Abstract: The spatial distribution of species and habitat suitability play an important role in the research on interspecific relationships, as well as research on relationships between species and environment. We evaluated and predicted the suitable habitats of four ungulates, Elaphodus cephalophus, Muntiacus reevesi, Pricornis milneedwardsii and Sus scrofa, distributed in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve. Species occurrence data was based on the monitoring data by infrared cameras deployed in the study area from 2017 to 2022 and we used MaxEnt to model the suitable habitat for each species. The results showed that (1) the suitable habitats for Elaphodus cephalophus were mainly distributed in the eastern part of the reserve, covering an area of 19 993.17 hm², accounting for 46.1% of the protected area. The suitable habitats for Muntiacus reevesi covered an area of 15 470.97 hm² ( 35.6% of the protected area), distributed in the northern and southern parts of the reserve. The suitable habitats for Capricornis milneedwardsii were mainly distributed in the northern and eastern parts of the reserve, covering an area of 13 884.78 hm² (32.0% of the protected area), and the suitable habitats for Sus scrofa covered an area of 20 339.98 hm² (46.9% of the protected area), mainly distributed in the northern, eastern and southern parts of the reserve. (2) The suitable habitats of all four ungulates were mainly distributed in the core area of Fanjingshan Reserve. (3) The distribution of Elaphodus cephalophus was mainly influenced by altitude and vegetation type and the distribution of Capricornis milneedwardsii was mainly influenced by altitude, mean diurnal air temperature range and vegetation type. The characteristics of suitable habitats for Muntiacus reevesi and Sus scrofa were relatively similar, affected by mean diurnal air temperature range, isothermality and slope. In general, the distribution of suitable habitats for these four ungulates in Fanjingshan Reserve was the result of the interaction among the biological properties of species, natural environment, human activities and interspecific relationships. These results provide some insight into habitat suitability characteristics and influencing factors of ungulates in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve.

Key words: Suitable habitat, MaxEnt, Ungulates, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve

摘要： 物种的空间分布与栖息地适宜性是开展种间关系、物种与环境关系等研究的重要基础。本研究基于2017—2022年在梵净山国家级自然保护区开展的红外相机监测和调查数据，使用MaxEnt模型对毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)、小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)、中华鬣羚(Capricornis milneedwardsii)和野猪(Sus scrofa)的适宜栖息地进行评估和预测，以期深入了解梵净山保护区有蹄类动物栖息地适宜性特征及影响因素。结果表明：(1)毛冠鹿的适宜栖息地面积为19 993.17 hm²，占保护区面积的46.1%，主要分布于梵净山保护区的东部；小麂的适宜栖息地面积为15 470.97 hm²，占保护区面积的35.6%，主要分布于梵净山保护区的北部和南部；中华鬣羚的适宜栖息地面积为13 884.78 hm²，占保护区面积的32.0%，主要分布于梵净山保护区的北部和东部；野猪的适宜栖息地面积为20 339.98 hm²，占保护区面积的46.9%，主要分布于梵净山保护区的北部、东部和南部。(2)4种有蹄类动物的适宜栖息地均主要分布于保护区核心区。(3)毛冠鹿的分布主要受海拔和植被类型的影响；中华鬣羚的分布主要受海拔、平均气温日较差和植被类型的影响；小麂和野猪的分布主要受平均气温日较差、等温性和坡度的影响，两者的适宜栖息地特征也更为相似。总之，梵净山保护区有蹄类动物的适宜栖息地分布是物种自身特性与自然环境、人类活动以及种间关系相互作用的结果。

关键词: 适宜栖息地, MaxEnt模型, 有蹄类动物, 梵净山国家级自然保护区