非人灵长类和鹦鹉脑大小与多样化速率间的全球趋同关系

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150996

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 非人灵长类动物和鹦鹉演化出了相较于其近亲更为卓越的认知能力。这种认知优势能够提高它们对新环境的适应能力，并促进其生态位的扩张，从而推动物种的多样化。然而，在全球范围内，这两个类群中脑大小与多样化之间的关系仍然未知。本研究基于全球283种非人灵长类动物和201种鹦鹉的大脑数据集，通过系统发育和空间分析方法发现，虽然这两个类群的脑大小与多样化速率的全球分布模式完全相反，但在空间分布上却存在趋同的相关性。与以往在物种水平上的研究结果不同，本研究发现气候特征对相对脑大小的影响非常微弱。此外，鹦鹉的相对脑大小与其受威胁风险的空间分布之间也存在着显著的正相关关系。本研究揭示了脊椎动物不同谱系中，脑大小演化的相似性对物种多样化速率的空间分布起着相似的作用，并提示了分布有较大脑的鹦鹉的区域应给予更多的关注与保护。

关键词: 脑容量, 趋同演化, 多样化速率, 非人灵长类, 鹦鹉

Abstract: Non-human primates and parrots have convergently evolved remarkable cognitive abilities compared to their close relatives. This advantage can facilitate ecological niche expansion and adaptation to new environments, thereby spurring species diversification. However, the connection between brain size and diversification rate on a global scale remains unknown in these two clades. Here, based on a brain dataset comprising 283 primate and 201 parrot species, we used phylogenetic and spatial analysis methods to uncover a convergently coupled relationship between relative brain mass and diversification rate, despite the opposing global patterns observed in primates and parrots. Climate factors exhibit a statistically significant but weak effect on relative brain size, which contrasts with previous findings at the species level. Furthermore, there is a significant positive association between the relative brain size and threat risk in the spatial distribution of parrots. Our results demonstrate that the evolutionary similarity in brain size plays a crucial role in shaping the spatial patterns of diversification rate across species, highlighting the need for increased concern and protection of regions with larger brain sizes.

Key words: Brain size, Convergent evolution, Diversification, Non-human primate, Parrot

中图分类号:

Q951

张一舟, 姚永芳, 肖洪涛, 解萌, 武佳韵, 倪庆永, 杨盛智, 徐怀亮, 熊鹰. 非人灵长类和鹦鹉脑大小与多样化速率间的全球趋同关系[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(4): 438-445.

ZHANG Yizhou, YAO Yongfang, XIAO Hongtao, XIE Meng, WU Jiayun, NI Qingyong, YANG Shengzhi, XU Huailiang, XIONG Ying. Globally convergent relationships between relative brain mass and diversification rate in non-human primates and parrots[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 45(4): 438-445.

参考文献

Allen J A. 1877. The influence of physical conditions in the genesis of species [J]. Radical Review, 1: 108-140.
Bergmann C. 1848. Über die Verhältnisse der Wärmeökonomie der Thiere zu ihrer Grösse [M]. Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht.
Biro D, Inoue-Nakamura N, Tonooka R, Yamakoshi G, Sousa C, Matsuzawa T. 2003. Cultural innovation and transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees, evidence from field experiments [J]. Animal Cognition, 6: 213-223.
Blinkov S M, Glezer I A I. 1968. The Human Brain in Figures and Tables: A Quantitative Handbook [M]. Basic Books, New York.
Bradbury J W, Balsby T J. 2016. The functions of vocal learning in parrots [J]. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 70: 293-312.
Brown J H, Gillooly J F, Allen A P, Savage V M, West G B. 2004. Toward a metabolic theory of ecology [J]. Ecology, 85: 1771-1789.
Chan D T C, Poon E S K, Wong A T C, Sin S Y W. 2021. Global trade in parrots-influential factors of trade and implications for conservation [J]. Global Ecology and Conservation, 30. DOI: 10. 1016/j. gecco. 2021. e01784.
Chen J, Zou Y, Sun Y H, Ten Cate C. 2019. Problem-solving males become more attractive to female budgerigars [J]. Science, 363:166-167.
Drummond A J, Suchard M A, Xie D, Rambaut A. 2012. Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1. 7 [J]. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 29: 1969-1973.
Ducatez S, Sol D, Sayol F, Lefebvre L. 2020. Behavioural plasticity is associated with reduced extinction risk in birds [J]. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4: 788-793.
Eliason C M, McCullough J M, Andersen M J, Hackett S J. 2021. Accelerated brain shape evolution is associated with rapid diversification in an avian radiation [J]. The American Naturalist, 197:576-591.
Fristoe T S, Iwaniuk A N, Botero C A. 2017. Big brains stabilize populations and facilitate colonization of variable habitats in birds [J]. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1: 1706-1715.
Fukushima C S, Mammola S, Cardoso P. 2020. Global wildlife trade permeates the tree of life [J]. Biological Conservation, 247: DOI:10. 1016/j. biocon. 2020. 108503.
Glazier D S. 2015. Is metabolic rate a universal‘pacemaker’for biological processes? [J]. Biological Reviews, 90: 377-407.
Hadfield J D. 2010. MCMC Methods for Multi-Response Generalized Linear Mixed Models, The MCMCglmm R Package [CP]. Journal of Statistical Software, 33: 1-22.
Hijmans R J, Cameron S E, Parra J L, Jones P G, Jarvis A. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas [J]. International Journal of Climatology, 25: 1965-1978.
Iwaniuk A N, Nelson J E. 2002. Can endocranial volume be used as an estimate of brain size in birds? [J]. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 80: 16-23.
Jenkins C N, Pimm S L, Joppa L N. 2013. Global patterns of terrestrial vertebrate diversity and conservation [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110: E2602-E2610.
Jetz W, Thomas G H, Joy J B, Hartmann K, Mooers A O. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time [J]. Nature, 4:444-448.
Ksepka D T, Balanoff A M, Smith N A, Bever G S, Bhullar B A S, Bourdon E, Braun E L, Burleigh J G, Clarke J A, Colbert M W. 2020. Tempo and pattern of avian brain size evolution [J]. Current Biology, 30: 2026-2036.
Lefebvre L, Reader S M, Sol D. 2004. Brains, innovations and evolution in birds and primates [J]. Brain Behavior and Evolution, 63:233-246.
Martin R O, Senni C, D’Cruze N C. 2018. Trade in wild-sourced African grey parrots, Insights via social media [J]. Global Ecology and Conservation, 15. DOI: 10. 1016/j. gecco. 2018. e00429.
Miller R, Boeckle M, Jelbert S A, Frohnwieser A, Wascher C A, Clayton N S. 2019. Self‐control in crows, parrots and nonhuman primates [J]. Cognitive Science, 10. DOI: 10. 1002/wcs. 1504.
Morales P A, Mundry R, Auersperg A M, Boeving E R, Boucherie P H, Bugnyar T, Dufour V, Emery N J, Federspiel I G, Gajdon G K. 2020. Why preen others? Predictors of allopreening in parrots and corvids and comparisons to grooming in great apes [J]. Ethology, 126: 207-228.
Olkowicz S, Kocourek M, Lučan R K, Porteš M, Fitch W T, Herculano-Houzel S, Němec P. 2016. Birds have primate-like numbers of neurons in the forebrain [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113: 7255-7260.
Paradis E, Claude J, Strimmer K. 2004. APE, analyses of phylogenetics and evolution in R language [J]. Bioinformatics, 20: 289-290.
Péron F, Rat-Fischer L, Lalot M, Nagle L, Bovet D. 2011. Cooperative problem solving in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) [J]. Animal Cognition, 14: 545-553.
Pires S F. 2012. The illegal parrot trade, a literature review [J]. Global Crime, 13: 176-190.
Qi X G, Wu J, Zhao L, Wang L, Guang X, Garber P A, Opie C, Yuan Y Diao R, Li G. 2023. Adaptations to a cold climate promoted social evolution in Asian colobine primates [J]. Science, 380(6648). DOI: 10. 1126/science. abl8621.
Raven P H, Gereau R E, Phillipson P B, Chatelain C, Jenkins C N, Ulloa C U. 2020. The distribution of biodiversity richness in the tropics [J]. Science Advances, 6. DOI: 10. 1126/sciadv. abc6228.
Revell L J. 2012. phytools, an R package for phylogenetic comparative biology (and other things) [J]. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3: 217-223.
Sayol F, Downing P A, Iwaniuk A N, Maspons J, Sol D. 2018. Predictable evolution towards larger brains in birds colonizing oceanic islands [J]. Nature Communications, 9. DOI: 10. 1038/s41467-018-05280-8.
Sayol F, Lapiedra O, Ducatez S, Sol D. 2019. Larger brains spur species diversification in birds [J]. Evolution, 73: 2085-2093.
Sayol F, Maspons J, Lapiedra O, Iwaniuk A N, Székely T, Sol D. 2016. Environmental variation and the evolution of large brains in birds [J]. Nature Communications, 7. DOI: 10. 1038/ncomms13971.
Scheffers B R, Oliveira B F, Lamb I, Edwards D P. 2019. Global wildlife trade across the tree of life [J]. Science, 366: 71-76.
Sheard C, Neate-Clegg M H, Alioravainen N, Jones S E, Vincent C, MacGregor H E, Bregman T P, Claramunt S, Tobias J A. 2020.
Ecological drivers of global gradients in avian dispersal inferred from wing morphology [J]. Nature Communications, 11. DOI:10. 1038/s41467-020-16313-6.
Smaers J B, Rothman R S, Hudson D R, Balanoff A M, Beatty B, Dechmann D K, de Vries D, Dunn J C, Fleagle J G, Gilbert C C. 2021. The evolution of mammalian brain size [J]. Science Advances, 7. DOI: 10. 1126/sciadv. abe2101.
Sol D, Duncan R P, Blackburn T M, Cassey P, Lefebvre L. 2005a. Big brains, enhanced cognition, and response of birds to novel environments [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102: 5460-5465.
Sol D, Lefebvre L, Rodríguez-Teijeiro J D. 2005b. Brain size, innovative propensity and migratory behaviour in temperate Palaearctic birds [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences, 272: 1433-1441.
Sol D, Székely T, Liker A, Lefebvre L. 2007. Big-brained birds survive better in nature [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society BBiological Sciences, 274: 763-769.
Sol D, Timmermans S, Lefebvre L. 2002. Behavioural flexibility and invasion success in birds [J]. Animal Behaviour, 63: 495-502.
Title P O, Rabosky D L. 2019. Tip rates, phylogenies and diversification, what are we estimating, and how good are the estimates? [J]. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 10: 821-834.
Tobias J A, Sheard C, Pigot A L, Devenish A J, Yang J, Sayol F, NeateClegg M H, Alioravainen N, Weeks T L, Barber R A. 2022. Avonet, morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds [J]. Ecology Letters, 25: 581-597.
Tsuboi M, van der Bijl W, Kopperud B T, Erritzøe J, Voje K L, Kotrschal A, Yopak K E, Collin S P, Iwaniuk A N, Kolm N. 2018. Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals [J]. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2:1492-1500.
Upham N S, Esselstyn J A, Jetz W. 2019. Inferring the mammal tree, species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation [J]. PLoS Biology, 17. DOI: 10. 1371/journal. pbio. 3000494.
van der Bijl W, Thyselius M, Kotrschal A, Kolm N. 2015. Brain size affects the behavioural response to predators in female guppies(Poecilia reticulata) [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society BBiological Sciences, 282. DOI: 10. 1098/rspb. 2015. 1132.
Visalberghi E, Fragaszy D M, Savage-Rumbaugh S. 1995. Performance in a tool-using task by common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), bonobos (Pan paniscus), an orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), and capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) [J]. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 109. DOI: 10. 1037/0735-7036. 109. 1. 52.
Wirthlin M, Lima N C, Guedes R L M, Soares A E, Almeida L G P, Cavaleiro N P, de Morais G L, Chaves A V, Howard J T, de Melo Teixeira M. 2018. Parrot genomes and the evolution of heightened longevity and cognition [J]. Current Biology, 28: 4001-4008.
Xiong Y, Fan L Q, Hao Y, Cheng Y L, Chang Y B, Wang J, Lin H Y, Song G, Qu Y H, Lei F M. 2020. Physiological and genetic convergence supports hypoxia resistance in high-altitude songbirds [J]. PLoS Genetics, 16. DOI: 10. 1371/journal.pgen. 1009270.
Xiong Y, Hao Y, Cheng Y L, Fan L Q, Song G, Li D M, Qu Y H, Lei F M. 2021. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals pectoralis highland adaptation across altitudinal songbirds [J]. Integrative Zoology, 17: 1162-1178.
Xiong Y, Lei F M. 2021. SLC2A12 of SLC2 gene family in bird provides functional compensation for the loss of SLC2A4 gene in other vertebrates [J]. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38: 1276-1291.
Xiong Y, Rozzi R, Zhang Y Z, Fan L Q, Zhao J D, Li D M, Yao Y F, Xiao H T, Liu J, Zeng X Y, Xu H L, Jiang Y, Lei F M. 2024. Convergent evolution toward a slow pace of life predisposes insular endotherms to anthropogenic extinctions [J]. Science Advances, 10 (28). DOI: 10. 1126/sciadv. adm8240.

[1]	李毅, 王奕凯, 骆畅, 叶秀林, 吴忠荣, 匡中帆, 赵序茅. 贵阳市人猴冲突及其时空分布[J]. 兽类学报, 2024, 44(4): 449-455.
[2]	林锦煌, 姚辉, 吴锋, 向左甫. 色彩信号在非人灵长类动物性选择中的作用[J]. 兽类学报, 2024, 44(1): 103-117.
[3]	李念隆, 赵海涛, 李炜, 王晓卫, 王程亮, 牟俊洁, 李保国. 非人灵长类的个性研究进展[J]. 兽类学报, 2024, 44(1): 118-128.
[4]	郭秋艳, 韦晓, 陆媚静, 范鹏来, 周岐海. 非人灵长类肠道微生物研究进展与展望[J]. 兽类学报, 2023, 43(1): 69-81.
[5]	李明文. 非人灵长类动物种质冷冻保存研究进展和展望[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(6): 728-740.
[6]	吴林林郭松涛齐晓光张培李保国. 非人灵长类的亲缘选择[J]. , 2013, 33(3): 267-273.
[7]	张鹏. 非人灵长类的杀婴行为及其适应意义[J]. , 2011, 31(2): 185-194.
[8]	张鹏,渡边邦夫. 饲养条件下非人灵长类的营养需求[J]. , 2010, 30(1): 87-98.
[9]	赵迎春　苏彦捷. 非人灵长类动物的警报叫声[J]. , 2005, 25(1): 81-85.