关键词: 林麝行为, 时间分配, 频次, 昼夜节律

Abstract: Twelve captive adult forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii)(8♀,4♂)around 3-4 years old were observed from February to March, 2006 in the Dongping Musk Deer Farm of the Chongming Island, Shanghai. For observation, the cinematograph (IKENO/ OK - 203ND)with infrared was used for recording a continuous cycle of 24 hours. Focal sampling and all-occurrences recording were used for data sampling of the video recording. A total of 37 different kinds of behaviors were identified and grouped into six behavioral types according by physiology, i.e. resting behavior, feeding behavior, locomotive behavior, social behavior, maintenance behavior and elimination behavior. An ethogram of springtime behavior was then established for the musk deer. Independent-samples t tests and paired-samples t tests were used to analyze the date on time budgets and the frequencies of the six behavioral types. The date were showed as Mean±Std. Deviation. The results showed that the ethogram of forest musk deer revealed species characteristics. Resting behavior was the main behavior of the captive musk deer. The duration of resting behavior was high and the frequency was low. Females spent more time feeding and less time in locomotion than did males. The energy reservations were due to female pregnancy. Double activity peaks were found in daily activity rhythms. The first one happened at dawn (4:00 - 6:00),and the other happened at dusk (17:00 - 19:00). The observations also showed that musk deer were more active at night than in the daytime. The rhythm of feeding behavior had no relation with the time of provided food. The time pattern of feeding also met the high energy requirements of female musk deer in spring. In conclusion, the activity pattern of forest musk deer in the spring was caused by the common impact of short-term energy strategy and wild habit.

Key words: Activity frequency, Behaviors, Daily activity rhythm, Forest musk deer (Moschus berezorskii), Time budget