贵州省黑线姬鼠生活史特征

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150988

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 了解动物生活史特征，是解析动物生物学和生态学进程及其相关机制的基础。本研究收集了2016—2023年贵州省余庆县逐月夹捕监测的黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)性别、体质量、怀孕率、胎仔总数及2023年捕获鼠上下颌臼齿咀嚼面磨损程度和发情状况等数据。根据繁殖和发育情况，建立了该地区黑线姬鼠年龄划分的体质量标准，按照该标准，鉴定了研究期间各月种群的年龄结构组成，结合种群体质量的月变化规律，推断了各月种群的代际组成，最终勾画出该地区黑线姬鼠完整的生活史。结果显示，黑线姬鼠一个完整生命周期(1年)经历3个代际更迭，全年繁殖强度呈现4月(春季)和8月(夏秋季)达最高峰的双峰曲线，春季繁殖高峰期出生鼠大部分能存活至下一年1月，其寿命为4~9个月；夏秋季繁殖高峰期新生鼠是越冬及下一年春季繁殖峰的亲本主体，多数个体至下一年5—7月死亡，寿命为8~12个月。这种世代交替形成的黑线姬鼠完整的繁殖、生长发育及死亡生命接续周期，能够代表我国黑线姬鼠亚热带区种群生存并繁衍不息的基本规律。结果为该物种更深入的生态学研究提供了基础资料。

关键词: 黑线姬鼠, 年龄, 体质量, 代际, 生活史

Abstract: Understanding animal life history traits is fundamental to grasp animal biological and, ecological processes and the mechanisms associated with them. In this study, Apodemus agrarius was trapped monthly in a stationary field in Yuqing County, Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2023. All captured rodents were dissected, and their body mass, sex and reproductive condition was recorded. For pregnant females, the number of fetuses was counted. Additionally, for all rodents captured in 2023, the degree of wear on the right chewing surfaces of the maxillary molars and estrus condition were recorded. A criterion of body mass for the age division in A. agrarius in the region was established depending on the reproduction and development condition of each animal. Based on the body mass criterion, we analyzed the age structure in each monthly population, and inferred the generations of each animal in each monthly population combining the monthly pattern in mean body weight of the population over 12 months. We further outlined the complete life history of A. agrarius in the region. The results showed that there are three generations in a complete life cycle of A. agrarius over one year. The breeding intensity exhibited a bimodal curve throughout the year, with the highest peaks occurring in April (spring period) and August (summer and fall period). Most of the animals born in the spring died out until January of the following year, with a life span of approximately 4 - 9 months. Most of the animals born in the summer and fall live through the winter, and developed into the parents in the spring breeding period of the following year; most of them died out until the period from May to July, with a life span of approximately 8 - 12 months. The alternation of generations through the cycle of reproduction, growth and development, and death in the species may represent the basic law of survival and reproduction of the population in A. agrarius distributed in the subtropical zone of China. The results provide fundamental data for further ecological studies in this species.

Key words: Apodemus agrarius, Age, Weight, Intergeneration, Life history

中图分类号:

Q958.1

张一真, 白智江, 王涛, 陈燕, 王登. 贵州省黑线姬鼠生活史特征[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(4): 468-476.

ZHANG Yizhen, BAI Zhijiang, WANG Tao, CHEN Yan, WANG Deng. Life history traits in Apodemus agrarius in Guizhou Province[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 45(4): 468-476.

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