大熊猫母兽育幼早期应激水平与母幼行为的关系

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150741

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 大熊猫 (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) 属于晚熟性动物，育幼早期是幼仔存活和生长发育的关键时期，也是幼仔最易夭折时期。为了解大熊猫产后应激水平及其与母幼行为之间的关系，从行为适应机制的角度提高幼仔存活率，本研究利用酶联免疫吸附法监测 7 只处于育幼早期 (产后 0 ~ 75 日) 母兽粪便皮质醇含量，采用焦点动物取样法观测 3 对母幼个体的行为。结果显示：(1) 育幼早期母兽皮质醇含量随幼仔日龄增长总体呈下降趋势 (r =-0. 950, P < 0. 001)；(2) 幼仔断奶前与断奶后相比，母兽皮质醇含量无显著差异 (t = -0. 935, P = 0. 361)；(3) 母兽皮质醇含量与母幼联系 (r = 0. 918, P < 0. 001)、幼仔尖叫 (r = 0. 777, P = 0. 001) 和休息行为 (r = 0. 731, P = 0. 002)均呈极显著正相关，与采食行为呈显著负相关 (r = -0. 608, P = 0. 016)，而与舔幼仔行为不相关 (r = 0. 366, P =0. 179)。结果表明，大熊猫母兽育幼早期粪便皮质醇含量变化与幼仔生长发育有关，推测母兽的应激强度可能随幼仔御寒能力及自主活动能力的提升而降低；皮质醇可能参与母性行为调节，有助于母兽对幼仔需求信号做出积极响应，促进母性行为的表达，进而提高育幼早期幼仔存活率。

关键词: 大熊猫, 应激, 粪便皮质醇, 母幼行为, 育幼早期

Abstract: Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an altricial species. The early period of nursing is critical for the survival, growth and development of the cub, and also the most vulnerable period for the young. In order to understand the relationship between maternal cortisol levels and mother-infant behaviors during the early nursing period, and improve the survival rate of cubs in the aspect of behavioral adaptation mechanism, were monitored the concentration of fecal cortisol of 7 mother pandas in the early nursing period (0-75 days) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, we observed the behaviors of 3 pairs of mother and infant using the focal animal sampling method. The results showed that the fecal cortisol concentration of mother panda decreased with the cub’s growth by days (r = -0. 950, P < 0. 001) in the early nursing period. Before and after weaning, there was no significant difference in maternal cortisol concentrations (t = -0. 935, P = 0. 361). The changes in maternal cortisol concentrations had significant positive correlations with communicating (r = 0. 0918, P < 0. 001), cub calling (r = 0. 777, P = 0. 001) and resting (r = 0. 731, P = 0. 002) behaviors. Furthermore, cortisol concentrations were negatively correlated with feeding (r = -0. 608, P = 0. 016) and not correlated with licking (r = 0. 366, P = 0. 179). Results indicated that the cortisol concentration of the mother giant panda was related to the growth and development of the cub during the early nursing period. We hypothesize that the stress intensity of the mother might decrease with the improvement of the cold resistance and independent activity ability of the cub. In addition, cortisol may be involved in the regulation of maternal behavior, which can help the mother respond positively to the demand signals of her cub, enhance maternal behavior, and thus improve the survival rate of her cub at the early stage of nursing.

Key words: Giant panda, Stress, Fecal cortisol, Mother-infant behavior, Early period of nursing

中图分类号:

Q958.1

周晓, 杨波, 曾文, 李果, 杨长江, 王静, 谢庆阳, 刘怀庭, 王锐, 罗波, 张明春, 黄炎. 大熊猫母兽育幼早期应激水平与母幼行为的关系[J]. 兽类学报, 2024, 44(2): 209-216.

ZHOU Xiao, YANG Bo, ZENG Wen, LI Guo, YANG Changjiang, WANG Jing, XIE Qingyang, LIU Huaiting, WANG Rui, LUO Bo, ZHANG Mingchun, HUANG Yan. Relationship between maternal fecal cortisol levels and mother-infant behaviors in early nursing period of giant panda[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2024, 44(2): 209-216.

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