西藏丁青县大型食肉动物分布现况、栖息地影响因素及时空生态位关系

李雪阳; 何彦瑾; 陈熙尔; 依严; 黄红; 董正一; 边巴扎西; 赵翔; 史湘莹; 吕植

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150943

兽类学报 >

2024 , Vol. 44 >Issue 6: 681 - 694

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.150943

研究论文

西藏丁青县大型食肉动物分布现况、栖息地影响因素及时空生态位关系

李雪阳 ,
何彦瑾 ,
陈熙尔 ,
依严 ,
黄红 ,
董正一 ,
边巴扎西 ,
赵翔 ,
史湘莹 ,
吕植

展开

1 北京大学生命科学学院, 北京 100871;
2 山水自然保护中心, 北京 100871;
3 中国绿化基金会, 北京 100013;
4 丁青县人民政府, 丁青 855700;
5 北京大学国家发展研究院, 北京 100871

李雪阳(1995-),女,博士后,主要从事大型食肉动物和生物多样性保护研究;何彦瑾(2005-)，女，本科生，主要从事动物学研究.

收稿日期: 2024-04-29

修回日期: 2024-08-29

网络出版日期: 2024-08-29

基金资助

中国绿化基金会-一汽丰田2018-2020年度祁连山国家公园和藏东南雪豹研究与保护项目；濒危旗舰动物种群及栖息地监测评估与恢复技术(2022YFF1301503)

收起

The distribution status, occupancy, and spatiotemporal pattern of large carnivores in Dingqing County, Xizang Autonomous Region

LI Xueyang ,
HE Yanjin ,
CHEN Xier ,
Yiyan ,
HUANG Hong ,
DONG Zhengyi ,
Bianbazhaxi ,
ZHAO Xiang ,
SHI Xiangying ,
Lü Zhi

Expand

1 School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
2 Shan Shui Conservation Center, Beijing 100871, China;
3 China Green Foundation, Beijing 100013, China;
4 Dingqing County Government, Xizang Autonomous Region, Dingqing 855700, China;
5 National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received date: 2024-04-29

Revised date: 2024-08-29

Online published: 2024-08-29

Fold

摘要

青藏高原东缘和南缘是全球大型食肉动物多样性最高的区域，西藏自治区丁青县地处青藏高原东缘，有多种大型食肉动物分布，但尚缺乏系统调查。本研究于2020—2023年，利用红外相机对丁青县4个区域开展了调查，在54个相机位点共调查16 839个有效工作日。共记录到6种大型食肉动物，分别为狼(Canis lupus)、豺(Cuon alpinus)、猞猁(Lynx lynx)、豹(Panthera pardus)、雪豹(P.uncia)和棕熊(Ursus arctos)。针对独立捕获次数较高的雪豹和狼，本研究通过构建占域模型探究人类活动及其他环境因素对其占域率的影响。结果显示，雪豹在研究区域内的平均占域率为0.66 ±0.21，狼的平均占域率为0.33 ±0.20；狼的占域率主要受崎岖度和归一化植被指数(NDVI)的影响，而雪豹的占域率主要受NDVI和距道路距离的影响。本研究通过计算Pianka指数和日活动节律核密度估计，对丁青县大型食肉动物的时空生态位重叠情况进行了初步分析。结果显示，除狼和猞猁外(Pianka指数为0.61)，各物种之间空间生态位重叠度低(Pianka指数为0.00~0.36)；雪豹和狼的活动节律重叠度为0.91，活动模式高度一致(95% CI:0.86~0.96,P=0.14)；而棕熊与雪豹(P=0.003)及狼(P<0.001)的活动节律存在显著差异；时空生态位的分离可能是维持该区域大型食肉动物多样性的关键因素之一。本研究补充了西藏自治区丁青县大型食肉动物的本底信息，发现在该区域具有较高的大型食肉动物多样性，并通过栖息地利用和时空生态位关系的分析为怒江上游区域的保护管理设计提供了科学依据，也为未来的生物多样性研究和保护工作奠定了基础。

关键词： 大型食肉动物; 红外相机; 占域模型; 日活动节律; 栖息地利用

本文引用格式

李雪阳 , 何彦瑾 , 陈熙尔 , 依严 , 黄红 , 董正一 , 边巴扎西 , 赵翔 , 史湘莹 , 吕植 . 西藏丁青县大型食肉动物分布现况、栖息地影响因素及时空生态位关系[J]. 兽类学报, 2024 , 44(6) : 681 -694 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150943

Abstract

The eastern and southern edges of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are among the regions with the highest diversity of large carnivores globally. Dingqing County, located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in the Xizang Autonomous Region, is home to a variety of large carnivores yet lacks of systematic surveys. From 2020 to 2023, a camera trap survey was conducted in four areas in Dingqing County, covering 54 sites over 16 839 effective working days. Six large carnivore species were recorded during the survey, including gray wolf (Canis lupus), dhole (Cuon alpinus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), leopard (Panthera pardus), snow leopard (P. uncia), and brown bear (Ursus arctos). Occupancy models were applied to the snow leopard and gray wolf, which had a higher number of independent captures, to explore the potential impacts of human activities and other environmental factors on their occupancy rates. The results showed that the average occupancy rate for snow leopards within the study area was 0. 66 ±0. 21, and for gray wolves 0. 33 ±0. 20. The occupancy rates for gray wolves were mainly influenced by ruggedness and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), while the occupancy rates for snow leopards were mainly influenced by NDVI and distance to road. The spatial and temporal niche overlap among large carnivores in Dingqing were estimated by the Pianka’s index and diel activity rhythm kernel density. Except for gray wolves and Eurasian lynxes (Pianka’s index = 0. 61), the spatial niche overlaps between other species were low (Pianka’s index ranged from 0. 00 to 0. 36). The activity rhythm overlap between snow leopards and gray wolves was 0. 91 (95% CI: 0. 86 - 0. 96, P= 0. 14), indicating high similarity of activity patterns, while significant differences in activity rhythms were observed between brown bears and both snow leopards (P= 0. 003) and gray wolves (P<0. 001). The separation of spatial and temporal niche may contribute to the maintenance of high large carnivore diversity in Dingqing. This study supplements the baseline information of large carnivores in Dingqing County, Xizang Autonomous Region, emphasizing the conservation importance of this area for its high diversity and providing information for the conservation and management design in the upper reaches of the Nujiang River through identifying important covariates of large carnivore occupancy rate and spatiotemporal analysis, laying the foundation for future biodiversity research and conservation efforts.

Key words： Large carnivore; Camera trap; Occupancy model; Daily activity rhythms; Habitat use

参考文献

Alexander J S, Gopalaswamy A M, Shi K, Hughes J, Riordan P. 2016.Patterns of snow leopard site use in an increasingly human-dominated landscape. PLoS ONE, 11 (5). DOI： 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0155309.
Alexander J, Chen P J, Damerell P, Youkui W, Hughes J, Shi K, Riordan P. 2015. Human wildlife conflict involving large carnivores in Qilianshan, China and the minimal paw-print of snow leop-ards. Biological Conservation, 187 (2015): 1-9.
Amatulli G, Domisch S, Tuanmu M N, Parmentier B, Ranipeta A, Mal-czyk J, Jetz W. 2018. A suite of global, cross-scale topographic variables for environmental and biodiversity modeling. Scientific Data, 5. DOI: 10. 1038/sdata. 2018. 40.
Anderson T M, White S, Davis B, Erhardt R, Palmer M, Swanson A, Kosmala M, Packer C. 2016. The spatial distribution of African savannah herbivores: species associations and habitat occupancy in a landscape context. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371 (1703). DOI: 10. 1098/rstb. 2015. 0314.
Bao W D. 2010. Eurasian lynx in China-present status and conservation challenges. CATnews Special Issue, 5: 22-25.
Bartoń K. 2023. MuMIn: Multi-Model Inference. R package version 1. 47. 5.
Bian X X, Liang X C, Weckworth B, Jyal D, Hull V, Yang L. 2023.Spatial density estimate of the snow leopard, Panthera uncia, in the Central Tibetan Plateau, China. Integrative Zoology, 18 (4):677-687.
Burnham K P, Anderson D R. 2004. Model Selection and Multimodel Inference. Springer Press. New York, 49-97.
Carter N H, Shrestha B K, Karki J B, Pradhan N M B, Liu J G. 2012.
Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109 (38):15360-15365.
Didan K. 2021. MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V061 [Data set]. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi. org/10. 5067/MODIS/MOD13Q1. 061.
Du J, Chen J F, Cao J S, Li W D. 2023. Camera-trapping monitoring and analysis on species diversity of mammals and birds in Huzhong National Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang. Journal of Temper-ate Forestry Research, 6 (4): 48-54. (in Chinese)
Fiske I, Chandler R. 2011. unmarked: An R package for fitting hierarchical models of wildlife occurrence and abundance. Journal of Statistical Software, 43: 1-23.
Guo K J, Lu P F, Shi S C, Tang Z J, Zhang T, Xiong J W, Li B Z, Deng X J. 2016. Camera trapping survey of mammals and birds in Luolong, Tibet. Biodiversity Science, 24 (9): 1077-1081. (in Chi-nese)
He B S, Sun R Q, Chen P, Dong W, Wang J, Wang D J, Li S. 2016.Baseline survey of mammal and bird diversity using camera-trapping in the Changqing National Nature Reserve of Shaanxi Province. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 36 (3): 348-356. (in Chinese)
Hong Y, Zhang J D. 2021. Habitat selection and food source of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 42 (2): 295-305. (in Chinese)
Jennings A P, Veron G. 2011. Predicted distributions and ecological niches of 8 civet and mongoose species in Southeast Asia. Journal of Mammalogy, 92 (2): 316-327.
Kamler J F, Songsasen N, Jenks K, Srivathsa A, Li S, Kunkel K. 2015. Cuon alpinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e. T5953A72477893.
Li S, McShea W J, Wang D J, Gu X D, Zhang X F, Zhang L, Shen X L. 2020. Retreat of large carnivores across the giant panda distribution range. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4 (10): 1327-1331.
Li X Y, Bleisch W V, Liu X W, Hu W Q, Jiang X L. 2020. Human disturbance and prey occupancy as predictors of carnivore richness and biomass in a Himalayan hotspot. Animal Conservation, 24(2021): 64-72.
Li X Y, Bleisch W V, Liu X W, Jiang X L. 2021. Camera-trap surveys reveal high diversity of mammals and pheasants in Medog, Tibet.Oryx, 55 (2): 177-180.
Li X Y, Buzzard P, Chen Y C, Jiang X L. 2013. Patterns of livestock predation by carnivores: human-wildlife conflict in Northwest Yunnan, China. Environmental Management, 52 (6): 1334-1340.
Li Z L, Wang T M, Smith J L D, Feng R N, Feng L M, Mou P, Ge J P. 2019. Coexistence of two sympatric flagship carnivores in the human-dominated forest landscapes of Northeast Asia. Land-scape Ecology, 34 (2): 291-305.
Lin W M, Weng Y, A J, Wang M, Wang Q, Wang F. 2023. Preliminary research on daily activity rhythm, habitat use and response to human activity of large Indian civet (Viverra zibetha) in Bayuelin Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 43(4): 364-377. (in Chinese)
Liu Z, Wang X, Teng L, Cao L. 2007. Food habits of blue sheep, Pseudois nayaur in the Helan Mountains, China. Folia Zoologica, 56 (1): 13-22.
Lu Q, Cheng C, Xiao L Y, Li J, Li X, Zhao X, Lu Z, Zhao J D, Yao M. 2023. Food webs reveal coexistence mechanisms and community organization in carnivores. Current Biology, 33 (4): 647-659.
MacKenzie D I, Nichols J D, Lachman G B, Droege S, Andrew R J, Langtimm C A. 2002. Estimating site occupancy rates when detection probabilities are less than one. Ecology, 83 (8): 2248-2255.
MacKenzie D I, Nichols J D, Royle J A, Pollock K H, Bailey L, Hines J E. 2017. Occupancy Estimation and Modeling: Inferring Pat-terns and Dynamics of Species Occurrence. San Diego: Academic Press.
McCarthy T M, Fuller T K, Munkhtsog B. 2005. Movements and activities of snow leopards in Southwestern Mongolia. Biological Conservation, 124 (4): 527-537.
Meredith M, Ridout M, Campbell L A D. 2024. overlap: Estimates of coefficient of overlapping for animal activity patterns. R package version 0. 3. 9.
Mu W J, Zhou S C, Liang Z, Zhang M H. 2017. Mammal diversity in Heilongjiang Laoyeling Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve.Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 38 (4): 545-549. (in Chinese)
Niedballa J, Sollmann R, Courtiol A, Wilting A. 2016. camtrapR: An R package for efficient camera trap data management. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 7 (12): 1457-1462.
Niu Y Y, Zhang Z D, Liu Y H, Qiu Y M, Wang D H, Zhou S C. 2021.Mammal diversity and prey resource of Amur tiger in Heilongjiang Muling Japanese Yew National Nature Reserve. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 42 (2): 355-362. (in Chinese)
Nouvellet P, Rasmussen G S A, Macdonald D W, Courchamp F. 2012.
Noisy clocks and silent sunrises: measurement methods of daily activity pattern. Journal of Zoology, 286 (3): 179-184.
O’Brien T G, Kinnaird M F, Wibisono H T. 2003. Crouching tigers, hidden prey: Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical for-est landscape. Animal Conservation, 6 (2): 131-139.
Pal R, Panwar A, Goyal S P, Sathyakumar S. 2022a. Changes in ecological conditions may influence intraguild competition: inferring interaction patterns of snow leopard with co-predators. PeerJ, 10. DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 14277.
Pal R, Panwar A, Goyal S P, Sathyakumar S. 2022b. Space use by woolly wolf Canis lupus chanco in Gangotri National Park, Western Himalaya, India. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9.DOI: 10. 3389/fevo. 2021. 782339.
Pianka E R. 1973. The structure of lizard communities. Annual Re-view of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 4 (1): 53-74.
Qiao J, Jia G Q, Zhou H M, Gong L, Jiang Y, Xiao N W, Gao X Q, Wen A X, Wang J. 2022. Mammal and bird diversity recorded with camera traps in Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China. Biodiversity Science, 42 (2): 355-362. (in Chinese)
Rayan D M, Linkie M. 2016. Managing conservation flagship species in competition: tiger, leopard and dhole in Malaysia. Biological Conservation, 204 (2016): 360-366.
Ripple W J, Estes J A, Beschta R L, Wilmers C C, Ritchie E G, Hebblewhite M, Berger J, Elmhagen B, Letnic M, Nelson M P, Schmitz O J, Smith D W, Wallach A D, Wirsing A J. 2014. Status and eco-logical effects of the world’s largest carnivores. Science, 343(6167). DOI: 10. 1126/science. 1241484.
Rowcliffe M. 2023. activity: Animal activity statistics. R package version 1. 3. 4.
Shannon C E. 1948. A mathematical theory of communication. The Bell System Technical Journal, 27 (3): 379-423.
Shao X N, Lu Q, Xiong M Y, Bu H L, Shi X, Wang D J, Zhao J D, Li S, Yao M. 2021. Prey partitioning and livestock consumption in the world’s richest large carnivore assemblage. Current Biology, 31 (22): 4887-4897.
Shi X G, Hu Q, Li J Q, Tang Z, Yang J, Li W J, Shen X L, Li S. 2017.Camera-trapping surveys of the mammal and bird diversity in Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province. Biodiversity Science, 25 (10): 1131-1136. (in Chinese)
Shi X Y, Li X Y, Wei C Y, Sun G, Liu Z, Zhao X, Zhou J D, Fan J, Li C, Lu Z. 2023. Avian and mammal diversities and their altitudinal and seasonal distribution patterns in Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, China. Biodiversity Science, 42 (2): 355-362. (in Chinese)
Spellerberg I F, Fedor P J. 2003. A tribute to Claude Shannon (1916 -2001) and a plea for more rigorous use of species richness, species diversity and the‘Shannon-Wiener’index. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 12 (3): 177-179.
Suryawanshi K, Reddy A, Sharma M, Khanyari M, Bijoor A, Rathore D, Jaggi H, Khara A, Malgaonkar A, Ghoshal A. 2021. Estimating snow leopard and prey populations at large spatial scales.Ecological Solutions and Evidence, 2 (4). DOI: 10. 1002/ 2668-8319. 12115.
Tian T, Chen X, Pan H, Jin Y Y, Zhang X, Xiang Y, Song D Z, Yang B, Zhang L. 2023. Habitat selection differences of two sympatric large carnivores in the southwestern mountains of China. Diver-sity, 15 (9): 968.
Wang D, Wang Z H, Li Q B, Gao Y Y, Su X, Lian X M. 2024.Camera-trapping survey on the snow leopards and their sympatric mammals and birds in the Qilian County, Qilian Mountain Na-tional Park. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 43 (6): 1910-1919. (in Chinese)
Wang S G, Guo Z H, Gu B J, Li T T, Su Y B, Ma B C, Guan H X, Huang Q W, Wang F, Zhang Z J. 2022. Habitat use of the North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) in the Liupanshan Mountains and its implications for conservation planning. Biodiversity Science, 30 (9). DOI: 10. 17520/biods. 2022342. (in Chinese)
Wei F W, Yang Q S, Wu Y, Jiang X L, Liu S Y, Li B G, Yang G, Li M, Zhou J, Li S, Hu Y B, Ge D Y, Li S, Yu W H, Chen B Y, Zhang Z J, Zhou C Q, Wu S B, Zhang L, Chen Z Z, Chen S D, Deng H Q, Jiang T L, Zhang L B, Shi H Y, Lu X L, Li Q, Liu Z, Cui Y Q, Li Y C. 2021. Catalogue of mammals in China (2021). Acta Theriologica Sinica, 41 (5): 487-501. (in Chinese)
Wen D S, Qi J Z, Long Z X, Gu J Y, Tian Y, Roberts N J, Yang E Y, Kong W Y, Zhao Y, Sun Q, Jiang G S. 2022. Conservation potentials and limitations of large carnivores in protected areas: a case study in Northeast China. Conservation Science and Practice, 4(6). DOI: 10. 1111/csp2. 12693.
Wilman H, Belmaker J, Simpson J, De La Rosa C, Rivadeneira M M, Jetz W. 2014. EltonTraits 1. 0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world’s birds and mammals: Ecological Archives E095 178. Ecology, 95 (7): 2027.
Wilmers C C, Crabtree R L, Smith D W, Murphy K M, Getz W M.2003. Trophic facilitation by introduced top predators: grey wolf subsidies to scavengers in Yellowstone National Park. Journal of Animal Ecology, 72 (6): 909-916.
Wilmers C C, Getz W M. 2005. Gray wolves as climate change buffers in Yellowstone. PLoS Biology, 3 (4). DOI: 10. 1371/journal.
pbio. 0030092.
Wolf C, Ripple W J. 2016. Prey depletion as a threat to the world’s large carnivores. Royal Society Open Science, 3 (8). DOI:10. 1098/rsos. 160252.
Wu H, Ma Y S, Wang T H, Hezierhan, Wan S Q, Que Y D, Li J. 2024.Diversity of mammals and birds in the water sources of An’nanba Wild Camel National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province. Forest and Grassland Resources Research, (1): 48-55. (in Chinese)
Wu P J. 2006. Status and conservation of large and medium-sized mammals in the Upper Zayu River Basin. Journal of Natural Resources, 21 (4): 584-589. (in Chinese)
Xiao W H, Shu Z F, Chen L J, Yao W T, Ma Y, Zhang Y M, Xiao Z S. 2019. Using occupancy models in wildlife camera-trapping monitoring and the study case. Biodiversity Science, 27 (3): 249-256.(in Chinese)
Xu Y, Wang B, Gu X D, Song D Z, Yang B. 2022. Camera trapping re-veals area of conservation significance for large and mediumsized mammals on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Oryx, 56 (1):137-144.
Zhang C Z, Ma T, Wuliji, Liu X M. 2023. Temporal niche relation-ship between snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and its sympatric large carnivores in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province. Acta The-riologica Sinica, 43 (1): 109-115. (in Chinese)
Zhao X N, Song D Z, Huang Q W, Li S, Yao M. 2019. Fast surveys and molecular diet analysis of carnivores based on fecal DNA and metabarcoding. Biodiversity Science, 27 (5): 543-556. (in Chinese)
Zhen G M. 2023. A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China (Fourth Edition). Beijing: Science Press.(in Chinese)
Zou B, Liu Z P, Zhang H D, He L, Ning Z D, Wang T L, Chang W Y, Yang X G. 2008. Investigation of mammal diversity in Yanmen Guan Area. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 36 (12):114-116. (in Chinese)
王双贵, 郭志宏, 顾伯健, 李天醍, 苏玉兵, 马伯丞, 管宏信, 黄巧雯, 王放, 张卓锦. 2022. 六盘山华北豹的栖息地利用及保护建议. 生物多样性, 30 (9). DOI: 10. 17520/biods. 2022342.
王东, 王子涵, 李全邦, 高雅月, 苏旭, 连新明. 2024. 祁连山国家公园青海祁连县片区雪豹及其同域鸟兽分布监测. 生态学杂志, 43 (6): 1910-1919.
牛莹莹, 张子栋, 刘艳华, 邱岩明, 王道辉, 周绍春. 2021. 黑龙江穆棱东北红豆杉自然保护区兽类多样性及东北虎猎物资源. 野生动物学报, 42 (2): 355-362.
史湘莹, 李雪阳, 魏春玥, 孙戈, 刘震, 赵翔, 周嘉鼎, 樊简, 李成, 吕植. 2023. 雅鲁藏布大峡谷鸟兽多样性及其海拔和季节分布.生物多样性, 31 (2). DOI: 10. 17520/biods. 2022491.
乔江, 贾国清, 周华明, 龚林, 蒋勇, 肖能文, 高晓奇, 温安祥, 王杰. 2022. 四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性. 生物多样性, 30 (2): 116-123.
齐扎拉. 2022. 丁青县志. 北京: 冶金工业出版社.
孙佳欣. 2023. 横断山区中北部四个自然保护区大中型兽类物种多样性研究. 南京: 南京师范大学硕士学位论文.
杜君, 陈金锋, 曹嘉铄, 李伟蝶. 2023. 黑龙江呼中国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性红外相机监测分析. 温带林业研究, 6 (4):48-54.
肖文宏, 束祖飞, 陈立军, 姚武韬, 马勇, 张应明, 肖治术. 2019. 占域模型的原理及在野生动物红外相机研究中的应用案例. 生物多样性, 27 (3): 249-256.
吴昊, 马永胜, 王天晖, 贺孜尔汗, 万升旗, 薛亚东, 李佳. 2024. 甘肃安南坝野骆驼国家级自然保护区水源地鸟兽多样性研究. 林草资源研究, (1): 48-55.
吴鹏举. 2006. 藏东南察隅河上游流域大中型兽类动物资源现状和保护. 自然资源学报, 21 (4): 584-589.
何百锁, 孙瑞谦, 陈鹏, 董伟, 王军, 王大军, 李晟. 2016. 基于红外相机技术调查长青国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性. 兽类学报, 36 (3): 348-356.
邹波, 刘志鹏, 张惠弟, 赫磊, 宁振东, 王庭林, 常文英, 杨新根. 2008. 雁门关地区哺乳动物多样性的调查研究. 山西农业科学, 36 (12): 114-116.
张常智, 马腾, 乌力吉, 刘晓敏. 2023. 甘肃祁连山脉雪豹及其同域分布大型食肉动物时间生态位关系.兽类学报, 43 (1):109-115.
邵昕宁, 宋大昭, 黄巧雯, 李晟, 姚蒙. 2019. 基于粪便 DNA 及宏条形码技术的食肉动物快速调查及食性分析. 生物多样性, 27(5): 543-556.
林炜明, 翁悦, 阿家, 王敏, 王琦, 王放. 2023. 四川八月林自然保护区大灵猫日活动节律、栖息地利用及其对人类活动响应的初步研究. 兽类学报, 43 (4): 364-377.
郑光美. 2023. 中国鸟类分类与分布名录 (第四版). 北京: 科学出版社.
钟华. 2022. 珠峰地区雪豹及其同域食肉动物食性及日节律比较研究. 北京: 北京林业大学硕士学位论文.
施小刚, 胡强, 李佳琦, 唐卓, 杨建, 李文静, 申小莉, 李晟. 2017. 利用红外相机调查四川卧龙国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性. 生物多样性, 25 (10): 1131-1136.
洪洋, 张晋东. 2021. 卧龙自然保护区雪豹的生境选择偏好与食源结构特征. 野生动物学报, 42 (2): 295-305.
郭克疾, 陆鹏飞, 石胜超, 唐梓钧, 张同, 熊嘉武, 李炳章, 邓学建. 2016. 利用红外相机调查西藏洛隆县鸟类和兽类的物种多样性. 生物多样性, 24 (9): 1077-1081.
穆文靖, 周绍春, 梁卓, 张明海. 2017. 老爷岭东北虎国家级自然保护区兽类多样性研究. 野生动物学报, 38 (4): 545-549.
魏辅文, 杨奇森, 吴毅, 蒋学龙, 刘少英, 李保国, 杨光, 李明, 周江, 李松, 胡义波, 葛德燕, 李晟, 余文华, 陈炳耀, 张泽钧, 周材权, 吴诗宝, 张立, 陈中正, 陈顺德, 邓怀庆, 江廷磊, 张礼标, 石红艳, 卢学理, 李权, 刘铸, 崔雅倩, 李玉春. 2021. 中国兽类名录(2021 版). 兽类学报, 41 (5): 487-501.

Options

文章导航

模态框（Modal）标题

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献