西藏丁青县大型食肉动物分布现况、栖息地影响因素及时空生态位关系

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150943

兽类学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 681-694.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150943

西藏丁青县大型食肉动物分布现况、栖息地影响因素及时空生态位关系

李雪阳^1,2, 何彦瑾¹, 陈熙尔², 依严², 黄红³, 董正一², 边巴扎西⁴, 赵翔², 史湘莹^2,5, 吕植^1,2

1 北京大学生命科学学院, 北京 100871;
2 山水自然保护中心, 北京 100871;
3 中国绿化基金会, 北京 100013;
4 丁青县人民政府, 丁青 855700;
5 北京大学国家发展研究院, 北京 100871

收稿日期:2024-04-29 修回日期:2024-08-29 出版日期:2024-11-30 发布日期:2024-12-02
通讯作者: 吕植,E-mail:luzhi@pku.edu.cn
作者简介:李雪阳(1995-),女,博士后,主要从事大型食肉动物和生物多样性保护研究;何彦瑾(2005-)，女，本科生，主要从事动物学研究.
基金资助:
中国绿化基金会-一汽丰田2018-2020年度祁连山国家公园和藏东南雪豹研究与保护项目；濒危旗舰动物种群及栖息地监测评估与恢复技术(2022YFF1301503)

The distribution status, occupancy, and spatiotemporal pattern of large carnivores in Dingqing County, Xizang Autonomous Region

LI Xueyang^1,2, HE Yanjin¹, CHEN Xier², Yiyan², HUANG Hong³, DONG Zhengyi², Bianbazhaxi⁴, ZHAO Xiang², SHI Xiangying^2,5, Lü Zhi^1,2

1 School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
2 Shan Shui Conservation Center, Beijing 100871, China;
3 China Green Foundation, Beijing 100013, China;
4 Dingqing County Government, Xizang Autonomous Region, Dingqing 855700, China;
5 National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received:2024-04-29 Revised:2024-08-29 Online:2024-11-30 Published:2024-12-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 青藏高原东缘和南缘是全球大型食肉动物多样性最高的区域，西藏自治区丁青县地处青藏高原东缘，有多种大型食肉动物分布，但尚缺乏系统调查。本研究于2020—2023年，利用红外相机对丁青县4个区域开展了调查，在54个相机位点共调查16 839个有效工作日。共记录到6种大型食肉动物，分别为狼(Canis lupus)、豺(Cuon alpinus)、猞猁(Lynx lynx)、豹(Panthera pardus)、雪豹(P.uncia)和棕熊(Ursus arctos)。针对独立捕获次数较高的雪豹和狼，本研究通过构建占域模型探究人类活动及其他环境因素对其占域率的影响。结果显示，雪豹在研究区域内的平均占域率为0.66 ±0.21，狼的平均占域率为0.33 ±0.20；狼的占域率主要受崎岖度和归一化植被指数(NDVI)的影响，而雪豹的占域率主要受NDVI和距道路距离的影响。本研究通过计算Pianka指数和日活动节律核密度估计，对丁青县大型食肉动物的时空生态位重叠情况进行了初步分析。结果显示，除狼和猞猁外(Pianka指数为0.61)，各物种之间空间生态位重叠度低(Pianka指数为0.00~0.36)；雪豹和狼的活动节律重叠度为0.91，活动模式高度一致(95% CI:0.86~0.96,P=0.14)；而棕熊与雪豹(P=0.003)及狼(P<0.001)的活动节律存在显著差异；时空生态位的分离可能是维持该区域大型食肉动物多样性的关键因素之一。本研究补充了西藏自治区丁青县大型食肉动物的本底信息，发现在该区域具有较高的大型食肉动物多样性，并通过栖息地利用和时空生态位关系的分析为怒江上游区域的保护管理设计提供了科学依据，也为未来的生物多样性研究和保护工作奠定了基础。

关键词: 大型食肉动物, 红外相机, 占域模型, 日活动节律, 栖息地利用

Abstract: The eastern and southern edges of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are among the regions with the highest diversity of large carnivores globally. Dingqing County, located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in the Xizang Autonomous Region, is home to a variety of large carnivores yet lacks of systematic surveys. From 2020 to 2023, a camera trap survey was conducted in four areas in Dingqing County, covering 54 sites over 16 839 effective working days. Six large carnivore species were recorded during the survey, including gray wolf (Canis lupus), dhole (Cuon alpinus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), leopard (Panthera pardus), snow leopard (P. uncia), and brown bear (Ursus arctos). Occupancy models were applied to the snow leopard and gray wolf, which had a higher number of independent captures, to explore the potential impacts of human activities and other environmental factors on their occupancy rates. The results showed that the average occupancy rate for snow leopards within the study area was 0. 66 ±0. 21, and for gray wolves 0. 33 ±0. 20. The occupancy rates for gray wolves were mainly influenced by ruggedness and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), while the occupancy rates for snow leopards were mainly influenced by NDVI and distance to road. The spatial and temporal niche overlap among large carnivores in Dingqing were estimated by the Pianka’s index and diel activity rhythm kernel density. Except for gray wolves and Eurasian lynxes (Pianka’s index = 0. 61), the spatial niche overlaps between other species were low (Pianka’s index ranged from 0. 00 to 0. 36). The activity rhythm overlap between snow leopards and gray wolves was 0. 91 (95% CI: 0. 86 - 0. 96, P= 0. 14), indicating high similarity of activity patterns, while significant differences in activity rhythms were observed between brown bears and both snow leopards (P= 0. 003) and gray wolves (P<0. 001). The separation of spatial and temporal niche may contribute to the maintenance of high large carnivore diversity in Dingqing. This study supplements the baseline information of large carnivores in Dingqing County, Xizang Autonomous Region, emphasizing the conservation importance of this area for its high diversity and providing information for the conservation and management design in the upper reaches of the Nujiang River through identifying important covariates of large carnivore occupancy rate and spatiotemporal analysis, laying the foundation for future biodiversity research and conservation efforts.

Key words: Large carnivore, Camera trap, Occupancy model, Daily activity rhythms, Habitat use

中图分类号:

Q958.1

李雪阳, 何彦瑾, 陈熙尔, 依严, 黄红, 董正一, 边巴扎西, 赵翔, 史湘莹, 吕植. 西藏丁青县大型食肉动物分布现况、栖息地影响因素及时空生态位关系[J]. 兽类学报, 2024, 44(6): 681-694.

LI Xueyang, HE Yanjin, CHEN Xier, Yiyan, HUANG Hong, DONG Zhengyi, Bianbazhaxi, ZHAO Xiang, SHI Xiangying, Lü Zhi. The distribution status, occupancy, and spatiotemporal pattern of large carnivores in Dingqing County, Xizang Autonomous Region[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2024, 44(6): 681-694.

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西藏丁青县大型食肉动物分布现况、栖息地影响因素及时空生态位关系

The distribution status, occupancy, and spatiotemporal pattern of large carnivores in Dingqing County, Xizang Autonomous Region

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