圈养成年雄性大熊猫不同采食期维生素及矿物元素营养状况分析

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150691

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大熊猫在野外食物选择的广泛性远大于圈养个体。均衡饮食对于大熊猫异地保护至关重要，其中包括适当水平的微量营养素。评估圈养大熊猫不同采食期的营养状况，有助于构建科学的大熊猫饲养策略。本研究选取7只健康成年圈养大熊猫，依次饲喂竹叶 (竹叶采食期) 和竹笋 (竹笋采食期)。竹叶采食期进行3次饲喂实验，竹笋采食期进行2次饲喂实验，每次饲喂实验持续3 d，每次饲喂实验间隔28 d。实验期间记录大熊猫的日采食量，测定竹子的维生素含量并查阅其矿物元素含量，从而比较大熊猫在不同采食期的维生素和矿物元素日摄入量。各采食期结束时采集大熊猫血样，测定血清中13种维生素和10种矿物元素水平。结果发现：与竹叶相比，竹笋的V_A、V_E、V_K1、烟酸、吡哆醛及吡哆醇含量显著下降，V_B5和V_B12含量显著增加 (P < 0.05)。与竹叶采食期相比，竹笋采食期大熊猫的V_E、V_K1、Ca、Fe、Cu和Mn日摄入量显著降低，V_B5、V_B6、V_B7、V_B12、Mg和Zn日摄入量显著上升 (P < 0.05)；竹笋采食期大熊猫血清的V_B2、Cr和Se水平显著下降，V_E、V_K1、V_B5、V_B7、V_B9和V_B12水平显著增加 (P < 0.05)。采食竹子不同部位可影响圈养大熊猫的维生素与微量元素摄入和血清水平。不同采食期微量营养状况的差异和规律可为圈养大熊猫日常饲养管理中竹子供给、营养补充提供理论依据。

关键词: 大熊猫, 竹, 圈养动物营养, 维生素, 微量元素

Abstract:

In the wild, giant pandas have access to a broad range of dietary options, however, for captive individuals, dietary options are greatly reduced. Maintaining a balanced diet, which includes the appropriate levels of micronutrients, is essential to the ex-situ conservation of the giant panda. Evaluating the micronutrient status of captive giant pandas at different feeding stages is a necessary step in constructing a scientific feeding strategy for this iconic species. In this study, seven healthy adult captive giant pandas were selected and fed bamboo leaves (bamboo leaf stage) and bamboo shoots (bamboo shoots stage) in turn. Feeding tests were carried out three times during the bamboo leaf stage and twice during the shoot stage. Each feeding test lasted for three days and the interval between each feeding test was 28 days. During the tests, the daily food intake of the giant pandas was recorded, the vitamin content of the bamboo that was provided was measured and corresponding mineral content was referenced so as to compare the daily intake of vitamins and minerals during the different feeding stages. Blood samples were collected at the end of each feeding stage, and the serum levels of 13 vitamins and 10 minerals were determined. In bamboo shoots, the contents of V_A, V_E, V_K1, nicotinic acid, pyridoxal and pyridoxine were lower, while the contents of V_B5 and V_B12 were higher than those in bamboo leaves (P < 0.05). Compared with the bamboo leaf stage, the daily intakes of V_E, V_K1, Ca, Fe, Cu and Mn decreased significantly, while the daily intakes of V_B5, V_B6, V_B7, V_B12, Mg and Zn increased significantly during the bamboo shoot stage (P < 0.05). Moreover, the serum levels of V_B2, Cr and Se were lower, while the levels of V_E, V_K1, V_B5, V_B7, V_B9 and V_B12 were higher during the bamboo shoot stage (P < 0.05). The results showed that feeding different bamboo parts could affect both the intake and serum levels of vitamins and minerals of captive giant pandas. The differences and patterns of micro-nutrition status between different bamboo feeding stages can provide a theoretical basis for the provisioning of bamboo as well as the nutritional supplementation in the daily feeding and management of captive giant pandas.

Key words: Giant panda, Bamboo, Captive animal nutrition, Vitamin, Trace element

中图分类号:

Q493.6

李明喜, 何欢柳, 张皓, 李翰, 邓陶, 陈敏, 王海瑞, 姚英. 圈养成年雄性大熊猫不同采食期维生素及矿物元素营养状况分析[J]. 兽类学报, 2023, 43(3): 333-341.

Mingxi LI, Huanliu HE, Hao ZHANG, Han LI, Tao DENG, Min CHEN, Hairui WANG, Ying YAO. Analysis of the nutritional status of vitamins and trace elements in adult male captive giant pandas at different feeding stages[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 43(3): 333-341.

图/表 7

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谱系号 Studbook number	呼名 Name	年龄 Age	体重 Weight （kg）	健康状况 State of health
630	五一 Wuyi	14	133	健康 Healthy
717	蜀祥 Shuxiang	12	135	健康 Healthy
584	勇勇 Yongyong	16	126	健康 Healthy
839	奥莉奥 Aoliao	8	136	健康 Healthy
711	功仔 Gongzai	12	128	健康 Healthy
986	点点 Diandian	5	122	健康 Healthy
724	迎迎 Yingying	12	120	健康 Healthy

谱系号 Studbook number	呼名 Name	年龄 Age	体重 Weight （kg）	健康状况 State of health
630	五一 Wuyi	14	133	健康 Healthy
717	蜀祥 Shuxiang	12	135	健康 Healthy
584	勇勇 Yongyong	16	126	健康 Healthy
839	奥莉奥 Aoliao	8	136	健康 Healthy
711	功仔 Gongzai	12	128	健康 Healthy
986	点点 Diandian	5	122	健康 Healthy
724	迎迎 Yingying	12	120	健康 Healthy

呼名 Name	竹叶采食期Bamboo leaf stage			竹笋采食期Bamboo shoot stage
呼名 Name	善存^* （片） Centrum^* （pill）	钙尔奇^* （片） Caltrate^*（pill）	复合维生素B^（片） VB-complex^（pill）	善存^（片） Centrum^（pill）	复方葡萄糖酸钙口服溶液^* Calcium gluconate^* （mL）	钙尔奇^（片） Caltrate^（pill）
五一Wuyi	1	2	—	1	100	—
蜀祥Shuxiang	1	3	—	1	200	—
勇勇Yongyong	1	2	—	1	200	—
奥莉奥Aoliao	1	—	—	1	100	—
功仔Gongzai	1	—	6	0.5	—	—
点点Diandian	0.5	—	—	0.5	—	—
迎迎Yingying	0.5	—	—	0.5	—	3

呼名 Name	竹叶采食期Bamboo leaf stage			竹笋采食期Bamboo shoot stage
呼名 Name	善存^* （片） Centrum^* （pill）	钙尔奇^* （片） Caltrate^*（pill）	复合维生素B^（片） VB-complex^（pill）	善存^（片） Centrum^（pill）	复方葡萄糖酸钙口服溶液^* Calcium gluconate^* （mL）	钙尔奇^（片） Caltrate^（pill）
五一Wuyi	1	2	—	1	100	—
蜀祥Shuxiang	1	3	—	1	200	—
勇勇Yongyong	1	2	—	1	200	—
奥莉奥Aoliao	1	—	—	1	100	—
功仔Gongzai	1	—	6	0.5	—	—
点点Diandian	0.5	—	—	0.5	—	—
迎迎Yingying	0.5	—	—	0.5	—	3

主食竹不同部位 Different parts of bamboo	钙Ca （g/kg）	镁Mg （g/kg）	铁Fe （mg/kg）	铜Cu （mg/kg）	锌Zn （mg/kg）	锰Mn （mg/kg）	铅Pb （mg/kg）	参考文献 Reference
巴山木竹叶 Leaf of Bashania fargesii	5.26 ± 1.36	1.75 ± 0.21	212.31 ± 53.51	21.92 ± 18.78	64.21 ± 15.93	147.1 ± 97.64	—	孙宜然等，2010
巴山木竹叶 Leaf of B. fargesii	4.37 ± 1.25	0.68 ± 0.84	701.35 ± 64.89	29.93 ± 1.64	61.58 ± 1.31	104.87 ± 4.35	—	刘冰，2008
巴山木竹叶 Leaf of B. fargesii	2.18 ± 0.12	2.94 ± 0.08	563.65 ± 43.12	95.14 ± 8.65	156.34 ± 25.66	350.67 ± 9.30	—	杨振民和李作军，2013
雷竹笋 Shoot of Phyllostachys praecox	0.60 ± 0.40	1.21 ± 0.22	104.73 ± 37.01	9.30 ± 1.10	68.16 ± 13.72	56.87 ± 19.85	0.11 ± 0.06	李明喜等，2018
白夹竹笋 Shoot of P. nidularia	1.00 ± 0.10	1.69 ± 0.36	68.04 ± 14.06	13.67 ± 3.25	83.81 ± 12.15	49.24 ± 21.03	0.10 ± 0.03	李明喜等，2018