Recent surveys of small mammals in China discovered national and provincial records. Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies based on morphological and molecular comparisons were used to assess the collections. Collected on the Pamir Plateau in Tashikuergan county, Xinjiang, Alticola albicauda is a new record for China. The tail of this species is wholly white ending in a white tuft. The belly is pure white. A phylogenetic analysis based on Cyt b places it together Alticola albicauda and forms the sister of Alticola argentatus. The K2P distance between them is 5%. Further, Phodopus roborovskii was captured in Xizang and it is a new record for Tibet Autonomous Region. It does not differ morphologically from conspecifics elsewhere in China and its Cyt b K2P distance from a population in Ningxia is 0.6%. Meanwhile, collections verify the presence of Eothenomys fidelis in Sichuan for the first time. The characters of its teeth and proportion of TL/HBL are the same as in topotypes from Lijiang, Yunnan, but the specimens are smaller than the topotypes and they belong to a different subclade in the Cyt b tree. An average K2P distance of only 1.1% separates the two populations, suggesting they are conspecific. Finally, collections verify the presence of Ochotona xunhuaensis in Hubei for the first time. All specimens have a congenial tragus and flattened skull, which are diagnostic characters of the

species, and K2P distance of Cyt b between the Hubei population and topotypes is 1.9%.

在最近几年开展的小型兽类调查和研究中，通过形态学和分子鉴定的方法，证实在新疆发现的白尾高山䶄（Alticola albicauda True, 1894）是中国新纪录。该种尾全白色，末端有白色毛束；身体背部淡红褐色，腹部纯白。在基于Cyt b构建的系统树中和GenBank中的白尾高山䶄聚在一起，并与银色高山䶄（Alticola argentatus Severtzov,1879）形成姊妹群，两者间遗传距离为5%；在西藏发现小毛足鼠（Phodopus roborovskii Satunin,1902），其特征和我国其他区域分布的小毛足鼠一致，两者之间Cyt b基因遗传距离（K2P）为0.6%，是西藏新纪录；在四川发现丽江绒鼠（Eothenomys fidelis Hinton, 1923），牙齿特征，尾长和体长之比和地模标本基本一致，但个体较小，在基于Cyt b构建的系统发育树显示，四川标本为独立分支，表明形态和分子上均存在一定的分化，但和地模标本的遗传

距离只有1.1%，应为同一种，为四川省新纪录；在湖北发现循化鼠兔（Ochotona xunhuaensis Sou and Feng, 1984），有异耳屏，头骨较扁平，符合循化鼠兔的鉴定特征，与模式产地的循化鼠兔Cyt b基因的遗传距离为1.9%，为湖北新纪录。