Abstract: On the basis of theory of natural selection , an animal concentrates its breeding time on the period of good condition. In general , seasonal breeding pattern of any primate species is normal. Rare Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) in Mt. Huangshan exhibit seasonal breeding pattern that apparently is maintained intrinsically. Its date of birth normally occur during the months of January and May. However , in 2001 , a case of birth in winter was observed. Although it is an incidental case , studying of these internal and external factors happen to it is of great significance. Based on the sequential birth data of Tibetan macaques and the sequential changing tendency of annual mean air temperature , precipitation , sunlight during 14 years from 1988 to 2001 , using t-test ( r= 0.60) , the results show that there is significance correlation ( P < 0.05) between the birth dates and annual mean air temperature , and no significance between the birth dates and annual mean precipitation and sunlight ( P > 0.05). The paper also analyze the others possible long-term impact of variation of altitude and latitude and translocation and subsequent provisioning and range restriction on the birth time of this species. Available integrate evidence , including rising of annual mean air temperature and translocation and provisioning and range restriction , concerning the variation and prolonging of birth time in this species is suggestive.

Key words: Tibetan monkey (Macaca thibetana), Birth, Seasonal breeding, Climate

摘要： 动物的繁殖时间是动物在长期进化过程中对其栖息环境适应的结果。黄山的短尾猴属于季节性繁殖的动物, 其产仔期一般在1～5 月。但在2001 年, 记录了一例短尾猴在冬季产仔, 产仔日期为11 月29 日。为分析其原因, 依据1988～2001 年连续14 年的产仔数据及当地连续14 年的气象资料(年平均气温、降水量及日照长度) , 统计学检验结果表明, 黄山短尾猴产仔时间的推移与栖息地年平均气温显著相关( P < 0.05) , 而与年平均降水量及日照长度无显著相关( P > 0.05) 。

关键词: 短尾猴, 季节性繁殖, 产仔, 气候