Abstract: Musteloidea is a taxonomically and morphologically diverse group within Carnivora, with marked variation in ecological adaptations. This superfamily includes the carnivorous Mustelidae, the mainly omnivorous Procyonidae and Mephitidae, and the strictly herbivorous Ailuridae. The wide variation in diet and habitat among these animals makes them a valuable system for investigating the relationships between host-associated factors and gut microbiome structure and function. Although studies using 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomics, and multi-omics methods have become more common in recent years, research focusing specifically on the gut microbiome of Musteloidea is still rare and not yet systematic. This review summarizes recent progresses in this field by integrating and contrasting existing findings on gut microbiome composition and function across the four families (Mustelidae, Procyonidae, Mephitidae, and Ailuridae) in relation to their dietary adaptations, which provides a foundation for future research.

Key words: Musteloidea, Gut microbiome, Dietary diversity, Metagenome, 16S rRNA

摘要： 鼬超科（Musteloidea）是食肉目中物种、形态与生态适应分化显著的类群之一，涵盖肉食的鼬科（Mus-telidae）、以杂食为主的浣熊科（Procyonidae）和臭鼬科（Mephitidae），以及专性植食的小熊猫科（Ailuridae）。其在食性和栖息环境上的显著分化，为探讨动物宿主相关因子与肠道微生物组结构和功能之间的关系提供了重要的研究体系。尽管基于16S rRNA基因扩增子测序、宏基因组测序及多组学整合的研究逐渐增多，但针对鼬超科动物肠道微生物组的系统性认识仍然有限，现有研究总体呈现出零散和碎片化的特点。本文主要综述了近年来鼬超科动物肠道微生物组研究的主要进展，分别从鼬科、浣熊科、臭鼬科和小熊猫科的研究现状出发，总结其肠道微生物组的结构与功能特征，旨在为后续开展更深入、系统的相关研究提供参考框架。

关键词: 鼬超科, 肠道微生物组, 食性多样性, 宏基因组, 16S rRNA