Abstract: Among the six extant subspecies of macaques in China, the Fujian subspecies (Macaca mulatta littoralis) is one of the subspecies that has received relativeiy less attention. In this study, we investigated the population size, mating and birth seasons of rhesus macaque in the Wulingyuan area of Hunan Province through field tracking surveys based on individual identification. The results are as follows: (1) There are 18 monkey groups, with an average group size of 47. 78 ±22. 51, with ranging from 16 to 79 individuals. The overall sex ratio (male/female) is 1∶1. 57. The sex ratio for adult individuals is 1∶2. 47, for sub-adult individuals is 1∶3. 25, for adolescent individuals is 1∶1. 08, and for infant monkeys is 1∶1. 05. (2) Copulation events with ejaculation occur between October and February of the following year, with the highest mating frequency observed in November. (3) The distribution of birth events is from March to June, with a peak from April to May. The average birth date is 28th April, and the median birth date is 1st May with a standard deviation of 19. 11 days. These results indicate that the rhesus macaque in study area is seasonality and conforms to the pulse model; (4) The birth rate is 66. 27%, the mortality rate is 1. 80%, and the growth rate is 18. 09%. The results can provide basic data for research on the ecology, behaviour and conservation biology of macaques in Wulingyuan National Scenic Spot.

Key words: Rhesus macaques, Population structure, Population size, Reproduction, Sex ratio

摘要： 在国内现存的6个猕猴亚种中，福建亚种(Macaca mulatta littoralis)是受关注较少的亚种之一。本研究在湖南武陵源风景区，通过野外跟踪调查，在个体识别的基础上对该地区猕猴种群大小、交配和出生季节进行了调查研究，旨在探究猕猴福建亚种的种群结构和繁殖参数。结果表明：(1)研究地区内现有18个猴群，群体平均大小为(47.78 ±22.51)只(范围16~79)，总体性比(雄/雌)为1∶1.57，成年个体为1∶2.47，亚成年个体为1∶3.25，青少年个体为1∶1.08，婴猴为1∶1.05；(2)射精交配发生在10月到翌年2月，11月交配频次达到顶峰；(3)出生季节分布在3—6月，4—5月为高峰期，平均出生日期为4月28日，出生日期中位数为5月1日，标准差为19.11 d，表明猴群为季节性繁殖类型，符合脉冲模型；(4)种群出生率为66.27%，死亡率为1.80%，种群增长率为18.09%。本研究结果可为武陵源风景区猕猴的生态、行为及保护生物学等研究提供基础数据。

关键词: 猕猴, 种群结构, 种群大小, 繁殖, 性比