Abstract: We carried out detailed investigation on the number and distribution of the black beart 1991-1993 in Hanzhong prefecture,Shaanxi province.The results showed that
it is distributed over 10 counties 166 districts where forest grows well，and the population is very sparse,Relation between number of black bear and forest area is closely re1ated,its correlation coefficient is 0.8917．
The habitat of black bear is divided from landforms into three types,i.e.(1)High mountains of Qinling:forest area 5 576.26 km ,average altitude of more l 000 m ，there
are 212 bears and the density is 0.0389 indi./km ;(2)High mountains of Bashan:forest area 3 274.91 km ,average altitude of 1 500-2 000 m ,there are 65 bears and the density is 0.019 8 indi./km ;(3)Low mountains of Qinling and Bashan:forest area 5 944.02km ,average altitude of less 1 000 m ,there are 35 bears，and the density is 0.005 2 indi./km．
Extinction of bears from 50.35% of their historic range is occurred in Hanzhong prefecture,because of population growth rapidly in the range,the human economic activities influenced distribution range of black bear.The activities of human are severelv impacting black bear habitat.Major human actions influencing bear habitat include timber harvest and human occupancy and cultivation in the habitation of bear．Direct human impacts on bear include killing of bears for protection of crops，unregimented hunting．Particularly forest is severely destroyed,its area is reduced year by year．
The idea for recovery of bear resources and suggestion for future management and conservation are described in paper．

Key words: Black bear, Number, Distribution, Conservation

摘要： 1991-1993年，作者在陕西省汉中林区采用三阶抽样设计调查并询访群众，求算每个所选择的最小样本单位(三级区)的方差，推算黑熊整体数量。根据黑熊数量将该地林区划分为3个密度区级：高密度区(0,03头/km ²以上)，秦岭中山区：中密度区(0.01-0.029头/km² )，巴山中山区；低密度区(0.01头／km 下)，秦巴低山丘陵区。全区有黑熊312头，平均密度0.035/km ² 遍布10县166十乡。分析了各地黑熊数量多寡的原因，提出了相应的保护措施。

关键词: 黑熊, 数量, 分布, 保护