Abstract: Detailed observations of allomaternal behaviors are critical for clearly understanding the maternal benefit and influencing factors of allomaternal behaviors in Rhinopithecus roxellana.From March to November 2019,allomaternal behaviors of <6 months old infants were observed,using focus animal sampling and instantaneous scan sampling methods at Dalongtan,Shennongjia National Park,China.We found that the time non-maternal caregivers spent in allomaternal behaviors was significantly negatively correlated with infant age.The gender and reproductive experience were significant related to non-maternal behavior,while the sex and birth date of infants did not.When infants were cared for by non-maternal caregivers,the mothers' feeding and grooming time significantly increased.Therefore,mothers' benefit from allomaternal behavior were feeding efficiency and meet their hygiene and social needs when they were released form baby taking.In addition,juveniles learn some reproductive experience from allomaternal behaviour.Therefore,this study support learning-to-mother hypothesis and maternal relief hypothesis.

Key words: Rhinopithecus roxellana, Allomaternal behavior, Paternal care, Maternal benefit

摘要： 灵长类社会中存在着非母亲成员（成年雌猴、青少年猴和成年雄猴）对婴儿的照料行为，即非母亲照料行为，该行为直接影响新生婴儿的存活与发育以及婴儿母亲的日常活动，是灵长类学研究领域的热点问题。本研究于2019年3月至2019年11月，采用焦点动物取样和瞬时扫描取样，探究了川金丝猴非母亲照料行为的影响因素及其对母亲活动分配的影响。结果表明：非母亲照料行为时长与婴猴月龄呈负相关；非母亲照料行为与照料者性别和生育经验有关，与婴猴性别和出生先后无关；当非母亲照料婴猴时，母亲的取食和理毛时长明显增加。研究结果支持学习育幼假说和母亲压力缓解假说，非母亲成员积极照料婴猴既能学习到育幼经验，又能帮助母亲获得更多取食时间，满足母亲的清洁和社交需求。

关键词: 川金丝猴, 非母亲照料行为, 雄—婴间关系, 母亲获益