不同养殖场林麝肠道微生物组成和功能的差异
收稿日期: 2022-06-06
录用日期: 2022-10-20
网络出版日期: 2023-03-23
基金资助
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA23060602);青海省重点研发与转化计划(2019-SF-150);中国科学院-青海省人民政府三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-01)
Comparative analysis of gut microbial composition and functions of forest musk deer in different breeding centres
Received date: 2022-06-06
Accepted date: 2022-10-20
Online published: 2023-03-23
肠道疾病是养殖林麝 (Moschus berezovskii) 常见疾病。动物肠道微生物伴随宿主进化并与胃肠道构成了复杂的微生态系统。为探究不同饲养环境对圈养林麝肠道微生物组成和功能的影响，本研究对采自国内5个不同养殖场的215份粪便样品进行了16S rRNA基因高通量测序，对比分析不同养殖场林麝肠道微生物组成、多样性和功能的差异。结果显示，厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门是未喂食复合益生菌的祁连县养殖场林麝肠道菌群的绝对优势菌门，而喂食复合益生菌的甘肃两当县和陕西凤县的4家养殖场林麝肠道菌群的绝对优势菌门为厚壁菌门和变形菌门。不同养殖场林麝肠道菌群组成、优势菌门、优势菌属、潜在致病菌、代谢及疾病相关功能均有显著差异。祁连县养殖场林麝肠道微生物的α多样性和疾病相关功能表达量显著低于其他养殖场，并以肠型2为主，其主导菌为厚壁菌门、UCG-005和拟杆菌属；两当县和凤县的4家养殖场林麝肠道菌群潜在致病菌相对丰度较低。本研究推测食物组成差异可能是导致不同养殖场林麝肠道微生物差异的主要因素，复合益生菌的使用可能是导致α多样性和潜在致病菌下降的重要因素。该结果可为林麝的人工养殖和有效管理提供科学依据，也对人工饲养环境评估和未来的再引入计划具有一定指导意义。
关键词： 林麝; 肠道微生物; 功能; 多样性; 16S rRNA基因测序
江峰 , 宋鹏飞 , 张婧捷 , 高红梅 , 汪海静 , 蔡振媛 , 刘道鑫 , 张同作 . 不同养殖场林麝肠道微生物组成和功能的差异[J]. 兽类学报, 2023 , 43(2) : 129 -140 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150701
Intestinal diseases are common in the breeding of forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii, FMD). Gut microbiota has evolved with the host and formed a complex microecosystem with the gastrointestinal tract of animals. To compare the effects of different breeding environments on gut microbial composition and functions of captive FMD, a total of 215 fresh feces samples were collected from 5 different breeding centres in China, and a 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing was performed. The differences in gut microbial composition, diversity, and functions of FMD from different breeding centres were analyzed. The results showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroides were the absolute dominant bacteria phyla in the gut microbiota of FMD fed without compound probiotics from Qilian County, while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the absolute dominant bacteria in the gut microbiota of FMD fed with compound probiotics from Liangdang County and Feng County. The composition, dominant bacteria phyla, dominant bacteria genera, potential pathogenic bacteria, metabolism-related, and disease-related functions of gut microbiota in FMD from different breeding centres were significantly different. The α diversity and disease-related function enrichment of gut microbiota in FMD from Qilian were significantly lower than those from other breeding centres, and enterotype 2 was dominant, with Firmicutes, UCG-005,and Bacteroides as the marker bacteria. The relative abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria of gut microbiota in FMD from Liangdang and Feng Counties was low. We speculated that the difference in food composition might be the main factor leading to the difference in the gut microbiota of FMD from different breeding centres, and the use of compound probiotics might be an important factor leading to the decrease of α diversity and potential pathogenic bacteria. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the artificial breeding management of FMD, and also have certain significance for the assessment of the artificial breeding environment and the plan of reintroduction in the future.
Key words： Forest musk deer; Gut microbiota; Functions; Diversity; 16S rRNA gene sequencing
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