涠洲岛海域布氏鲸种群数量及体表伤痕评估

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150938

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 布氏鲸 (Balaenoptera edeni) 是国家一级重点保护野生动物。近年来调查显示，北部湾涠洲岛附近海域存在稳定分布的布氏鲸种群，这也是目前我国大陆近岸唯一稳定分布的大型须鲸种群。本团队自 2018 年 3 月至2023 年 2 月在涠洲岛附近海域开展照相识别研究，共拍摄 70 600 张照片，整理获得 44 724 张清晰布氏鲸照片，通过背鳍缺刻共识别出 59 头布氏鲸个体。但个体识别数据库曲线尚未到达平台期，每年仍有新个体被识别。进一步采用 POPAN 模型估算涠洲岛布氏鲸的种群数量为 89 头 (CV = 0.14，95%CI = 59 ~ 123 头)。2018—2023 年涠洲岛海域布氏鲸种群的年平均重捕率为 35.8%，多年份的比较结果显示有 29 头个体 (占总数的 49.2%) 有较高的栖息地忠诚度。根据体表伤痕，识别主要的伤害来自网具缠绕和船舶撞击。估算 2021—2023 年涠洲岛海域布氏鲸年均最小受伤率为 26.3% (n = 59，95%CI = 13.3% ~ 39.3%)，最大受伤率为 61.4% (95%CI = 51.0% ~ 71.8%)，表明涠洲岛布氏鲸存在明显的人类活动胁迫风险。我们呼吁进一步加强对涠洲岛海域布氏鲸种群的监测和研究，并严格实施各种人类活动管控，减轻对其种群生存的威胁。

关键词: 布氏鲸, 涠洲岛, 栖息地忠诚度, 种群数量估算, 受伤率

Abstract: The Bryde’s whale (Balaenoptera edeni) is a Class I key protected species in China, and recent surveys have shown the existence of a stable population in the waters off Weizhou Island in Beibu Gulf, which is currently the only stable population of large baleen whales near the coast of China’s mainland. Our team conducted a photo-identification study in the waters near Weizhou Island from March 2018 to February 2023 and obtained a total of 70 600 pictures. Among them, we recorded 44 724 clear pictures of Bryde’s whales and identified 59 individual Bryde’s whales by dorsal fin notching. However, the individual identification database curve has not yet reached a plateau, and new individuals are still being identified every year. The POPAN model was used to estimate the population size of Bryde’s whales on Weizhou Island to be 89 individuals (CV = 0. 14, 95% CI = 59 - 123). The average annual recapture rate of the Bryde’s whale population in the waters of Weizhou Island during 2018 - 2023 was 35. 8%, and the results of multi-year comparisons showed that 29 individuals (49. 2% of the total) had a higher level of habitat fidelity. Based on body surface injuries, the main injuries were identified as coming from entanglement in net gear and ship strikes. The estimated minimum injury rate for Bryde’s whales in the Weizhou waters during the period 2021 - 2023 was 26. 3% (n = 59, 95% CI = 13. 3% - 39. 3%), and the maximum injury rate was 61. 4% (95% CI = 51. 0% - 71. 8%), suggesting that there is a clear risk of anthropogenic coercion to Bryde’s whales in the Weizhou waters. We call for further strengthening the monitoring and research on the population of Bryde’s whales in the waters of Weizhou Island, as well as the strict implementation of various types of anthropogenic controls to mitigate the threats to the survival of their population.

Key words: Bryde’s whale (Balaenoptera edeni), Weizhou Island, Site fidelity, Population size estimation, Injury rate

中图分类号:

Q958.1

孙晓冬, 张瑶瑶, 农志文, 郑洋, 陈默, 郑劲松, 王丁, 梅志刚. 涠洲岛海域布氏鲸种群数量及体表伤痕评估[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(5): 694-706.

SUN Xiaodong, ZHANG Yaoyao, NONG Zhiwen, ZHENG Yang, CHEN Mo, ZHENG Jin-song, WANG Ding, MEI Zhigang. Assessment of the population size and body scarring of Bryde’s whales in the coastal waters off Weizhou Island, China[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 45(5): 694-706.

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