Abstract: The history of human learning about the microstructure of hairs has spanned over 160 years. With the development of microscopic techniques, people not only have outlined the basic structure of hairs , but also have connected the diversity and variability of hair microstructural characteristics to the species characteristics , environmental factors effecting the animals , textile and hair care business. The newly developed high technology in biology field will support further recognition of hair structure , and consequently ,the conventional species identification , relationship between morphology and function , and textile and hair care business will be accelerated by the discoveries of more detailed information of the hair structure.

Key words: Hair, Microsturcture, Species identification, Functional morphology

摘要： 人类认识毛发微观结构的历史已经有160 余年, 显微技术的不断发展使得人们不仅搞清了毛发的基本结构,而且还将毛发结构特征的差异性与动物的种类、动物所受到的环境因子的影响、纺织行业和美发护发行业的具体应用联系起来。随着生物学领域高新技术的不断发展, 对于毛发微观形态学信息的发掘也将随之加深, 毛发微观结构研究在物种识别、功能与形态的关系以及纺织、美发护发等领域将得到更进一步的发展。

关键词: 毛发, 微观结构, 物种识别, 功能形态学