Scientifically analyzing the population growth dynamics and determining its environmental carrying capacity for controlling the population?explosion?caused hazards, and it is very important for management of urban semi-free-ranging animals.In this article, the present population characteristics, population growth, environmental capacity, and the threat or hazards with respect to the semi-free-ranging rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) in Qianlingshan Park, Guiyang, Guizhou province, China, were all collected as follows.1) comparing the wild population, there are an over-crowed macaque population inhabited in a narrow area in this park with over-sized groups.Totally 1067 individuals belongs to 8 stable groups (group size：Min：47; Max：226，Mean±SD：133±67)

with 1.33 sex radio (♀/♂).The population density of whole park was 251 individuals per Km², but it can reach to 2134 individuals per Km2 within the tourist routes and surrounding areas where the macaque inhabit.2) the population is grown rapidly with high reproductive potential.An exponential curve (annual growth rate is 8.08%; formula of exponential curve is ( y=30.6789*exp[(x-1987)/8.7894+ 64.0193) illustrated the population growth since 1992.The age structure of present population showed as Adults>Juveniles>Infants, but among them, there is a large amount of sexual maturity individuals, namely large effective population size, with 1.50 sex radio (♀/♂), so which means high reproduction potentiality of the entire population.3) The environmental capacity of population is 792 individuals according to the K-value calculated from Logistic curve of population growth  ( y=792/(1+2.8495E+183*exp-0.2104x), which is approximately approaching to a specific range of population size that will lead the frequency curve of injury accident caused by macaques into a stable duration at a high level.Additionally, the influence on floristic diversity caused by macaque was investigated. The field survey and monitoring of population showed that, the bio?diversity loss, conflicts between human and macaques, and public health risk could emerge frequently due to the over?sized population and its inhabitation at narrow areas. According to results, we can suggest that the population sized should be control under the value of K/2, namely 400, by the ways of birth control or macaques deliver in to other places, which would be reasonable for minimizing the relative hazards. This paper could be helpful for the macaque’s conservation management of Qianlingshan Park, as well as a useful reference for urban wildlife-human conflict management in other cities.