青海地区猕猴亚种归属与种群现状

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.151002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 猕猴（Macaca mulatta）为国家二级重点保护野生动物，是青海省现生的唯一一种非人灵长类动物，仅分布于玉树藏族自治州和果洛藏族自治州的南部林区。明确青海省野生猕猴的亚种归属，掌握其种群动态及分布现状，对猕猴的有效保护具有重要意义。2021年1月，使用非损伤性采样方法，分别在青海省玉树白扎林区和果洛玛可河林区，获得猕猴1份肌肉组织样品和6份粪便样品。基于16S rRNA和Cyt b基因序列的系统发育分析结果，确认分布于玉树和果洛的猕猴分别为西藏亚种（M.m.vestita）和川西亚种（M.m.lasiotus）。基于2021年1月至2023年5月红外相机监测数据，共获得猕猴存在位点91处，计838个独立事件。利用MaxEnt模型预测猕猴适宜栖息地面积分别为137~385 km² （白扎林区）和207~750 km² （玛可河林区），发现青海地区的猕猴偏好在海拔较低、有一定坡度、距河流较近、向阳的森林和耕地等生境中活动。2021年和2022年冬季，在猕猴历史记录地区（玉树白扎林区和江西林区、果洛玛可河林区）进行重复样线调查，共记录野生猕猴24群约1 580只，数量较40年前增长43.8%。采用随机相遇模型，估计白扎和玛可河林区猕猴种群数量分别为73~205只和413~1 497只。本研究可望为青海省的生物多样性保护提供基础数据和技术支撑。

关键词: 猕猴, 亚种, 种群数量, 栖息地, 红外相机, 青海省

Abstract: The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is the only non-human primate species currently living in Qinghai Province, distributed solely in the southern forest areas of Yushu and Guoluo Zang Autonomous Prefectures. Identifying the subspecies of wild macaques in Qinghai, understanding their population dynamics, and distribution is of great significance for their conservation. In January 2021, one muscle tissue (Baizha, Yushu) and six fecal samples (Makehe, Guoluo) of rhesus macaque were collected by non-invasive sampling, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the 16S rRNA and Cyt b genes. It confirmed that the rhesus macaques distributed in Yushu and Guoluo were the Tibetan subspecies (M. m. vestita) and the Sichuan subspecies (M. m. lasiotus), respectively. From January 2021 to May 2023, infrared camera monitoring yielded 91 present sites and 838 independent events of rhesus macaque. Using MaxEnt modeling, the suitable habitat area for macaques was predicted to be 137 - 385 km² (Baizha) and 207 - 750 km² (Makehe). The results indicated that rhesus macaques preferred the habitat of lower altitude, sloping, river-adjacent, sunny forests and farmlands. Transect surveys and random encounter model were used to estimate the macaque population. Following repeated transect surveys in winter 2021 and 2022, conducting at historical record sites (Baizha and Jiangxi in Yushu, Makehe in Guoluo), a total of 24 macaque groups with approximately 1 580 individuals were recorded, with an increase of 43. 8% in individuals compared to 40 years ago. The random encounter model estimated the macaque population in Baizha and Makehe to be 73 - 205 and 413 - 1 497 individuals, respectively. The research can provide references and technical support for biodiversity conservation in Qinghai Province.

Key words: Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), Subspecies, Population, Habitat, Infrared camera traps, Qinghai Province

中图分类号:

Q958.1

孙楠, 李国刚, 薛顺芝, 路纪琪. 青海地区猕猴亚种归属与种群现状[J]. 兽类学报, 2026, 46(1): 47-59.

SUN Nan, LI Guogang, XUE Shunzhi, LU Jiqi. Subspecies affiliation and population status of rhesus macaque in Qinghai, China[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(1): 47-59.

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