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07 July 2008, Volume 21 Issue 3

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POPULATION STATUS OF YANGTZE FINLESS PORPOISE IN THEYANGTZE RIVER SECTION FROM HUKOU TO NANJING

YU Daoping,DONG Mingli,WANG Jiang,ZHANG Xian

2001, 21(3):  174-179. 

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Analysed on the dates about Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis ) observed from the section of Hukou--Nanjing it is showed: 1. Studying on various ecological behavior of Yangtze finless porpoise,precise count of the animal in field can be improved; 2. Recently a large concentration of the animal (over 10 individuals) is obvious decrease which appears in a special section of the Yangtze River; 3. Estimated individuals of Yangtze finless porpoise in the section of Hukou to Nanjing is 1 054, and there is maximum population density in the section of Xiaogushan to Hukou; 4. Individuals of Yangtze finless porpoise in the branch is 9.3% of total population in the section of Nanjing to Hukou.

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THE STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF GIANT PANDA'S FECES AND IT'S APPLICATION

GUO Jian,HU Jinchu

2001, 21(3):  180-186. 

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Because of the limitation of the spatial plots method, the study of the spatial distributional pattern of wildlife focused on hexapods, there was very few research on large vertebrate with the method. In order to overcome those limitation, on the base of the old one, a new method temporary spatial plots method, was developed and used on the study of giant panda in Yele Natural Reserve. The result showed: (1) The distribution of giant panda’s feces is a aggregative distribution and belongs to begative-binomial distribution. (2) In Yele Natural Reserve,8 individuals of giant panda were estimated surviving, with the density 0.032 5 ind/km². In the bamboo forests, the ecological density was 0.339 5 -0.534 ind/km².The future of the giant panda in Yele Natural Reserve is pessimistic.

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INFLUENCE OF GROUP SIZE AND DISTANCE TO REFUGE ON FORAGiNG OF PLATEAU PIKAS UNDER PREDATION RISK

BLAN Jianghui,JING Zengchun,LIU Jike

2001, 21(3):  187-194. 

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The effects of group size and distance to refuge on foraging of plateau pikas ( Ochotona curzonize) under predation risk were examined in the paper. Under predation risk environment vigilance increases significantly at the cost of decreasing feeding. The effect of group size on foraging is complex. In the highest level of risk environment, plateau pikas prefer to feeding near one other pika feeding-site is as close to burrow as possible in response to the predation risk. However in the safe environment they are willing to feeding alone the feeding-site in the environment is more wide than that in the risk environment. The effect of distance to refuge on vigilance is also complex in response to the predation risk. Vigilance increases as the distance to refuge increases it occur mainly within 2 m from refuge, and it does not appear again in the risk environment when feeding far from refuge ( >3 m) reflecting a tradeoff between the possibility of fly back refuge successfully and the efficiency of early detecting.

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STUDY OF ACTIVITY OF HPA IN RAT AND OCHOTONA CURZONIAE UNDER HYPOXIA

WU Yan, DU Jizeng

2001, 21(3):  195-198. 

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The effects of hypoxia exposure on activity of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenalcortex (HPA) axis in rat and Ochotona curzoniea (0. curzoniea) were comparatively studied. Results showed as follow. Hypoxia with 7 km altitude exposed for 24 h resulted in increased corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) release from hypothalamus and corticosterone secretion in rat, the activity of HPA was stimulated by hypoxia. Hypoxia with 5 km altitude exposed for 24 h did not significantly influence the activity of HPA in rat. Hypoxia exposed for 5 d the activity of HPA was not marked different from control. Hypoxia did not significantly modulate activity of HPA in 0.curzoniea. These results suggested that activity of HPA was related to extent and time of hypoxia exposure.. Hypoxia did not active HPA in 0. curzoniea, and 0. curzoniea is more tolerance to hypoxia than rat.

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THE ADAPTIVE PATTERN IN SOCIAL BEHAVIOR BETWEEN ADULT AND SUB-ADULT BRANDT'S VOLES (MICROTUS BRANDTI) TO PHOTOPERIOD

LIU Wei, FANG Jiming

2001, 21(3):  199-205. 

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The patterns differences in behavioral interactions between adult Brandt’s voles (Microtus brandli) acclimated under long photoperiod (LD 14: 10 h light-dark cycle) or short photoperiod (SD 10: 14 h light-dark cycle) and sub-adult ones raised on long or short photoperiod from birth were measured in paired encounters in the cage of the adults. The patterns differences existed in the adult-subadult paired encounters between different photoperiod conditions. Among long photoperiod-paired encounters, intrasexual pairings, particularly adult male, subadult male encounters were more agonistic or fewer amicable acts than intersexual ones. Among short photoperiod pairings, adult male-subadult male, adult female-subadult male and adult female- subadult female were more agonistic than adult male-subadult female paring, and the mean of agonistic acts of adult female-subadult male was more than other adult Subadult pairing, and the counterpart under the long photoperiod. The resultsuggested that photoperiod influenced the social behaviors between adult and sub-adult Brandt’s voles. The present study indicated that agonistic behavior or tolerance by adult may be one of behavior mechanism underlies sub-adult dispersal recruitment and define the composition of over-wintering groups. It, then, regulated the seasonal difference in the structure in colony and spatial pattern of population to facilitated adaptation of Brandt’s voles to seasonally varying environmental condition in natural.

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HISTOCHEMICAL STUff OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE IN THE MYENTERIC PLEXUS OF MICROTUS MANDARINUS SMALL INTESTINE

LIU Mei,XU Jinhui,AN shucheng,TAT Fadao

2001, 21(3):  206-209. 

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The intramural neurons containing NOS in the small intestine of the Microtus mandarinus were studied by using NADPH-diaphorase histochemical method. The results showed: (1) The shapes and sizes of the positive neurons were different. In the ganglion and nerve strand, there existed a bread-like and"U" -shaped structure. (2) 12.4 ganglions are in every field and 8.5 neurons in every ganglion. (3) The proportion of NOS neurons is 27.2%. (4) The density of positive neurons are about 42.8 per square millimetre. Comparing with the experimental animals such as the rats the similarity and the difference were both existed.

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STUDY ON REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY OF NYCTALUS VELUTINUS

SRI Hongyan,WU Yi,HU Jinchu,LI Yanhong

2001, 21(3):  210-215. 

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With mark-recapture method and other methods such as sounds recording, photography, the reproductive ecology of Nyctalus velutinus in the campus of Sichuan Teachers' College were studied, and got the following results. Female Nyctalus velutinus formed maternity colonies in old buildings in Summer and raised infants without the help of males which had left out. They were gestated in middle or late April and labored in late May or early or middle June. Females each bore 2 infants once except a few only 1. The neonatal sex ratio was 1.1:1Young bats did not choose their mother, but mother bats only raised their own.. At the beginning of the 6th week, the infants first began learning to fly and hunt for food themselves. The survival rate before they could fly freely was 72.20%. Young bats maturated at approximately of 3 and a half months of age, and would mate in the first Autumn.

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ANIMAL' S POSTNATAL INSTANTANEOUS GROWTH RATE AND IT' S CALCULATION

SU Jianping，ZHANG Yanming，LTU Jike

2001, 21(3):  216-220. 

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Many researchers can not distinguish between the two terms, instantaneous growth rate and geometric growth rate. They use the following equation of calculating geometric growth rate to calculate animal’ s postnatal instantaneous growth rate: IGR = lnW₂-lnW₁/t₂-t₁
This misuse began in 1945 when Brody wrote the paper,“Time relation of growth of individuals and populations”, and was repeated by Lackey (1967). Since then, more and more researchers have repeated the same mistake. In this paper, the authors redefine the instantaneous growth rate as the first derivative of given measurements to time, that is IGR =dW / dt Here, W may be any measurement such as body weight, tail length, and so on.. The authors recommend procedures of calculating the instantaneous growth rate. First, the growth model should be established by fitting a sigmoidal equation to the observed growth data because animal’ s growth in most cases is sigmoidal. Second, find the first derivative, the equation representing the relationship between instantaneous gmMh rate and time. Third, use the equation to calculate instantaneous growth rate. Table 1 gives out the equation of calculating instantaneous growth rate for some growth models in common use. To show how to calculate instantaneous growth rate by the above procedures, growth data of body weight of male striped hamster ( Cricelulus barabensis) are used as examples, and the results are given out in table 2.

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COMMENTS ON THE DEER POPULATION SURVEY METHODS

TANG Jirong,XU Hongfa,XU Zhengqiang

2001, 21(3):  221-230. 

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Methods used in the survey of deer population were summarized. Their prerequisites, theoretical models, advantages and disadvantages, and sources of variation, were discussed. The ways of how to avoid common errors and to improve the precision of results in actual investigations, and the species having applied those methods for practical survey, were given.


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AN ANALYSIS OF RELATIVE FATNESS OF THE CAPE HARE (LEPUS CAPENSIS)

LU Xin

2001, 21(3):  231-233. 

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Body condition is one of the indicators of wildlife population status. Kidney fat index and weight-length index (body weight against cube body length) are two common indicators for species of lagomorph. The latter is more convenient to measure in game management practice. This paper analyzed relative fatness (RF) of the cape hare (Lepus capensis) one of the most important game animals in China.

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COURTSHIP BEHAVIOUR AN]) MATiNG BEHAVIOUR IN GANSU ZOKORS

LI Jingang,HE Jianping,WANG Tingzheng

2001, 21(3):  234-235. 

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SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF BODY SIZE IN ROOT VOLE (MICROTUS OECONOMUS)

DU Yurong,SU Jianping,LIU Jike

2001, 21(3):  236-239. 

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