性, 24 (5):501-551.
蒋志刚, 梅兵, 唐业忠, 张健旭. 2012. 动物行为学方法. 北京:科学出版社, 1-20.
蔡理全, 李庆芬. 1998. 啮齿类动物的昼夜节律器及光周期对其影响机制. 生态杂志, 17 (6):40-43.
魏辅文, 杨奇森, 吴毅, 蒋学龙, 刘少英, 李保国, 杨光, 李明, 周江, 李松, 胡义波, 葛德燕, 李晟, 余文华, 陈炳耀, 张泽钧, 周材权, 吴诗宝, 张立, 陈中正, 陈顺德, 邓怀庆, 江廷磊, 张礼标, 石红艳, 卢学理, 李权, 刘铸, 崔雅倩, 李玉春. 2021. 中国兽类名录(2021版). 兽类学报, 41 (5):487-501.

[1]	胡娟, 谢培根, 李婷婷, 郭瑞, 许丽娟, 宋虓, 徐爱春. 同域分布的黑麂和小麂的时空生态位分化[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(6): 641-651.
[2]	郭桢杉, 黄金燕, 侯金, 向姣, 刘巅, 张晋东. 基于红外相机研究野生动物对地震灾害体的利用特征[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(6): 665-676.
[3]	陈熙尔, 殷丽洁, 秦大公, 姚锦仙, 李小雨, 潘文石. 非人灵长类种群数量调查方法综述[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(6): 716-727.
[4]	陈红, 吉晟男, 张勘, 王大勇, 胡杰, 李艳红. 小相岭山系大中型兽类多样性的红外相机调查[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(4): 461-470.
[5]	杨光美, 李佳琦, 张明明, 胡灿实, 粟海军. 贵州坡岗喀斯特森林自然保护区红外相机兽类和鸟类监测及活动节律分析[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(3): 325-338.
[6]	谢培根, 胡娟, 李婷婷, 郭瑞, 许丽娟, 宋虓, 李佳琦, 徐爱春. 浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区野猪空间分布及活动节律[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(2): 168-176.
[7]	陈尔骏, 官天培, 李晟. 四川岷山小麂的种群性比、社会结构和活动节律[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(1): 1-11.
[8]	李乔明, 勾伟, 姬程鹏, 肖文宏, 陈斯侃, 肖治术. 贵州大沙河国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性的红外相机监测初探[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(1): 108-117.
[9]	苏宇晗, 蔡琼, 朱自煜, 何祥博, 刘雪华, Melissa Songer. 利用红外相机技术监测道路对野生动物丰富度的影响——以观音山国家级自然保护区道路为例[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(1): 49-57.
[10]	邵瑞清, 李言阔, 钟毅峰, 吴和平, 罗晓敏, 熊宇, 曹开强. 基于红外相机技术的江西马头山国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类物种多样性监测初报[J]. 兽类学报, 2021, 41(6): 706-713.
[11]	满都呼, 袁帅, 杨素文, 纪羽, 朝克图, 伟军, 付和平, 武晓东. 东北鼢鼠活动强度及其与土壤温度和湿度的关系[J]. 兽类学报, 2021, 41(4): 441-450.
[12]	刘明星, 陈星, 侯星羽, 黎运喜, 蒋文龙, 杨孔, 李晟, 官天培. 王朗国家级自然保护区岩羊集群结构及季节变化[J]. 兽类学报, 2021, 41(3): 321-329.
[13]	施小刚, 史晓昀, 胡强, 冯茜, 金森龙, 程跃红, 张静, 姚蒙, 李晟. 四川邛崃山脉雪豹与赤狐时空生态位关系[J]. 兽类学报, 2021, 41(2): 115-127.
[14]	姚维, 汪国海, 林建忠, 龙继凤, 李佳琦, 周岐海. 同域分布鼬獾和食蟹獴活动节律的比较[J]. 兽类学报, 2021, 41(2): 128-135.
[15]	马堆芳, 孙章运, 胡大志, 安蓓, 陈刘阳, 张德喜, 董凯, 张立勋. 基于红外相机技术对甘肃祁连山国家级自然保护区哺乳动物多样性的初步调查[J]. 兽类学报, 2021, 41(1): 90-98.