Abstract: Stress response is an evolved suite of physiological,hormonal and behavioral responses exhibited by individuals that are highly conserved across vertebrate taxa. Most of what is known about stress comes from the biomedical and neuroendocrinological research community. Although Hans Selye’s original work addressed how individuals adapt to stressor,many recent studies have mainly focused on negative effects of stress on fitness of individuals and diseases related aspects of stress. However,it is very difficult to imagine that stress has evolved simply to make animals sick over millions of years.
From the point of view of evolution,we summarizes the relationships between stress responses and reproductive strategies,as well as different coping styles when animals were exposed to stressors. We also analyze the adaptive roles of stress responses and the coping styles in mammals.

Key words: Adaptation, Mammal, Nature selection, Stress

摘要： 应激反应是哺乳动物的基本生理现象之一。目前,与应激有关的研究主要来自生物医学和神经内分泌学。虽然Hans Selye 提出了个体对应激的普遍性适应综合症概念,但目前的研究还主要集中于应激对个体的负效应以及与应激相关的疾病研究。然而,从进化角度似乎很难理解在数亿年的进化过程中,动物应激反应仅简单地
进化为影响个体健康并导致个体患病的一种生理过程。本文从进化的角度,综述了应激反应与动物繁殖对策的关系以及个体对环境应激源的应对类型,并阐述了动物应激反应的适应和进化意义。

关键词: 哺乳动物, 应激, 适应, 自然选择