Difference of gut microbial structure between Rhinopithecus brelichi and Macaca thibetana in Fanjingshan Nature Reserve

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150837

Abstract

Abstract: Gut microbial are closely related to animal health. Gut microbiota has evolved with the host and formed a complex microecosystem with the gastrointestinal tract of animals. To compare the Rhinopithecus brelichi and Macaca thibetana on gut microbial composition and functions, a total of 42 winter fresh feces samples were collected from Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve in China, and a 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing was performed. The results showed that the gut microbial Chao1 and Shannon indexes of R. brelichi were significantly higher than those in the M. thibetana (P < 0. 05). The β–diversity based on bray-curtis distance matrix found that there were some similarities and differences in the gut microbial community structure between the two groups. At the phylum level, Firmicutes was the dominant phylum, and the relative abundance of R. brelichi was higher than that of M. thibetana. At the genus level, except Acinetobacter and Oscillospira, which were relatively abundant, the other dominant bacterial genera were different between the two species. LEfSe analysis showed that the microorganisms like Coprococcus, Blautia, and Akkermansia related to metabolic pathway had significantly different relative abundance between the two species. Functional prediction of PICRUSt showed that the gut of the two groups of microorganisms were mainly involved in metabolism, genetic information processing, environmental information processing, and cellular processes. At level 2, there were 3 types of metabolic pathways with significant differences (P < 0. 05). Different species and numbers of individuals and different food sources of the two primates resulted in significant differences in gut microbiota composition and characteristics of R. brelichi and M. thibetan in the Fanjingshan. PICRUSt functional prediction showed that there were significant differences in the abundance of functional genes of gut microbiota in the two groups, suggesting that the two groups could adapt to the changes of in food resources by adjusting their gut microbiota. These results can provide a scientific basis for future in-depth study of the gut microbiome of the two primate species with highly overlapping ecological niches, and also have a certain reference value and practical significance for the establishment of artificial protection intervention measures for the two species in the field.

Key words: Rhinopithecus brelichi, Macaca thibetana, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, Gut microbial, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, PICRUSt function prediction

摘要： 肠道微生物与动物的健康密切相关，动物肠道微生物伴随宿主进化并与胃肠道构成复杂的微生态系统。为探究梵净山同域分布的黔金丝猴 (Rhinopithecus brelichi) 和藏酋猴 (Macaca thibetana) 的肠道微生物组成和功能差异，本研究采集两个物种冬季粪便样本进行 16S rRNA 基因高通量测序。结果显示，藏酋猴肠道微生物 Chao1 和Shannon 指数都显著高于黔金丝猴 (P < 0. 05)，基于 bray-curtis 距离矩阵的 β 多样性分析发现两者的肠道微生物群落结构存在一定相似性和差异性。门水平，厚壁菌门 (Firmicutes) 占两者肠道微生物的绝对优势，且藏酋猴相对丰度高于黔金丝猴；属水平，除相对丰度较高的不动杆菌属 (Acinetobacter) 和颤螺旋菌属 (Oscillospira) 外，其他优势菌属类群均不相同。LEfSe 分析发现粪球菌属 (Coprococcus)、布劳特氏菌属 (Blautia)、阿克曼菌属 (Akkermansia)等与代谢通路功能相关的微生物在两者之间差异显著。PICRUSt 功能预测分析表明，两者肠道微生物与新陈代谢、基因信息处理、环境信息处理和细胞过程等功能相关，Level2 水平，有 3 类代谢通路具有显著性差异 (P <0.05)。黔金丝猴与藏酋猴肠道微生物组成和群落特征差异较大，可能是由于同域觅食灵长类的种类、数量及食物来源不同。同时, PICRUSt 功能预测揭示了两者肠道微生物功能基因丰度的显著差异，表明两者可以通过调整自身肠道微生物组成来适应外界食物资源变化带来的挑战。该结果可为生态位高度重叠的两种灵长类肠道微生物的深入研究提供一定科学依据，也对两者开展野外人工保护干预措施的建立具有一定参考价值和现实意义。

关键词: 黔金丝猴, 藏酋猴, 梵净山, 肠道微生物, 16S rRNA基因测序, PICRUSt功能预测

CLC Number:

Q938.1

HUANG Xiaolong, LI Haibo, ZHANG Xu, CHENG Shaochuan, YAN Yuying, YANG Wei, MENG Bingshun, WANG Cheng, YANG Jie, RAN Jingcheng. Difference of gut microbial structure between Rhinopithecus brelichi and Macaca thibetana in Fanjingshan Nature Reserve[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2024, 44(2): 183-194.

黄小龙, 李海波, 张旭, 程绍传, 晏玉莹, 杨伟, 蒙秉顺, 王丞, 杨杰, 冉景丞. 梵净山同域分布黔金丝猴与藏酋猴的肠道微生物结构差异[J]. 兽类学报, 2024, 44(2): 183-194.

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