Proposed operational framework for fecal microbiota transplantation in wildlife: from theoretical foundation to conservation applications

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.151213

Abstract

Abstract: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can restore intestinal microbiota of wildlife and improve reintroduction success, but standardized protocols are still lacking in this field. Combined with microbial ecology theories and published FMT cases, this paper established an operational framework for wildlife conservation from three aspects: selection of donors, technical implementation, and effectiveness evaluation. Current practices are hindered by inadequate safety screening, non-standard techniques, and insufficient long-term monitoring. Potential risks including antibiotic resistance genes, opportunistic pathogens, and anthropogenic microbiota transmission should be fully considered. The proposed framework clarifies hierarchical operation rules and ethical principles, providing references for wildlife rescue, captive management, and reintroduction. Further long-term field verifications across more species are required to promote the transformation of FMT from preliminary exploration to scientific application based on ecological principles.

Key words: Fecal microbiota transplantation, Wildlife conservation, Technical implementation, Effectiveness evaluation

摘要： 粪菌移植（fecal microbiota transplantation，FMT）是修复野生动物肠道菌群、提升野化放归成功率的潜在技术手段，但目前该领域尚无统一操作规范。本文结合肠道微生物生态理论与国内外野生动物FMT实践案例，从供体筛选、技术实施和效果评估3个维度，构建适用于野生动物保护场景的FMT建议性操作框架。分析显示，现有案例普遍存在安全筛查不足、技术标准化程度低及长期动态监测缺失等问题，同时需警惕抗生素耐药基因、机会致病菌及人源微生物跨种群传播等风险。本框架明确了不同场景下的分级操作要求与伦理边界，可为野生动物救护、圈养管理及野化放归工作提供参考。后续仍需开展多物种、长期野外实证研究，以推动FMT从初步探索走向基于生态学原理的科学应用。

关键词: 粪菌移植, 野生动物保护, 技术实施, 效果评估

CLC Number:

Q958.1

SHEN Wenjing, ZHANG Xin, GAO Peng, WEN Jing, BO Tingbei. Proposed operational framework for fecal microbiota transplantation in wildlife: from theoretical foundation to conservation applications[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(5): 670-687.

沈文静, 张鑫, 高鹏, 闻靖, 薄亭贝. 野生动物粪菌移植的建议性操作框架——从理论基础到保护应用[J]. 兽类学报, 2026, 46(5): 670-687.

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URL: https://www.mammal.cn/EN/10.16829/j.slxb.151213

https://www.mammal.cn/EN/Y2026/V46/I5/670

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