Relationship between the level of blood hormones and the shedding and regeneration of male Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) antlers

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150791

ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 86-95.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150791

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Relationship between the level of blood hormones and the shedding and regeneration of male Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) antlers

MENG Qinghui^1,2, XIA Zhiqiang^1,2,3, SHAN Yunfang^1,2, LI Junfang^1,2, HE Yonghui³, CUI Yanhong³, HU Huagang⁴, XIAO Xuan⁴, BAI Jiade^1,2, ZHONG Zhenyu^1,2, MENG Xiuxiang⁵, ZHANG Fuxian⁶, BAI Chao⁷, ZHANG Chenglin⁷

1 Beijing Père David's Deer Ecological Research Center, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100076, China;
2 National Deer Conversation and Research Center, Beijing 100076, China;
3 Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China;
4 Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing 102211, China;
5 School of Environmental Sciences, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100081, China;
6 College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China;
7 Beijing Zoo, Beijing 100044, China

Received:2023-03-16 Revised:2024-01-25 Online:2025-01-30 Published:2025-01-23

麋鹿角脱落和再生与血液激素含量的关系

孟庆辉^1,2, 夏志强^1,2,3, 单云芳^1,2, 李俊芳^1,2, 贺永惠³, 崔艳红³, 胡华刚⁴, 肖璇⁴, 白加德^1,2, 钟震宇^1,2, 孟秀祥⁵, 张付贤⁶, 柏超⁷, 张成林⁷

1 北京市科学技术研究院北京麋鹿生态实验中心, 北京 100076;
2 麋鹿国家保护研究中心, 北京 100076;
3 河南科技学院, 新乡 453003;
4 北京小汤山医院, 北京 102211;
5 中国人民大学环境学院, 北京 100081;
6 长江大学动物科学学院, 荆州 434023;
7 北京动物园, 北京 100044

通讯作者: 孟庆辉,E-mail:mengqinghui2006@163.com
作者简介:孟庆辉(1982-)，男，博士，研究员，主要从事动物生态及麋鹿保护研究.
基金资助:
北京自然科学基金(5212003，5252004)；北京动物园圈养野生动物技术北京市重点实验室开放课题(ZDK202101)

Abstract

Abstract: The antlers of male Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) were shed during the winter solstice, and hormones play a crucial role in the regeneration of antler cartilage. This study collected blood samples from male Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) to measure hormone levels, comparing pre-winter solstice (November-December) and post-winter solstice (January-March) periods, as well as analyzing the fluctuations during the antler growth period (Winter Solstice-Start of Insects Awakening, December to March of the following year). The aim is to provide further evidence for the relationship between antler cartilage regeneration and hormone levels. Results showed that blood estradiol (E₂), testosterone (T), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and melatonin (MT) levels exhibited significant annual rhythmic changes (F_11,486= 3. 98, n = 507, P = 0.004). Blood parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels showed synchronous monthly changes with antler ossification (F_11,486= 1. 72, n = 507, P = 0.081). After the winter solstice, blood E₂, GH, T, and PTH levels in deer antlers began to gradually increase, while IGF-1 levels increased later. Throughout the antler growth period, blood IGF-1, MT, GH, T, and E2 levels were significantly positively correlated with the regeneration speed of deer antlers, while blood PTH levels were significantly positively correlated with antler weight gain. During the Major Snow solar term (early December), the content of MT, GH, and IGF-1 in the blood began to increase, and the content of E₂ and T was at the second peak of the year, which was extremely significantly different from the content of E₂ and T during the breeding season of male deer (F7,152 = 4. 08, n = 160, P = 0.003). During the winter solstice, the slow growth phase Ⅲ and the rapid growth phase Ⅳ of the antlers, the content of MT, GH, and IGF-1 in the blood of deer antlers increased sharply (F_3,80 = 4. 69, n = 84, P = 0.002); the content of E₂ first decreased and then increased, with significant differences (F_3,80 = 3. 14, n = 84, P = 0.045), while the content of T decreased from (0. 696 9 ±0. 09) ng/mL (n = 84) to (0. 664 7 ±0. 06) ng/mL (n = 84), with no significant difference (F_3,80 = 5. 79, P = 0.178). After the Rainwater solar term (late February), during the stagnation and ossification phase V of antler growth, the content of GH in the blood decreased significantly, with significant differences (F_3,80 = 3. 25, n = 84, P = 0.037), while the content of E₂ and T continued to increase. PTH levels continued to rise before shedding and throughout the antler growth period, increasing from (11. 78 ±2. 54) pg/mL (n = 22) during the Major Snow solar term to (69. 23 ±7. 89) pg/mL (n = 22) during the Vernal Equinox solar term, with extremely significant differences (F_1,20 = 4. 44, P = 0.001). In conclusion, E₂, MT, GH, IGF-1, T, and PTH are all involved in the entire process of winter antler regeneration in deer antlers. Low physiological concentrations of melatonin and testosterone during the winter solstice are directly related to antler shedding. This study can provide a basis for improving the breeding conditions of male deer in winter and contribute to research on the regulation of cartilage proliferation by hormones and the diverse mechanisms of antler regeneration.

Key words: Estradiol, Testosterone, Insulin-like growth factor 1, Melatonin, Blood parathyroid hormone, Antler shed-ding and regeneration

摘要： 麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)冬至解角，激素在茸软骨再生过程中起重要作用。本文采集麋鹿血液样品，测定激素含量，进行年度节律、冬至前(11—12月)后(翌年1—3月)比对及茸生长期(冬至—惊蛰，12月至翌年3月)波动变化的递进分析，以期为鹿茸软骨再生与激素含量关系的研究提供进一步印证。结果显示：(1)血液雌二醇(Estradiol,E₂)、睾酮(Testosterone,T)、生长激素(Growth Hormone,GH)、胰岛素样生长因子1(Insulin-likeGrowth Factor 1,IGF-1)、褪黑素(Melatonin,MT)的含量均存在显著(F_11,486=3.98,n=507,P=0.004)的年节律变化；血液甲状旁腺激素(Parathyroid hormone,PTH)含量与茸骨化呈现同步(F_11,486=1.72,n=507,P=0.081)的月规律变化。(2)冬至后麋鹿茸血液中E₂、GH、T和PTH含量开始逐渐提升，IGF-1含量上升滞后。(3)整个生茸期，血液IGF-1、MT、GH、T、E₂含量与麋鹿茸再生速度显著正相关，血液PTH含量与鹿茸增重显著正相关。其中在麋鹿茸胚孕育的Ⅰ期和茸的萌发Ⅱ期，大雪节气(12月初)时，血液MT、GH、IGF-1含量开始增加，E₂与T的含量处于年度的次高峰期；麋鹿茸的缓慢生长Ⅲ期和级数增长Ⅳ期，冬至(12月22日)后，麋鹿茸血中MT、GH、IGF-1含量急剧上升(F_3,80=4.69,n=84,P=0.002)；E₂的含量先下降后上升，差异显著(F_3,80=3.14,n=84,P=0.045)，T的含量则由(0.696 9 ±0.09) ng/mL (n=84)下降至(0.664 7 ±0.06) ng/mL (n=84)，差异不显著(F_3,80=5.79,P=0.178)。茸增长停滞的Ⅴ期，雨水节气(2月底)后，血液中GH含量明显回落，差异显著(F_3,80=3.25,n=84,P=0.037)，E2与T的含量则持续提升。PTH含量在脱角前及整个生茸期均处于不断提升中，由立冬节气的(11.78 ±2.54) pg/mL (n=22)上升到春分节气的(69.23 ±7.89) pg/mL (n=22)，两者差异极显著(F_1,20=4.44,P=0.001)。可见，E₂、MT、GH、IGF-1、T和PTH均参与冬季麋鹿茸再生全过程，冬至低生理浓度褪黑素和睾酮与麋鹿角脱落相关。本研究可为冬季改善雄性麋鹿的饲养条件提供依据，同时为激素对软骨增殖调控及茸再生多样化机制的研究提供助益。

关键词: 雌二醇, 睾酮, 胰岛素样生长因子1, 褪黑素, 血液甲状旁腺激素, 麋鹿角脱落和再生

CLC Number:

Q958.1

MENG Qinghui, XIA Zhiqiang, SHAN Yunfang, LI Junfang, HE Yonghui, CUI Yanhong, HU Huagang, XIAO Xuan, BAI Jiade, ZHONG Zhenyu, MENG Xiuxiang, ZHANG Fuxian, BAI Chao, ZHANG Chenglin. Relationship between the level of blood hormones and the shedding and regeneration of male Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) antlers[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 45(1): 86-95.

孟庆辉, 夏志强, 单云芳, 李俊芳, 贺永惠, 崔艳红, 胡华刚, 肖璇, 白加德, 钟震宇, 孟秀祥, 张付贤, 柏超, 张成林. 麋鹿角脱落和再生与血液激素含量的关系[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(1): 86-95.

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Relationship between the level of blood hormones and the shedding and regeneration of male Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) antlers

麋鹿角脱落和再生与血液激素含量的关系

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