基于红外相机技术的野生豹猫行为谱和PAE编码系统

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150713

兽类学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 270-279.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150713

基于红外相机技术的野生豹猫行为谱和PAE编码系统

刘玲¹, 肖爱刚², 赵铁建², 冯小梅², 沈素侠³, 卢宪旺³, 关洪武³, 赵大鹏¹()

^1.天津师范大学生命科学学院，天津 300387
^2.天津八仙山国家级自然保护区管理服务中心，天津 301909
^3.天津盘山风景名胜区管理服务中心，天津 301901

收稿日期:2022-07-05 接受日期:2023-01-04 出版日期:2023-05-31 发布日期:2023-05-18
通讯作者: 赵大鹏
作者简介:刘玲 (1999- )，女，本科生，主要从事野生动物资源保护研究.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31772468);中央财政林业补助资金项目-野生动物监测专项;生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测与评估项目;天津师范大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目

Behavioral ethogram and posture‒act‒environment coding system of wild Leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) based on infrared camera technology

Ling LIU¹, Aigang XIAO², Tiejian ZHAO², Xiaomei FENG², Suxia SHEN³, Xianwang LU³, Hongwu GUAN³, Dapeng ZHAO¹()

^1.College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
^2.Management Service Center of Tianjin Baxianshan National Nature Reserve, Tianjin 301909, China
^3.Management Service Center of Tianjin Panshan Scenic Spot, Tianjin 301901, China

Received:2022-07-05 Accepted:2023-01-04 Online:2023-05-31 Published:2023-05-18
Contact: Dapeng ZHAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2017年6月至2021年4月，本研究基于红外相机技术开展野生豹猫 (Prionailurus bengalensis) 行为谱和PAE编码系统行为谱的研究，同时比较分析该物种行为多样性的季节差异和年龄组差异。本研究共分辨记录了野生豹猫的8种姿势、39种动作、25种行为，建立了野生豹猫行为谱及其PAE编码系统。本研究发现野生豹猫的总体绝对行为多样性指数H_总和总体相对多样性指数r_总均在夏季最高而冬季最低。秋、冬两季的绝对行为多样性指数H和相对多样性指数r呈显著性差异 (H: Z = -2.023, P = 0.043; r: Z = -2.023, P = 0.043)；成体的总体绝对行为多样性指数H_总和总体相对多样性指数r_总均高于幼体，相对多样性指数r存在显著年龄组差异 (Z = -2.018, P = 0.044)。本研究结果将为今后野生豹猫的综合保护与管理提供科学参考依据。

关键词: 豹猫, 行为谱, PAE编码系统, 行为多样性

Abstract:

From June 2017 to April 2021, the behavioral ethogram and posture?act?environment (PAE) coding system of wild Leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) were investigated based on infrared camera technology. The behavioral diversity of wild leopard cats across seasons and age groups was also statistically analyzed. In this study, we identified and recorded 8 types of postures, 39 acts, and 25 behaviors of wild leopard cats and established the behavioral ethogram and PAE coding system for this species. We also found that the total absolute diversity index H_total and the total relative diversity index r_total of Leopard cats were the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. There was a significant difference between the absolute diversity index H and relative diversity index r in autumn and winter (H: Z = -2.023, P = 0.043; r: Z = -2.023, P = 0.043). The total absolute diversity index H_total and the total relative diversity index r_total of adults were higher than cubs, and there were significant age-group differences in the relative diversity index r (Z = -2.018, P = 0.044). These findings provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive protection of natural populations of wild leopard cats.

Key words: Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), Ethogram, PAE coding system, Behavioral diversity

中图分类号:

Q958.12

刘玲, 肖爱刚, 赵铁建, 冯小梅, 沈素侠, 卢宪旺, 关洪武, 赵大鹏. 基于红外相机技术的野生豹猫行为谱和PAE编码系统[J]. 兽类学报, 2023, 43(3): 270-279.

Ling LIU, Aigang XIAO, Tiejian ZHAO, Xiaomei FENG, Suxia SHEN, Xianwang LU, Hongwu GUAN, Dapeng ZHAO. Behavioral ethogram and posture‒act‒environment coding system of wild Leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) based on infrared camera technology[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 43(3): 270-279.

图/表 10

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姿势 Posture	编码 Codes	描述 Descriptions
站 Standing	1	四肢全部直立承重 All limbs erect
立 Rearing	2	仅后肢直立承重 Only the hindleg upright bearing
行 Walking	3	前后肢左右交错接触地面，身体缓慢向前发生位移 The forelimb and hindleg interlaced with the ground， and the body moved forward slowly
跑 Running	4	前后肢快速左右交错接触地面，身体快速向前发生位移 The forelimb and hindleg quickly interlaced with the ground， the body quickly moved forward
蹲 Squating	5	保持站立但臀部下倾，臀部与地面有一定距离 Keep standing but your hips lean down and your hips have a certain distance from the ground
坐 Sitting	6	后肢弯曲，臀部与地面直接接触 Bending hind legs， direct buttock contact with ground
卧 Lying	7	四肢弯曲，或前肢向前伸直，腹部与地面接触，头部不接触地面 Limbs bent， or forelimbs straight forward， abdomen touching ground， head not touching ground
跳 Jumping	8	两前肢或两后肢同时撑地，期间身体迅速离开地面，且身体向前发生位移 Both forelimbs or both hindlegs hold together， leaving the ground quickly and moving forward

姿势 Posture	编码 Codes	描述 Descriptions
站 Standing	1	四肢全部直立承重 All limbs erect
立 Rearing	2	仅后肢直立承重 Only the hindleg upright bearing
行 Walking	3	前后肢左右交错接触地面，身体缓慢向前发生位移 The forelimb and hindleg interlaced with the ground， and the body moved forward slowly
跑 Running	4	前后肢快速左右交错接触地面，身体快速向前发生位移 The forelimb and hindleg quickly interlaced with the ground， the body quickly moved forward
蹲 Squating	5	保持站立但臀部下倾，臀部与地面有一定距离 Keep standing but your hips lean down and your hips have a certain distance from the ground
坐 Sitting	6	后肢弯曲，臀部与地面直接接触 Bending hind legs， direct buttock contact with ground
卧 Lying	7	四肢弯曲，或前肢向前伸直，腹部与地面接触，头部不接触地面 Limbs bent， or forelimbs straight forward， abdomen touching ground， head not touching ground
跳 Jumping	8	两前肢或两后肢同时撑地，期间身体迅速离开地面，且身体向前发生位移 Both forelimbs or both hindlegs hold together， leaving the ground quickly and moving forward

动作 Acts	编码 Codes	动作 Acts	编码 Codes
头颈部 Head and neck		跳 Jumping	19
右转 Turning the head to the right	1	抬腿 Lifting the leg	20
左转 Turning the head to the left	2	前迈 Stepping forward	21
抬头 Raising the head	3	跑步 Running	22
低头 Lowering the head	4	直立 Standing	23
回头 Turning the head back	5	前肢伸直 Straightening the forelimb	24
前伸 Extending the head forward	6	前肢前伸 Stretching the forelimb forward	25
嘴部 Mouth		后肢弯曲 Bending the hindleg	26
舔 Licking	7	四肢弯曲 Bending all legs	27
衔 Holding in mouth	8	四肢站立 Standing	28
张嘴 Opening mouth	9	腰荐腹部 Hindquarter
哈欠 Yawning	10	排便 Defecating	29
眼鼻耳部 Eye， nose and ear		排尿 Urinating	30
注视 Stare	11	抬尾 Lifting the tail	31
眺望 Overlooking	12	翘尾 Raising the tail	32
瞪目 Staring eyes	13	尾下垂 Drooping the tail	33
眯眼 Squinting	14	左转身 Turning the body to the left	34
搜索 Searching	15	右转身 Turning the body to the right	35
嗅 Sniffing	16	匍匐 Crawling	36
四肢 Limbs		前冲 Rushing forward	37
刨 Planing	17	弯腰 Bending down	38
挠 Scratching	18	伸腰 Straightening the back	39

动作 Acts	编码 Codes	动作 Acts	编码 Codes
头颈部 Head and neck		跳 Jumping	19
右转 Turning the head to the right	1	抬腿 Lifting the leg	20
左转 Turning the head to the left	2	前迈 Stepping forward	21
抬头 Raising the head	3	跑步 Running	22
低头 Lowering the head	4	直立 Standing	23
回头 Turning the head back	5	前肢伸直 Straightening the forelimb	24
前伸 Extending the head forward	6	前肢前伸 Stretching the forelimb forward	25
嘴部 Mouth		后肢弯曲 Bending the hindleg	26
舔 Licking	7	四肢弯曲 Bending all legs	27
衔 Holding in mouth	8	四肢站立 Standing	28
张嘴 Opening mouth	9	腰荐腹部 Hindquarter
哈欠 Yawning	10	排便 Defecating	29
眼鼻耳部 Eye， nose and ear		排尿 Urinating	30
注视 Stare	11	抬尾 Lifting the tail	31
眺望 Overlooking	12	翘尾 Raising the tail	32
瞪目 Staring eyes	13	尾下垂 Drooping the tail	33
眯眼 Squinting	14	左转身 Turning the body to the left	34
搜索 Searching	15	右转身 Turning the body to the right	35
嗅 Sniffing	16	匍匐 Crawling	36
四肢 Limbs		前冲 Rushing forward	37
刨 Planing	17	弯腰 Bending down	38
挠 Scratching	18	伸腰 Straightening the back	39

行为 Behavior	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer		秋季 Autumn		冬季 Winter
行为 Behavior	绝对行为多样性指数H Absolute diversity index	相对多样性指数r Relative diversity index	绝对行为多样性指数H Absolute diversity index	相对多样性指数r Relative diversity index	绝对行为多样性指数H Absolute diversity index	相对多样性指数r Relative diversity index	绝对行为多样性指数H Absolute diversity index	相对多样性指数r Relative diversity index
总体 Total	1.96	0.42	2.78	0.60	2.62	0.56	1.89	0.41
通讯行为 Communication behavior	0.85	0.85	0.95	0.95	0.98	0.98	0.94	0.94
聚群行为 Aggregation behavior			1.45	0.91	1	0.63
休息行为 Resting behavior			1.35	0.58	1.49	0.64	0.95	0.41
运动行为 Locomotive behavior	0.57	0.24	0.87	0.38	0.72	0.31	0.40	0.17
其他行为 Other behavior			0.59	0.37	0.94	0.59	0.81	0.51

基于红外相机技术的野生豹猫行为谱和PAE编码系统

Behavioral ethogram and posture‒act‒environment coding system of wild Leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) based on infrared camera technology

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Metrics

年龄组 Age groups	成体 Adult		幼体 Cub
年龄组 Age groups	绝对行为多样性指数H Absolute diversity index	相对多样性指数r Relative diversity index	绝对行为多样性指数H Absolute diversity index	相对多样性指数r Relative diversity index
总体 Total	2.56	0.55	2.52	0.54
通讯行为 Communication behavior	1	1
聚群行为 Aggregation behavior	1.53	0.96	0.86	0.54
休息行为 Resting behavior	1.45	0.63
运动行为 Locomotive behavior	0.70	0.30	1.45	0.62
其他行为 Other behavior	1.08	0.68

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