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吴林, 张美文, 李波
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WU Lin, ZHANG Meiwen, LIBo
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摘要: 采用胃内容物显微组织学鉴定法, 定量调查了洞庭湖区东方田鼠(Microtus fortis calam orum ) 的食物组成。该鼠的主要食物, 在苔草地是苔草和水田碎米荠, 在芦荻场是碎米、苦草、荻和镜子苔, 在稻田区是水稻和双穗雀稗, 在岗地是三毛草、一年蓬、千金子和水稻。植物叶片是其主要利用对象, 在绿色食物资源不足的情况下, 也取食植物种子。其食物组成的变化表明, 该鼠能依不同栖息地的植被结构调整摄食对象, 因而能适应湖区生活环境的灾变性变化。
关键词: 东方田鼠, 食物组成, 洞庭湖区
Abstract: The stomach content s of Yangtze voles (Microtus fortis calamorum ) , w hich werecollected in Carex f lats, rice field, hill in Matang, Yueyang count and reed plantation inXiaofanzhou, Changde count, were analyzed to determine the food composition by themethod of microhistological identification. The vole lived in Carex f lats during spring and winter . The major food items of thevoles were consisted of Carex spp. and Cardamine hirsuta. Voles ate more Carex spp.during spring (71.05% of diets) than during winter (68.97% of diets). Contrarily, Cardamine hirsuta of diets in spring (13.81% ) was less than that in winter (29.21% ). The voles primarily took monocot in spring (77.26% ) and winter (69.05% ). Leaves were always the most favorite food of the vole, the bulk of plant leaves in the animal diet was more than 91% in spring and winter. In rice f ield, Monocot food items constituted 93.45% ( in summer) and 86.52% ( inautumn) of diets of the voles. The major food items of the voles were rice (74.54% insummer and 68.42% in autumn ) and Paspalum distichum ( 13.16% in summer and11.24% in autumn). Leaves were dominant in diets in summer. Bu t the voles turned totake seeds heavily (51.94 %) and the bulk of leaves (46.48% ) in diets reduced in autumn. In hill habitat during summer, the numbers of food items which voles ate werefourteen; Trisetum bifidum (36.98% of diet s) , Erigeron annuspers (23.61% ) and rice(14.51% ) was major food items of the voles. The voles heavily used leaves (99.68% )and monocot (65.63% ) in this season. During autumn, monocot food items (60.68% )were still more than dicot (26.48% ) in the voles diet s, but the numbers of food items ofthe voles and leaves in the diets (48.69% ) reduced, accordingly the bulk of seed in diets(35.57% ) signif icantly increased. Moreover, bark in diets of voles in au tumn were found. In reed plantation during spring, the voles primarily ate Cardamine hirsuts(42.81% ) , Phalaris arund inacea (20.17% ) , M iscanthus saccharif lorus (15.05% ) and Carex spp. (10.49% ). The voles used more dicot food items (54.29% ) than monocot (45.71% ). The voles heavily took plant seeds (34.50% ) , however the bulk of leaves (61.20% ) was still dominate in the voles diets.All of these indicated that the voles could shift food habit swith the variation of season and location.
Key words: Microtus fortis calamorum, Food composition, Dongting lake area
吴林, 张美文, 李波. 洞庭湖区东方田鼠的食物组成调查[J]. .
WU Lin, ZHANG Meiwen, LIBo. STUDIES ON THE FOOD COMPOSITION OF MICROTUS[J]. .
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http://www.mammal.cn/CN/Y1998/V18/I4/282