关键词: 羚牛, 防御行为, 警觉, 示警, 逃跑, 分群, 护幼, 攻击

Abstract: Observations on defending behaviors of golden takin (Budorcas tax icolor) were conducted whenever it is possible in the Foping National Natural Reserve in the Shaanxi Province located in 33°32′～ 33°43′N , 107°40′～ 107°55′E。Four basic ways of defending，behaviors were recorded, in general detecting, alerting, alarming, and defending, from 31 solitary and 41 groups of takins encountered in the field from August 1995 to August 1996.
Takins detect dangers from their visual, olfactory, and auditory sen se, but they much more relay on their hearing ability comparing to visual and olfactory sense (28 vs.12) since they inhab it in the forests. The golden takins are very sensitive to any unusual sounds and object ives and show an alert ing behavior in w h ich they stand still and erect their ears. Duration of alert ing behavior was 18126±18108 s (n= 34). All individuals can make a strong noise, sound like“fu- - ”, from their nose andöor make an action to deliver alarm signals when they encounter enemies, but alarm s from calves, yearlings,and two year subadults are often ignored by others with in the samegroup. Defending behavior is composed of 5 specific behaviors, getting closer, threat, attack, antipredation, and flight. Among 72 cases of encountering takins in the field, 69of them are running away. Takins w ill sometimes leave their home range for a while (from a few hours to 22 days) and travel as long as 5 kilometers about when they are threatened, but they will come back after. Group splitting can be ob served if the group is formed by more than 10 individuals when they take flight. The possibilities of group splitting will be increase as the group size getting larger. Takins will show an antipredation behavior if calves are in the groups when they are threatened in the field. The solitary takin is more dangerous than those in group.

Key words: Golden takin (Budorcas taxicolor), Defending behavior, Alert, Alarm, Flight, Group splitting, Antipredation, Attack