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长爪沙鼠在作物秋收期的行为适应特征及其生态治理对策

刘伟 钟文勤 宛新荣 王广和   

  1. 中国科学院动物研究所,北京
  • 出版日期:2006-05-31 发布日期:2008-07-07

THE BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MONGOLIAN GERBILS MERIONES UNGUICULATUS AND THE ECOLOGICAL STRATEGIES OF CONTROLLING DURING AUTUMN HARVEST

LIU Wei,ZHONG Wenqin,WAN Xinrong,WANG Guanghe,JIANG Yaqin,LIU Wendong   

  • Online:2006-05-31 Published:2008-07-07

摘要: 采用标志重捕方法并结合挖仓及相应的洞口调查研究了长爪沙鼠(Meriones unguiculatus)在作物秋收期的行为适应特征,并通过田间分隔实验获得了长爪沙鼠季节性迁移的直接证据。研究结果表明,在作物秋收期该鼠具有特征性贮食活动,其贮食种类及贮食量随田间收割和运场进度的不同而有明显差异。且此期生境迁移明显,显示主动迁移和胁迫迁移两类空间行为模式。这些适应性行为特征与秋收期农田种子资源及其可获得性的变化以及农业措施密切相关。据此,结合当地秋收期的农作措施,着重从干扰长爪沙鼠贮食行为及控制冬贮种子资源量的途径,提出以行为管理为主的生态治理对策。

关键词: 长爪沙鼠, 贮食活动, 迁移, 种子食物的可获得性, 行为管理, 生态治理

Abstract: Characteristics of storing food and migration were measured in a wild low-density (16-22 hm2) population of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus ) during autumn harvest. Investigating food storehouse in different farmland with different rate of harvest progress, the authors found Mongolian gerbils in the farmlands in which crop were reaped late and piled for long time ( > 14 d) stored more grain than grass seeds. So did not individuals in the farmlands in which crop were reaped early and piled for a little time (<7 d). There were two space behavioral patterns. One was initiative migration that Mongolian gerbils immigrated to farmland during the crop maturing in autumn (about early September), and the other was coercive migration that individuals emigrated from farmland when farmlands were ploughed. By the mark-recapture technique to census the population in sample plots, it was found that the direct evidence on the autumn initiative migration of Meriones unguiculatus. These behavioral characteristics closely combined with seeds-food availability in cultivated field in autumn and local agricultural measures. To make rational use of local to possibly decrease the resource of seed food of gerbils in farmland, emphatically disturbed gerbils’ food store activity and migration were important strategies of behavioral management for acquiring the continuous ecological control benefit.

Key words: Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), Storing food, Migration, Seeds-food availability, Behavioral management, Ecological control