圈养成年雄性大熊猫不同采食期维生素及矿物元素营养状况分析
收稿日期: 2022-05-17
录用日期: 2022-11-28
网络出版日期: 2023-05-18
基金资助
四川省林业和草原局大熊猫主食竹种质资源引种示范项目(510201202109801);圈养成年大熊猫碘营养状况调查(2021CPB-B07);四川省中央引导地方科技发展专项(2020ZYD061)
Analysis of the nutritional status of vitamins and trace elements in adult male captive giant pandas at different feeding stages
Received date: 2022-05-17
Accepted date: 2022-11-28
Online published: 2023-05-18
大熊猫在野外食物选择的广泛性远大于圈养个体。均衡饮食对于大熊猫异地保护至关重要，其中包括适当水平的微量营养素。评估圈养大熊猫不同采食期的营养状况，有助于构建科学的大熊猫饲养策略。本研究选取7只健康成年圈养大熊猫，依次饲喂竹叶 (竹叶采食期) 和竹笋 (竹笋采食期)。竹叶采食期进行3次饲喂实验，竹笋采食期进行2次饲喂实验，每次饲喂实验持续3 d，每次饲喂实验间隔28 d。实验期间记录大熊猫的日采食量，测定竹子的维生素含量并查阅其矿物元素含量，从而比较大熊猫在不同采食期的维生素和矿物元素日摄入量。各采食期结束时采集大熊猫血样，测定血清中13种维生素和10种矿物元素水平。结果发现：与竹叶相比，竹笋的VA、VE、VK1、烟酸、吡哆醛及吡哆醇含量显著下降，VB5和VB12含量显著增加 (P < 0.05)。与竹叶采食期相比，竹笋采食期大熊猫的VE、VK1、Ca、Fe、Cu和Mn日摄入量显著降低，VB5、VB6、VB7、VB12、Mg和Zn日摄入量显著上升 (P < 0.05)；竹笋采食期大熊猫血清的VB2、Cr和Se水平显著下降，VE、VK1、VB5、VB7、VB9和VB12水平显著增加 (P < 0.05)。采食竹子不同部位可影响圈养大熊猫的维生素与微量元素摄入和血清水平。不同采食期微量营养状况的差异和规律可为圈养大熊猫日常饲养管理中竹子供给、营养补充提供理论依据。
李明喜 , 何欢柳 , 张皓 , 李翰 , 邓陶 , 陈敏 , 王海瑞 , 姚英 . 圈养成年雄性大熊猫不同采食期维生素及矿物元素营养状况分析[J]. 兽类学报, 2023 , 43(3) : 333 -341 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150691
In the wild, giant pandas have access to a broad range of dietary options, however, for captive individuals, dietary options are greatly reduced. Maintaining a balanced diet, which includes the appropriate levels of micronutrients, is essential to the ex-situ conservation of the giant panda. Evaluating the micronutrient status of captive giant pandas at different feeding stages is a necessary step in constructing a scientific feeding strategy for this iconic species. In this study, seven healthy adult captive giant pandas were selected and fed bamboo leaves (bamboo leaf stage) and bamboo shoots (bamboo shoots stage) in turn. Feeding tests were carried out three times during the bamboo leaf stage and twice during the shoot stage. Each feeding test lasted for three days and the interval between each feeding test was 28 days. During the tests, the daily food intake of the giant pandas was recorded, the vitamin content of the bamboo that was provided was measured and corresponding mineral content was referenced so as to compare the daily intake of vitamins and minerals during the different feeding stages. Blood samples were collected at the end of each feeding stage, and the serum levels of 13 vitamins and 10 minerals were determined. In bamboo shoots, the contents of VA, VE, VK1, nicotinic acid, pyridoxal and pyridoxine were lower, while the contents of VB5 and VB12 were higher than those in bamboo leaves (P < 0.05). Compared with the bamboo leaf stage, the daily intakes of VE, VK1, Ca, Fe, Cu and Mn decreased significantly, while the daily intakes of VB5, VB6, VB7, VB12, Mg and Zn increased significantly during the bamboo shoot stage (P < 0.05). Moreover, the serum levels of VB2, Cr and Se were lower, while the levels of VE, VK1, VB5, VB7, VB9 and VB12 were higher during the bamboo shoot stage (P < 0.05). The results showed that feeding different bamboo parts could affect both the intake and serum levels of vitamins and minerals of captive giant pandas. The differences and patterns of micro-nutrition status between different bamboo feeding stages can provide a theoretical basis for the provisioning of bamboo as well as the nutritional supplementation in the daily feeding and management of captive giant pandas.
Key words： Giant panda; Bamboo; Captive animal nutrition; Vitamin; Trace element
| null | Barkhidarian B, Roldos L M, Iskandar M M, Saedisomeolia A, Kubow S. 2021. Probiotic supplementation and micronutrient status in healthy subjects: a systematic review of clinical trials. Nutrients, 13 (3001): 2-20. |
| null | Curran?Everett D. 2000. Multiple comparisons: philosophies and illustrations. American Journal of Physiology, Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 279 (1): R1-R8. |
| null | Cutler D C, Bissell H, Wang C D, Rivera S. 2019. Serum trace nutrient values in four captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 50 (1): 176-182. |
| null | Deng L H, Chen Y, Wei R P, Wang C D, Huang S, Wei M, Xu Y L, Wang Q, Li D S, Zhang Z Z. 2020. Seasonal changes of physiological and blood indices of captive giant panda. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 40 (4): 398-406. (in Chinese) |
| null | Hrvolová B, Martínez?Huélamo M, Colmán?Martínez M, Hurtado‐Barroso S, Lamuela?Raventós R M, Kalina J. 2016. Development of an advanced HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins in human plasma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17 (10): 1719. |
| null | Hu J C. 2001. Research on the Giant Panda. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technological Education Publishing House. (in Chinese) |
| null | Levy G, Mosovich L L, Allen J E, Yaffe S J. 1972. Biliary excretion of riboflavin in man. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 61 (1): 143-144. |
| null | Li M X, Huang X M, Wang C D, Zhang Z H, Wu K J, Yuan B, Lu R Q. 2018. Nutrition contents of bamboo shoots for captive giant panda. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 39 (1): 12-18. (in Chinese) |
| null | Li Y J. 2015. Research of the structure and nutrition of bamboo in Qinling Mountains and the relationship with seasonal distribution of giant pandas. Master thesis. Beijing: Tsinghua University. (in Chinese) |
| null | Liu B. 2008. Studies on staple food bamboo and its characteristics of giant panda in the Qinling Mountains. Master thesis. Yangling: Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University. (in Chinese) |
| null | Liu X Z, Yu J Q, Li M X, Li G H, Yang Z, Huang X M, Hu D M. 2001. Preliminary study on the nutrient character of the stable food bamboo of captive giant panda. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 21 (4): 314-317, 263. (in Chinese) |
| null | Nicolov M, Cocora M, Buda V, Danciu C, Duse A O, Watz C, Borcan F. 2021. Hydrosoluble and liposoluble vitamins: new perspectives through ADMET analysis. Medicina (Kaunas), 57 (11): 1204. |
| null | Ofoedu C E, Iwouno J O, Ofoedu E O, Ogueke C C, Igwe V S, Agunwah I M, Ofoedum A F, Chacha J S, Muobike O P, Agunbiade A O, Njoku N E, Nwakaudu A A, Odimegwu N E, Ndukauba O E, Ogbonna C U, Naibaho J, Korus M, Okpala C O R. 2021. Revisiting food?sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs: a perspective review, from vitamin classification, metabolic functions, absorption, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements. PeerJ, 9: e11940. |
| null | Said H M, Ortiz A, Moyer M P, Yanagawa N. 2000. Riboflavin uptake by human?derived colonic epithelial NCM460 cells. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, 278 (2): C270-C276. |
| null | Stevens S L. 2021. Fat?soluble vitamins. Nursing Clinics of North America, 56 (1): 33-45. |
| null | Sun Y R, Zhang Z J, Li L H, Liu X Y, Wei F W, Ma Y S, Wei W, Liao F, He S W. 2010. Trace elements and nutrients of Bashania fargesii in the Qinling Mountains. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 30 (2): 223-228. (in Chinese) |
| null | Tanvir E M, Whitfield K M, Ng J C, Shaw P N. 2021. Development and validation of an ICP-MS method and its application to determine multiple trace elements in small volumes of whole blood and plasma. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 44 (9): 1036-1046. |
| null | Wang H R. 2017. Effect of different bamboo diets on the health and metabolism of giant pandas. Ph.D thesis. Ya’an: Sichuan Agricultural University. (in Chinese) |
| null | Wang N M, Chen S Q, Chen J X, Zhang D Z, Feng W H. 1986. Analysis of trace elements in giant panda by PIXE. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 6 (2): 81-87. (in Chinese) |
| null | Wang T Z. 2018. Investigation and analysis of trace elements in giant pandas in Sichuan Province. Master thesis. Ya’an: Sichuan Agricultural University. (in Chinese) |
| null | Wei F W. 2018. Hope for the Giant Panda Scientific Evidence and Conservation Practice. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese) |
| null | Wei F W, Zhang Z J, Hu J C. 2011. Research advances and perspectives on the ecology of wild pandas. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 31 (4): 412-421. (in Chinese) |
| null | Xu H J, Huang R L, Li T J, Kong X F, Yin Y L. 2010. Nutritional and physiological functions of chromium. Natural Product Research and Development, 22 (3): 531-534. (in Chinese) |
| null | Yang Z M, Li Z J. 2013. Mineral ingredients analysis in bamboo as the main food to giant panda. Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology, (5): 5-9. (in Chinese) |
| null | Yang Z M. 2013. The relationship of ingestion about minerals and nutrient content in principal food bamboo to captive giant pandas. Master thesis. Yangling: Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University. (in Chinese) |
| null | Yao Y, Xu Q, He X, Wang H Y, Yan H L, Gao J, Hou R, Li X W, Wang H R. 2021. Preliminary investigation on iodine nutrition in captive giant pandas. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 67: 126780. |
| null | Yu Q, Qin L R, Li R, Wang H B, Hu Y L, Liao E, Chen J W, Cheng S Y. 2020. Recent advances in understanding the physiological functions of selenium and its effects on animal performance and meat quality. Meat Research, 34 (3): 94-99. (in Chinese) |
| null | Yuan S B, Qu Y Y, Zhang Z J, Zhao J G, Hou R, Wang H R. 2015. Composition and nutrient analysis of captive giant panda diet. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 35 (1): 65-73. (in Chinese) |
| null | Yue M J, Wang C D, Wang T Z, Yang M X, Deng L H, Li D S, Zuo Z C. 2020. Determination and analysis of trace elements in serum of captive giant pandas. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 40 (1): 100-108. (in Chinese) |
| null | Zeng M, Zhou Y, Ming Z, Cheng Y X, Jin L, Wang J, Huang Y, Li D S, Zhang H M, Wu H L, Deng W W, Li C W, Zou L Q. 2021. Determination and analysis of trace elements, clinical indicators, and physiological-biochemical blood indices of captive giant panda. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 42 (1): 44-55. (in Chinese) |
| null | Zhang W C, Liu X Z, Yu J Q, Ding Z W, Liu X Y. 2008. Study on the inorganic elements in the blood serum of giant panda. Journal of Sichuan Normal University (Natural Science), 34 (4): 464-467. (in Chinese) |
| null | Zhang Z H, Wei F W. 2006. Giant Panda Ex-situ Conservation: Theory and Practice . Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese) |
| null | Zhao J G, Qu Y Y, Wang H R, Hou R, Yuan S B. 2015. The nutrient analysis of captive giant pandas’ staple food-bamboo in winter. Journal of China West Normal University (Natural Science), 36 (1): 24-29. (in Chinese) |
| null | 王天珍. 2018. 四川圈养大熊猫微量元素背景值的调查分析. 雅安: 四川农业大学硕士学位论文. |
| null | 王海瑞. 2017. 饲喂不同竹类食物对圈养大熊猫营养代谢和健康的影响. 雅安: 四川农业大学博士学位论文. |
| null | 王能明, 陈素清, 陈剑瑄, 张大忠, 冯文和. 1986. 大熊猫体内微量元素的PIXE分析: Ⅰ.毛发和肝脏的微量元素. 兽类学报, 6 (2): 81-87. |
| null | 邓林华, 陈艳, 魏荣平, 王承东, 黄山, 魏明, 徐娅琳, 王群, 李德生, 张志忠. 2020. 圈养大熊猫生理和血液指标的季节变化. 兽类学报, 40 (4): 398-406. |
| null | 刘冰. 2008. 秦岭大熊猫主食竹及其特性研究. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文. |
| null | 刘选珍, 余建秋, 李明喜, 李光汉, 杨智, 黄祥明, 胡大明. 2001. 圈养大熊猫主食低山竹类营养特点的初步研究. 兽类学报, 21 (4): 314-317, 263. |
| null | 孙宜然, 张泽钧, 李林辉, 刘新玉, 魏辅文, 马亦生, 韦伟, 廖钫, 何少文. 2010. 秦岭巴山木竹微量元素及营养成分分析. 兽类学报, 30 (2): 223-228. |
| null | 李亚军. 2015. 秦岭竹林结构与营养特征及与大熊猫季节分布关系的研究. 北京: 清华大学硕士学位论文. |
| null | 李廷玉. 2005. 人体重要微量营养素研究进展. 重庆: 首届中国西部营养与健康、亚健康学术会议论文集, 97-103. |
| null | 李明喜, 黄祥明, 王成东, 张志和, 吴孔菊, 袁博, 吕瑞青. 2018. 圈养大熊猫常用竹笋营养研究. 野生动物学报, 39 (1): 12-18. |
| null | 杨振民, 李作军. 2013. 秦岭北麓大熊猫主食竹矿物元素含量分析. 陕西林业科技, (5): 5-9. |
| null | 杨振民. 2013. 圈养大熊猫主食竹营养成分含量与采食的关系. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文. |
| null | 余青, 秦乐蓉, 丽蕊, 王海滨, 胡依黎, 廖鄂, 陈季旺, 程水源. 2020. 硒的生理功能及其对畜禽动物性能和肉质的影响研究进展. 肉类研究, 34 (3): 94-99. |
| null | 张万诚, 刘选珍, 余建秋, 丁朝武, 刘兴艳. 2008. 圈养大熊猫血清中无机元素的研究. 四川师范大学学报 (自然科学版), 34 (4): 464-467. |
| null | 张志和, 魏辅文. 2006. 大熊猫迁地保护理论与实践. 北京: 科学出版社. |
| null | 岳梦佳, 王承东, 王天珍, 阳明贤, 邓林华, 李德生, 左之才. 2020. 圈养大熊猫血清微量元素含量的测定与分析. 兽类学报, 40 (1): 100-108. |
| null | 赵金刚, 屈元元, 王海瑞, 侯蓉, 袁施彬. 2015. 圈养大熊猫冬季主食竹营养成分分析. 西华师范大学学报 (自然科学版), 36 (1): 24-29. |
| null | 柳启沛. 2004. 微量营养素研究进展. 北京: 中国营养学会第九次全国营养学术会议论文摘要汇编, 20-30. |
| null | 胡锦矗. 2001. 大熊猫研究. 上海: 上海科技教育出版社. |
| null | 袁施彬, 屈元元, 张泽钧, 赵金刚, 侯蓉, 王海瑞. 2015. 圈养大熊猫食谱组成与营养成分分析. 兽类学报, 35 (1): 65-73. |
| null | 徐海军, 黄瑞林, 李铁军, 孔祥峰, 印遇龙. 2010. 铬的营养生理功能. 天然产物研究与开发, 22 (3): 531-534. |
| null | 曾敏, 周宇, 明珠, 成彦曦, 晋蕾, 王静, 黄炎, 李德生, 张和民, 吴虹林, 邓雯文, 李才武, 邹立扣. 2021. 大熊猫血液微量元素、血常规及生理生化指标测定及分析. 野生动物学报, 42 (1): 44-55. |
| null | 魏辅文. 2018. 野生大熊猫科学探秘. 北京: 科学出版社. |
| null | 魏辅文, 张泽钧, 胡锦矗. 2011. 野生大熊猫生态学研究进展与前瞻. 兽类学报, 31 (4): 412-421. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
青公网安备 63010402000199号 青ICP备05000010号-2
