兽类学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 199-208.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.151020
兰洁1, 李红凤1, 韦雪敏1, 王玉昊1, 张文强2, 许一菲1(
)
收稿日期:2024-10-14
接受日期:2025-02-27
出版日期:2026-03-30
发布日期:2026-03-06
通讯作者:
许一菲
作者简介:兰洁(2000- ),女,硕士研究生,主要从事病原生态学研究.
基金资助:
Jie LAN1, Hongfeng LI1, Xuemin WEI1, Yuhao WANG1, Wenqiang ZHANG2, Yifei XU1(
)
Received:2024-10-14
Accepted:2025-02-27
Online:2026-03-30
Published:2026-03-06
Contact:
Yifei XU
摘要:
啮齿类、蝙蝠类和非人灵长类被广泛认为是与人类共享病原体较多的哺乳动物类群。比较这3个哺乳动物类群作为人兽共患病原储存和传播宿主的重要性,对于预防哺乳动物源的人类新发传染病具有重要意义。本研究整合了数据库中啮齿类(啮齿目)、蝙蝠类(翼手目)和非人灵长类动物的宿主‑病原相互作用信息,分别构建了针对总病原和人类相关病原的宿主‑病原网络和病原共享网络,并比较了这三类哺乳动物病原体的多样性及其传播病原的能力。结果表明,非人灵长类动物在人类相关病原的出现和传播中发挥的作用高于啮齿类和蝙蝠类动物。具体而言,非人灵长类动物每个物种平均携带的人类相关病原比例高于其他两类,显示出其较强的人类相关病原携带能力。此外,非人灵长类的病原和人类相关病原共享网络均表现出较高的连通性,表明病原可能更容易在非人灵长类物种之间传播。另一方面,蝙蝠类动物所携带的病原和人类相关病原中病毒的比例均较高,强调了蝙蝠在人类相关病毒出现与传播中的重要角色。啮齿类网络中心物种的中心性高于蝙蝠类和非人灵长类,提示该类群在病原传播中的作用同样不可忽视。本研究为深入理解啮齿类、蝙蝠类与非人灵长类动物在人类相关病原出现与传播中的重要性提供了新的见解,对识别潜在的人类新发传染病宿主具有重要的应用价值。
中图分类号:
兰洁, 李红凤, 韦雪敏, 王玉昊, 张文强, 许一菲. 啮齿类、蝙蝠类和非人灵长类动物作为疫病病原体储存与传播宿主的比较[J]. 兽类学报, 2026, 46(2): 199-208.
Jie LAN, Hongfeng LI, Xuemin WEI, Yuhao WANG, Wenqiang ZHANG, Yifei XU. Comparison of rodents, bats, and non-human primates as reservoirs and vectors of microbes[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(2): 199-208.
共享网络 Sharing networks | 目 Order | 标准化系数 Standardized regression coefficient | t值 t value | P值 P value | 多元相关平方 R² |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
病原共享网络 Microbe-sharing networks | 啮齿目 Rodentia | 4.06e-05 | 62.37 | P < 0.001 | 0.17 |
| 翼手目 Chiroptera | 2.70e-02 | 45.20 | P < 0.001 | 0.07 | |
| 灵长目 Primates | 2.13e-04 | 15.97 | P < 0.001 | 0.03 | |
人类相关病原共享网络 Human-associated microbe-sharing networks | 啮齿目 Rodentia | 2.61e-05 | 50.99 | P < 0.001 | 0.17 |
| 翼手目 Chiroptera | 1.32e-02 | 42.09 | P < 0.001 | 0.09 | |
| 灵长目 Primates | 1.43e-04 | 16.01 | P < 0.001 | 0.03 |
表1 病原共享网络中共享病原数量和采样工作量的回归结果
Table 1 Regression results of the number of shared microbes and sampling efforts in different microbe-sharing networks
共享网络 Sharing networks | 目 Order | 标准化系数 Standardized regression coefficient | t值 t value | P值 P value | 多元相关平方 R² |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
病原共享网络 Microbe-sharing networks | 啮齿目 Rodentia | 4.06e-05 | 62.37 | P < 0.001 | 0.17 |
| 翼手目 Chiroptera | 2.70e-02 | 45.20 | P < 0.001 | 0.07 | |
| 灵长目 Primates | 2.13e-04 | 15.97 | P < 0.001 | 0.03 | |
人类相关病原共享网络 Human-associated microbe-sharing networks | 啮齿目 Rodentia | 2.61e-05 | 50.99 | P < 0.001 | 0.17 |
| 翼手目 Chiroptera | 1.32e-02 | 42.09 | P < 0.001 | 0.09 | |
| 灵长目 Primates | 1.43e-04 | 16.01 | P < 0.001 | 0.03 |
经校正的加权节点统计指标 Weighted nodal statistics indicators have been adjusted | 病原共享网络 Microbe-sharing networks | 人类相关病原共享网络 Human-associated microbe-sharing networks | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
啮齿类 (啮齿目) Rodents(Rodentia) | 蝙蝠类 (翼手目) Bats(Chiroptera) | 非人灵长类 Non-human primates | 啮齿类 (啮齿目) Rodents(Rodentia) | 蝙蝠类 (翼手目) Bats(Chiroptera) | 非人灵长类 Non-human primates | |
| 度数 Degree | -0.51 | 0.50 | -0.50 | 0.51 | 0.50 | -0.50 |
| 接近中心性 Closeness | -0.48 | 0.50 | -0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | -0.50 |
| 特征向量中心性 Eigen | -0.50 | 0.50 | -0.50 | 0.49 | 0.50 | -0.50 |
| PR中心性 Pr_evcent | -0.50 | 0.50 | -0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | -0.50 |
PC1方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate of PC1 | 94.82% | 98.27% | 98.69% | 96.72% | 98.15% | 99.08% |
表2 病原共享网络中心性指标的主成分分析PC1结果
Table 2 Results of PC1 from principal component analysis of centrality indicators in different microbe-sharing networks
经校正的加权节点统计指标 Weighted nodal statistics indicators have been adjusted | 病原共享网络 Microbe-sharing networks | 人类相关病原共享网络 Human-associated microbe-sharing networks | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
啮齿类 (啮齿目) Rodents(Rodentia) | 蝙蝠类 (翼手目) Bats(Chiroptera) | 非人灵长类 Non-human primates | 啮齿类 (啮齿目) Rodents(Rodentia) | 蝙蝠类 (翼手目) Bats(Chiroptera) | 非人灵长类 Non-human primates | |
| 度数 Degree | -0.51 | 0.50 | -0.50 | 0.51 | 0.50 | -0.50 |
| 接近中心性 Closeness | -0.48 | 0.50 | -0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | -0.50 |
| 特征向量中心性 Eigen | -0.50 | 0.50 | -0.50 | 0.49 | 0.50 | -0.50 |
| PR中心性 Pr_evcent | -0.50 | 0.50 | -0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | -0.50 |
PC1方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate of PC1 | 94.82% | 98.27% | 98.69% | 96.72% | 98.15% | 99.08% |
图1 宿主目每个物种平均携带的病原和人类相关病原种类数量(A),宿主目每个物种携带的人类相关病原比例(B),及宿主目病原(C)和人类相关病原多样性NMDS分析结果(D)
Fig. 1 Average number of microbes and human-associated microbes species carried by per species of the host order (A), proportion of human-associated microbes carried by per species of the host order (B) and results of NMDS analyses of the richness of microbes (C) and human-associated microbes among three host orders (D)
| 项目Item | 宿主‑病原网络 Host-microbe networks | 宿主-人类相关病原网络 Host-human-associated microbe networks | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
啮齿类 (啮齿目) Rodents(Rodentia) | 蝙蝠类 (翼手目) Bats(Chiroptera) | 非人灵长类 Non-human primates | 啮齿类 (啮齿目) Rodents(Rodentia) | 蝙蝠类 (翼手目) Bats(Chiroptera) | 非人灵长类 Non-human primates | |
| 宿主 Host | 650 | 514 | 219 | 432 | 350 | 194 |
| 病原 Microbe | 4 535 | 4 618 | 1 588 | 617 | 285 | 362 |
| 病毒 Viruses | 2 218 | 3 581 | 991 | 202 | 126 | 146 |
| 细菌 Bacteria | 1 766 | 621 | 332 | 382 | 122 | 185 |
| 原生生物 Protists | 420 | 128 | 247 | 27 | 11 | 27 |
| 真菌 Fungi | 131 | 288 | 18 | 6 | 26 | 4 |
每个宿主物种的病原种类 Number of microbes per host species | 12.91 | 17.09 | 19.07 | 6.40 | 5.02 | 9.54 |
每个病原的宿主物种数量 Number of host species per microbe | 1.85 | 1.90 | 2.63 | 4.48 | 6.17 | 5.11 |
表3 宿主-病原网络的网络统计
Table 3 Network statistics of Host-microbe networks
| 项目Item | 宿主‑病原网络 Host-microbe networks | 宿主-人类相关病原网络 Host-human-associated microbe networks | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
啮齿类 (啮齿目) Rodents(Rodentia) | 蝙蝠类 (翼手目) Bats(Chiroptera) | 非人灵长类 Non-human primates | 啮齿类 (啮齿目) Rodents(Rodentia) | 蝙蝠类 (翼手目) Bats(Chiroptera) | 非人灵长类 Non-human primates | |
| 宿主 Host | 650 | 514 | 219 | 432 | 350 | 194 |
| 病原 Microbe | 4 535 | 4 618 | 1 588 | 617 | 285 | 362 |
| 病毒 Viruses | 2 218 | 3 581 | 991 | 202 | 126 | 146 |
| 细菌 Bacteria | 1 766 | 621 | 332 | 382 | 122 | 185 |
| 原生生物 Protists | 420 | 128 | 247 | 27 | 11 | 27 |
| 真菌 Fungi | 131 | 288 | 18 | 6 | 26 | 4 |
每个宿主物种的病原种类 Number of microbes per host species | 12.91 | 17.09 | 19.07 | 6.40 | 5.02 | 9.54 |
每个病原的宿主物种数量 Number of host species per microbe | 1.85 | 1.90 | 2.63 | 4.48 | 6.17 | 5.11 |
图2 病原共享网络. 啮齿类(啮齿目)(A)总病原和人类相关(B)病原共享网络;蝙蝠类(翼手目)(C)总病原和人类相关(D)病原共享网络;非人灵长类(E)总病原和人类相关(F)病原共享网络
Fig. 2 Microbe-sharing networks. Rodents (Rodentia) (A) total and human-associated (B) microbe-sharing networks; Rats (Chiroptera) (C) total and human-associated (D) microbe-sharing networks; Non-human primates (E) total and human-associated (F) microbe-sharing networks
网络统计指标 Network statistical indicators | 病原共享网络 Microbe-sharing networks | 人类相关病原共享网络 Human-associated microbe-sharing networks | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
啮齿类 (啮齿目) Rodents (Rodentia) | 蝙蝠类 (翼手目) Bats (Chiroptera) | 非人灵长类 Non-human primates | P值 P value | 啮齿类 (啮齿目) Rodents (Rodentia) | 蝙蝠类 (翼手目) Bats (Chiroptera) | 非人灵长类 Non-human primates | P值 P value | ||
| 同配系数 Assortativity | -0.19 | -0.20 | -0.19 | -0.19 | -0.12 | -0.19 | |||
| 聚类系数 Transitivity | 0.47 | 0.60 | 0.72 | 0.50 | 0.72 | 0.74 | |||
| 网络密度 Density | 0.11 | 0.22 | 0.42 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.48 | |||
| 平均度 Mean degree | 64.73 | 106.98 | 88.42 | 59.49 | 98.23 | 90.66 | |||
平均加权度 Mean weighted degree | 121.83 | 219.41 | 248.35 | P < 0.000 1 | 105.90 | 144.43 | 207.84 | P < 0.000 1 | |
校正后的平均加权度 Corrected mean weighted degree | 3 919.03 | 4 211.73 | 1 767.55 | P < 0.000 1 | 2 150.66 | 1 149.16 | 1 255.70 | P < 0.000 1 | |
表4 病原共享网络的统计指标及P值
Table 4 Statistical indicators and P-values for microbe-sharing networks
网络统计指标 Network statistical indicators | 病原共享网络 Microbe-sharing networks | 人类相关病原共享网络 Human-associated microbe-sharing networks | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
啮齿类 (啮齿目) Rodents (Rodentia) | 蝙蝠类 (翼手目) Bats (Chiroptera) | 非人灵长类 Non-human primates | P值 P value | 啮齿类 (啮齿目) Rodents (Rodentia) | 蝙蝠类 (翼手目) Bats (Chiroptera) | 非人灵长类 Non-human primates | P值 P value | ||
| 同配系数 Assortativity | -0.19 | -0.20 | -0.19 | -0.19 | -0.12 | -0.19 | |||
| 聚类系数 Transitivity | 0.47 | 0.60 | 0.72 | 0.50 | 0.72 | 0.74 | |||
| 网络密度 Density | 0.11 | 0.22 | 0.42 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.48 | |||
| 平均度 Mean degree | 64.73 | 106.98 | 88.42 | 59.49 | 98.23 | 90.66 | |||
平均加权度 Mean weighted degree | 121.83 | 219.41 | 248.35 | P < 0.000 1 | 105.90 | 144.43 | 207.84 | P < 0.000 1 | |
校正后的平均加权度 Corrected mean weighted degree | 3 919.03 | 4 211.73 | 1 767.55 | P < 0.000 1 | 2 150.66 | 1 149.16 | 1 255.70 | P < 0.000 1 | |
图3 病原(A)和人类相关病原(B)共享网络节点统计指标及病原(C)和人类相关病原(D)共享网络中心物种节点统计指标
Fig. 3 Statistical indicators for microbes (A) and human-associated (B) microbe-sharing network nodes, and statistical indicators for microbes (C) and human-associated (D) microbe-sharing network nodes of the central species
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