In primates, consortship is an intersexual relationship in multi-male and multi-female groups, it is usually observed when an estrous/ receptive female is followed by an adult male, especially in the mating season among seasonally breeding species. Consortship is one of the behavioral strategies for males to improve their mating success. In order to investigate the constraints of energetic costs on this behavior, we studied 8-10 adult male Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) of YA1 group at Mt. Huangshan, Anhui. We used focal animal sampling, behavioral sampling and all occurrence recording to record adult male Tibetan macaque’s social behavior from August 2017 to January 2018. Here, we studied how male individuals maintain consortship by analyzing moving time, feeding time, mating frequency and urinary C-peptide levels (UCP: physiological indicator of the individual energy state) by using noninvasive measuring method . The results showed that there is no significant difference in moving time, but when males were in consortships, the feeding time and mating frequency increased significantly; when facing potential male-male competition in consortships, males’ feeding time was significantly decreased. In addition, there was no significant difference between consortships and non-consortships in UCP levels. These results suggest that male Tibetan macaques may adjust their behaviors according to energetic consumption situation and social environment surrounding females, this change can cause reduction in energetic cost in consortship and improve

the behavioral adaptability for maintaining consortships.