兽类学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 73-84.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.151017
马艺涵(
), 刘振山, 陈熙, 刘笑含, 彭霞, 刘新宇, 邢昕(
), 杨明(
)
收稿日期:2024-09-19
接受日期:2025-01-22
出版日期:2026-01-30
发布日期:2026-02-03
通讯作者:
邢昕,杨明
作者简介:马艺涵(2000- ),女,硕士研究生,主要从事生理生态学研究. E‑mail: 1975977354@qq.com
基金资助:
Yihan MA(
), Zhenshan LIU, Xi CHEN, Xiaohan LIU, Xia PENG, Xinyu LIU, Xin XING(
), Ming YANG(
)
Received:2024-09-19
Accepted:2025-01-22
Online:2026-01-30
Published:2026-02-03
Contact:
Xin XING, Ming YANG
摘要:
季节性繁殖是哺乳动物适应环境变化的一种策略,冬眠动物达乌尔黄鼠(Spermophilus dauricus)是典型的季节性繁殖动物,野外条件下每年只在春季出眠后交配繁殖一次。实验室条件下冬眠后人工配对繁殖技术还不成熟,该物种至今尚未实验动物化。维生素A(vitamin,VA)可以在哺乳动物体内代谢成维甲酸(retinoic acid,RA),近年来的研究发现RA可以促进精原细胞分化,精母细胞减数分裂以及圆形精子细胞变形为成熟精子。为了探究食物中的VA经消化吸收后是否可以在达乌尔黄鼠体内代谢成RA并对性腺产生影响,本研究将雄性达乌尔黄鼠分为三组,全年分别喂养不同VA含量的饲料:1VA组饲喂标准含量维生素A(17 500 IU/kg)的饲料;2VA组饲喂2倍含量维生素A(35 000 IU/kg)的饲料;0VA组饲喂0添加维生素A的饲料。在冬眠末期取材测定睾丸和附睾的表型特征与组织结构,检测睾丸中精原细胞分化的情况以及血清中的VA、RA、促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)和睾酮(testosterone,T)水平。结果显示2VA组和1VA组达乌尔黄鼠血清的VA、RA、GnRH、LH、FSH、T以及睾丸内生殖细胞视黄酸响应基因8(Stra8)和减数分裂重组基因8(Rec8)表达量均显著高于0VA组,但2VA组与1VA组达乌尔黄鼠体内的上述指标无显著差异。表明VA可以在达乌尔黄鼠体内代谢成RA,促进季节性繁殖雄性达乌尔黄鼠的性腺发育和精子发生。在饲料中添加过量VA对雄性达乌尔黄鼠的性腺无显著影响,但是饲料中去除VA会抑制精原细胞分化和精子发生。提示在人工饲养条件下食物中维生素A对达乌尔黄鼠的成功繁殖非常重要。
中图分类号:
马艺涵, 刘振山, 陈熙, 刘笑含, 彭霞, 刘新宇, 邢昕, 杨明. 食物中的维生素A对实验室冬眠越冬的雄性达乌尔黄鼠性腺的影响[J]. 兽类学报, 2026, 46(1): 73-84.
Yihan MA, Zhenshan LIU, Xi CHEN, Xiaohan LIU, Xia PENG, Xinyu LIU, Xin XING, Ming YANG. The effects of vitamin A in food on the testes of male Spermophilus dauricus in laboratory hibernation[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(1): 73-84.
| 组别Group | 饲料配方Feed mixture |
|---|---|
| 0VA | 玉米Corn(40.0%)、豆粕Soybean meal(20.0%)、面粉Flour(21.0%)、进口鱼粉Imported fishmeal(2.0%)、鸡肉粉Chicken meal(2.0%)、麦麸Wheat bran(5.0%)、玉米胚芽Corn germ(7.5%)、骨粉Bone meal(2.5%) |
| 1VA | 玉米Corn(40.0%)、豆粕Soybean meal(20.0%)、面粉Flour(20.0%)、进口鱼粉Imported fishmeal(2.0%)、鸡肉粉Chicken meal(2.0%)、麦麸Wheat bran(5.0%)、玉米胚芽Corn germ(7.5%)、骨粉Bone meal(2.5%)、维生素添加剂Vitamin supplements(1.0%) |
| 2VA | 玉米Corn(40.0%)、豆粕Soybean meal(20.0%)、面粉Flour(19.0%)、进口鱼粉Imported fishmeal(2.0%)、鸡肉粉Chicken meal(2.0%)、麦麸Wheat bran(5.0%)、玉米胚芽Corn germ(7.5%)、骨粉Bone meal(2.5%)、维生素添加剂Vitamin supplements(2.0%) |
表1 不同实验组饲料配方组成
Table 1 Composition of feed ingredients in different experimental groups
| 组别Group | 饲料配方Feed mixture |
|---|---|
| 0VA | 玉米Corn(40.0%)、豆粕Soybean meal(20.0%)、面粉Flour(21.0%)、进口鱼粉Imported fishmeal(2.0%)、鸡肉粉Chicken meal(2.0%)、麦麸Wheat bran(5.0%)、玉米胚芽Corn germ(7.5%)、骨粉Bone meal(2.5%) |
| 1VA | 玉米Corn(40.0%)、豆粕Soybean meal(20.0%)、面粉Flour(20.0%)、进口鱼粉Imported fishmeal(2.0%)、鸡肉粉Chicken meal(2.0%)、麦麸Wheat bran(5.0%)、玉米胚芽Corn germ(7.5%)、骨粉Bone meal(2.5%)、维生素添加剂Vitamin supplements(1.0%) |
| 2VA | 玉米Corn(40.0%)、豆粕Soybean meal(20.0%)、面粉Flour(19.0%)、进口鱼粉Imported fishmeal(2.0%)、鸡肉粉Chicken meal(2.0%)、麦麸Wheat bran(5.0%)、玉米胚芽Corn germ(7.5%)、骨粉Bone meal(2.5%)、维生素添加剂Vitamin supplements(2.0%) |
图1 饲喂维生素A含量不同的食物对达乌尔黄鼠血清维生素A(A)和维甲酸(B)的影响. 字母不同表示组间差异显著(P < 0.05)
Fig. 1 The effect of feeding Spermophilus dauricus with diets differing in vitamin A content on the levels of vitamin A (VA) (A) and Retinol acid (RA) (B) in their serum. Different letters indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05)
图2 饲喂维生素A含量不同的食物对达乌尔黄鼠体质量(A)、睾丸(B、D)和附睾(C、E)的影响. 字母不同表示组间差异显著(P < 0.05)
Fig. 2 The effect of feeding Spermophilus dauricus with diets differing in vitamin A content on the levels of body weight (A), testis (B, D) and epididymis tissue (C, E). Different letters indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05)
图3 达乌尔黄鼠性腺的外部形态以及睾丸和附睾组织切片比较. A:0VA组性腺外部形态;B:1VA组性腺外部形态;C:2VA组性腺外部形态;D:0VA组睾丸;E:1VA组睾丸;F:2VA组睾丸;G:0VA组睾丸组织切片;H:1VA组睾丸组织切片;I:2VA组睾丸组织切片;J:0VA组附睾组织切片;K:1VA组附睾组织切片;L:2VA组附睾组织切片. SP:精子
Fig. 3 Comparison of external genitals morphology and sections of testis and epididymis tissue of Spermophilus dauricus in different groups. A: external genitals morphology of the group of 0VA; B: external genitals morphology of the group of 1VA; C: external genitals morphology of the group of 2VA; D: testicle of the group of 0VA; E: testicle of the group of 1VA; F: testicle of the group of 2VA; G: sections of testicle of the group of 0VA; H: sections of testicle of the group of 1VA; I: sections of testicle of the group of 2VA; J: sections of epididymis tissue of the group of 0VA; K: sections of epididymis tissue of the group of 1VA; I: sections of epididymis tissue of the group of 2VA. SP: sperm
图4 饲喂维生素A含量不同的食物对达乌尔黄鼠血清HPG轴促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)和睾酮(T)水平的影响. 字母不同表示组间差异显著(P < 0.05)
Fig. 4 The effect of feeding Spermophilus dauricus with diets differing in vitamin A content on the levels of hormones along the HPG axis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone (T) in serum. Different letters indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05)
图5 饲喂维生素A含量不同的食物对达乌尔黄鼠睾丸中STRA8和REC8的影响. A:0VA组STRA8;B:1VA组STRA8;C:2VA组STRA8;D:STRA8组织化学评分;E:0VA组REC8;F:1VA组REC8;G:2VA组REC8;H:REC8组织化学评分. 字母不同表示组间差异显著(P < 0.05)
Fig.5 The effect of feeding Spermophilus dauricus with diets differing in vitamin A content on the levels of STRA8 and REC8 of testicle. A: STRA8 of the group of 0VA; B: STRA8 of the group of 1VA; C: STRA8 of the group of 2VA; D: histochemistry score of STRA8; E: REC8 of the group of 0VA; F: REC8 of the group of 1VA; G: REC8 of the group of 2VA; H: histochemistry score of REC8. Different letters indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05)
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