The impact of anticoagulant rodenticides on the genetic diversity and anticoagulant resistance in the Norway rat population

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150891

Abstract

Abstract: To understand the genetic diversity and the level of anticoagulant resistance in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Kashgar region, Xinjiang after continuous use of anticoagulant rodenticides, we collected Norway rat samples after the application of the anticoagulant rodenticides in the year of 2019, 2020, 2022, and 2023. We first analyzed the different mitochondrial Cyt b haplotypes and their frequencies in different temporal populations, as well as the phylogenetic relationship among different haplotypes. Then, we analyzed the Vkorc1 variations and their frequencies in the temporal populations and assessed the anticoagulant level of the populations. The results revealed a total of six different Cyt b haplotypes in 100 rats, and they clustered into two groups in the haplotype network. The highest and lowest haplotype diversity was found in the population of 2019 and 2023, respectively, indicating an obvious bottleneck effect. Some low-frequency haplotypes disappeared in the populations of 2020, 2022, and 2023. Fst analysis suggested significant genetic differentiation between the population of 2022 and other temporal populations. Analysis of the Vkorc1 gene revealed one silent mutation Ile82Ile and no resistance-associated Vkorc1 missense mutations were found, indicating a low level of resistance in the local populations. All these findings suggest that the rat control in the entire village has led to a decrease in genetic diversity and significantly affected the genetic structure of the population. However, the rat populations in the studied area have not developed anticoagulant resistance yet, and the first-generation anticoagulant rodenticides are still effective. This study provides a reference for further research on the population structure of Norway rats and also provides theoretical guidance for the use of anticoagulant rodenticides in local Norway rat populations.

Key words: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Rattus norvegicus, Anticoagulant rodenticides, Vkorc1, Cyt b

摘要： 为了解新疆喀什地区多年连续使用抗凝血剂灭鼠对褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)种群遗传多样性和抗药性的影响，本研究收集了2019年、2020年、2022年和2023年经过抗凝血类杀鼠剂防控后的褐家鼠个体，首先分析和比较不同年度种群中线粒体细胞色素b基因(Cyt b)不同单倍型的种类和频率，以及单倍型间的系统进化关系，然后比较了不同年度种群的维生素K环氧化物还原酶复合体亚单位1基因(Vkorc1)多态性及其频率，评估种群的抗药性水平。结果显示收集的100只褐家鼠中共检测到6个不同的Cyt b单倍型。单倍型网络分析显示6个单倍型可以明显地分为两大组。单倍型多样性分析显示，Cyt b单倍型多样性在2019年种群中最高，在2023年种群中最低，一些低频率的Cyt b单倍型在2020年、2022年和2023年的种群中消失，说明种群产生了明显的瓶颈效应。Fst分析显示，2022年的种群与其他种群间的Cyt b基因出现了明显的遗传分化。分析Vkorc1基因的多态性，结果仅检测到一种沉默突变Ile82Ile，未检测到与抗性相关的Vkorc1错义突变，说明该地褐家鼠种群的抗性水平较低。以上结果说明该地区经过多年的抗凝血剂使用后，褐家鼠种群的遗传多样性明显降低，遗传结构受到显著影响，但种群没有产生明显的抗药性，第一代抗凝血剂仍然有效。该研究为今后深入开展褐家鼠种群遗传结构研究提供参考，同时也为当地褐家鼠防控过程中抗凝血剂的用药策略提供理论依据。

关键词: 新疆维吾尔自治区, 褐家鼠, 抗凝血灭鼠剂, 维生素K环氧化物还原酶复合体亚单位1基因, Cyt b

CLC Number:

Q347

ABUDUKEYOUMU Kader, SUN Ting, WANG Dawei, LIU Xiaohui, WANG Xiuhui, SONG Ying. The impact of anticoagulant rodenticides on the genetic diversity and anticoagulant resistance in the Norway rat population[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 45(1): 78-85.

阿布都克尤木·卡德尔, 孙婷, 王大伟, 刘晓辉, 汪秀会, 宋英. 抗凝血剂对褐家鼠种群遗传多样性及抗药性的影响[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(1): 78-85.

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