ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 744-758.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.151162
• ORIGINAL PAPERS • Previous Articles Next Articles
Binpeng WANG1(
), Danhui ZHANG2, Zhimei YANG3, Yueting PAN3, Xiaobin LUO2, Ran MO1, Linsen ZAN3, Xiaoyu WANG2(
), Chugang MEI1(
)
Online:2026-09-30
Published:2026-08-12
Contact:
Xiaoyu WANG, Chugang MEI
王斌鹏1(
), 张丹辉2, 杨志梅3, 潘月婷3, 罗晓斌2, 莫然1, 昝林森3, 王晓宇2(
), 梅楚刚1(
)
通讯作者:
王晓宇,梅楚刚
作者简介:王斌鹏(2000- ),男,硕士,主要从事微生物功能基因组学研究. E‐mail:wangbp0127@163.com
基金资助:CLC Number:
Binpeng WANG, Danhui ZHANG, Zhimei YANG, Yueting PAN, Xiaobin LUO, Ran MO, Linsen ZAN, Xiaoyu WANG, Chugang MEI. Analysis of structural and functional differences in the gut microbiota between juvenile and adult captive giant pandas in the Qinling region[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(5): 744-758.
王斌鹏, 张丹辉, 杨志梅, 潘月婷, 罗晓斌, 莫然, 昝林森, 王晓宇, 梅楚刚. 秦岭圈养大熊猫幼年期与成年期肠道菌群结构及功能差异解析[J]. 兽类学报, 2026, 46(5): 744-758.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX
| 组名 Group | 编号 Number | 年龄 Age | 日粮组成 Diet composition | 出生地 Birthplace |
|---|---|---|---|---|
幼年组 Juvenile | A1 | 2月龄 2 months old | 母乳,每天3次,每次100 g Breast milk, 3 times/day, 100 g/time | 秦岭大熊猫研究中心 (陕西省珍稀野生动物救护基地) Research Center for the Qinling Giant Panda (Shaanxi Rare Wildlife Rescue Base) |
| A2 | 3月龄 3 months old | 母乳,每天3次,每次130 g Breast milk, 3 times/day, 130 g/time | ||
| A3 | 4月龄 4 months old | 母乳,每天2次,每次220 g Breast milk, 2 times/day,220 g/time | ||
成年组 Adult | B1 | 62月龄 62 months old | 竹子30 kg,苹果0.25 kg,胡萝卜1 kg, 南瓜1 kg,窝窝头300 g Bamboo 30 kg, apple 0.25 kg, carrot 1 kg, pumpkin 1 kg, steamed corn bun 300 g | |
| B2 | 63月龄 63 months old | |||
| B3 | 63月龄 63 months old |
Table 1 The basic information of the tested pandas
| 组名 Group | 编号 Number | 年龄 Age | 日粮组成 Diet composition | 出生地 Birthplace |
|---|---|---|---|---|
幼年组 Juvenile | A1 | 2月龄 2 months old | 母乳,每天3次,每次100 g Breast milk, 3 times/day, 100 g/time | 秦岭大熊猫研究中心 (陕西省珍稀野生动物救护基地) Research Center for the Qinling Giant Panda (Shaanxi Rare Wildlife Rescue Base) |
| A2 | 3月龄 3 months old | 母乳,每天3次,每次130 g Breast milk, 3 times/day, 130 g/time | ||
| A3 | 4月龄 4 months old | 母乳,每天2次,每次220 g Breast milk, 2 times/day,220 g/time | ||
成年组 Adult | B1 | 62月龄 62 months old | 竹子30 kg,苹果0.25 kg,胡萝卜1 kg, 南瓜1 kg,窝窝头300 g Bamboo 30 kg, apple 0.25 kg, carrot 1 kg, pumpkin 1 kg, steamed corn bun 300 g | |
| B2 | 63月龄 63 months old | |||
| B3 | 63月龄 63 months old |
| 样品 Sample | 高质量reads数 Clean reads | 有效碱基总数 Clean data/bp | 质控后碱基GC含量 GC/% | Q20/% | Q30/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | 85 996 110 | 12 891 207 670 | 49.17 | 97.36 | 92.62 |
| A2 | 80 685 546 | 12 096 032 915 | 53.26 | 97.77 | 93.60 |
| A3 | 65 251 992 | 9 780 335 742 | 43.53 | 97.13 | 92.08 |
| B1 | 62 875 460 | 9 425 792 981 | 45.35 | 97.64 | 93.12 |
| B2 | 66 260 324 | 9 930 960 623 | 45.48 | 97.43 | 92.69 |
| B3 | 63 647 344 | 9 542 239 488 | 45.28 | 97.66 | 93.19 |
Table 2 Sample sequencing information
| 样品 Sample | 高质量reads数 Clean reads | 有效碱基总数 Clean data/bp | 质控后碱基GC含量 GC/% | Q20/% | Q30/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | 85 996 110 | 12 891 207 670 | 49.17 | 97.36 | 92.62 |
| A2 | 80 685 546 | 12 096 032 915 | 53.26 | 97.77 | 93.60 |
| A3 | 65 251 992 | 9 780 335 742 | 43.53 | 97.13 | 92.08 |
| B1 | 62 875 460 | 9 425 792 981 | 45.35 | 97.64 | 93.12 |
| B2 | 66 260 324 | 9 930 960 623 | 45.48 | 97.43 | 92.69 |
| B3 | 63 647 344 | 9 542 239 488 | 45.28 | 97.66 | 93.19 |
样品 Sample | Contigs总数 Contigs No. | Contigs总长 Contigs total length/bp | Contigs平均长度 Contigs average length/bp | Contigs长度最大值 Contigs maximum contigs length/bp | Contigs长度最小值 Contigs minimum contigs length/bp | N50值 N50/bp | N90值 N90/bp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | 11 001 | 49 624 552 | 4 510.91 | 830 781 | 500 | 25 851 | 1 381 |
| A2 | 20 059 | 75 770 877 | 3 777.40 | 544 716 | 500 | 11 720 | 1 170 |
| A3 | 22 253 | 52 059 617 | 2 339.44 | 830 985 | 500 | 11 969 | 686 |
| B1 | 35 335 | 59 385 152 | 1 680.63 | 92 515 | 500 | 2 988 | 621 |
| B2 | 53 247 | 72 411 477 | 1 359.92 | 140 979 | 500 | 1 840 | 577 |
| B3 | 43 970 | 64 211 550 | 1 460.35 | 116 002 | 500 | 2 207 | 591 |
Table 3 Statistical table of assembly results
样品 Sample | Contigs总数 Contigs No. | Contigs总长 Contigs total length/bp | Contigs平均长度 Contigs average length/bp | Contigs长度最大值 Contigs maximum contigs length/bp | Contigs长度最小值 Contigs minimum contigs length/bp | N50值 N50/bp | N90值 N90/bp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | 11 001 | 49 624 552 | 4 510.91 | 830 781 | 500 | 25 851 | 1 381 |
| A2 | 20 059 | 75 770 877 | 3 777.40 | 544 716 | 500 | 11 720 | 1 170 |
| A3 | 22 253 | 52 059 617 | 2 339.44 | 830 985 | 500 | 11 969 | 686 |
| B1 | 35 335 | 59 385 152 | 1 680.63 | 92 515 | 500 | 2 988 | 621 |
| B2 | 53 247 | 72 411 477 | 1 359.92 | 140 979 | 500 | 1 840 | 577 |
| B3 | 43 970 | 64 211 550 | 1 460.35 | 116 002 | 500 | 2 207 | 591 |
组名 Group | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | Ace指数 Ace index | Shannon指数 Shannon index | Simpson指数 Simpson index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 102.083 | 102.706 | 2.411 | 0.719 |
| B | 270.833 | 271.204 | 1.369 | 0.385 |
| P值 P-value | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
Table 4 α diversity analysis fecal microbial community
组名 Group | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | Ace指数 Ace index | Shannon指数 Shannon index | Simpson指数 Simpson index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 102.083 | 102.706 | 2.411 | 0.719 |
| B | 270.833 | 271.204 | 1.369 | 0.385 |
| P值 P-value | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
Fig. 2 Gut microbial composition of juvenile and adult giant pandas. a: Venn diagram at the phylum level; b: Venn diagram at the genus level; c: Venn diagram at the species level; d: Relative abundance at the phylum level; e: Relative abundance at the genus level; f: Relative abundance at the species level
Fig. 3 Differences in gut microbial relative abundance between juvenile and adult giant pandas at the phylum, genus, and species levels. a: Phylum level; b: Genus level; c: Species level
Fig. 4 Annotation results of the CAZy database. a: Annotation results at Level 1 of the CAZy database; b: Annotation results at Level 2 of the CAZy database; c: LEfSe analysis results; d: Differential functional analysis results at Level 2
Fig. 5 Annotation results of the KEGG database. a: Level 1 annotation; b: Level 2 annotation; c: Differential analysis at Level 1; d: Differential analysis at Level 2
| Langmead B, Salzberg S L,2012. Fast gapped‑read alignment with Bowtie 2[J].Nature Methods,9(4):357‑359. DOI:10.1038/nmeth.1923 . | |
| Buchfink B, Xie C, Huson D H,2015. Fast and sensitive protein alignment using DIAMOND[J]. Nature Methods,12(1):59‑60. DOI:10.1038/nmeth.3176 . | |
| Cai Tiangui,2022. Study on the antibiotic resistance of giant panda gut microbiome,habitat soil microorganisms and giant pandas staple bamboo[D]. Nanchong:China West Normal University. DOI:10.27859/d.cnki.gxhsf.2022.000474. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| Chen H B, Boutros P,2011. VennDiagram:a package for the generation of highly‑customizable Venn and Euler diagrams in R[J]. BMC Bioinformatics,12(1):35. DOI:10.1186/1471- 2105-12-35 . | |
| Chen S F, Zhou Y Q, Chen Y R, Gu J,2018. fastp:an ultra‑fast all‑in‑one FASTQ preprocessor[J]. Bioinformatics(Oxford,England),34(17):884‑890. DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/bty560 . | |
| Chen Tingting, Yao Ying, Dong Yanpeng, Zhou Xinyu, Li Ming‐xi,2024. Research progress in the influencing factors of the gut microbiota in giant pandas[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica,64(11):4069‑4085. DOI:10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240300. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| Cui X Y, Zhang Q R, Zhang Q D, Chen H, Liu G Q, Zhu L F,2022. The putative maintaining mechanism of gut bacterial ecosystem in giant pandas and its potential application in conservation[J]. Evolutionary Applications,16(1):36‑47. DOI:10.1111/eva.13494 . | |
| Deng F L, Wang C D, Li D S, Peng Y J, Deng L H, Zhao Y X, Zhang Z H, Wei M, Wu K, Zhao J C, Li Y,2023. The unique gut microbiome of giant pandas involved in protein metabolism contributes to the host’s dietary adaption to bamboo[J]. Microbiome,11(1):180‑180. DOI:10.1186/S40168-023-01603-0 . | |
| Ding Yun,2017. Exploring the dynamics of the developing captive giant panda gut microbiota[D]. Nanchang:Nanchang University.(in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| Froidurot A, Jacotot E, Julliand S, Grimm P, Julliand V,2024. Fibrobacter sp.HC4,a newly isolated strain,demonstrates a high cellulolytic activity as revealed by enzymatic measurements and in vitro assay[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,e0051424. DOI:10.1128/aem.00514-24 . | |
| Fu L M, Niu B F, Zhu Z W, Wu S T, Li W Z,2012. CD‑HIT:accelerated for clustering the next‑generation sequencing data[J]. Bioinformatics(Oxford,England),28(23):3150‑2. DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts565 . | |
| Fu Y H, Jia F R, Su J F, Xu X Y, Zhang Y Q, Li X Z, Jiang X, Schäffer A, Virta M, Tiedje J M, Wang F,2024. Co‑occurrence patterns of gut microbiome,antibiotic resistome and the perturbation of dietary uptake in captive giant pandas[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,471:134252. DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134252 . | |
| Guo M, Chen J W, Li Q F, Fu Y, Fan G Y, Ma J M, Peng L, Zeng L Y, Chen J, Wang Y Y, Lee S M Y,2018. Dynamics of gut microbiome in giant panda cubs reveal transitional microbes and pathways in early life[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology,9:3138. DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2018.03138 . | |
| Guo W, Chen Y F, Wang C D, Ning R H, Zeng B, Tang J S, Li C W, Zhang M W, Li Y, Ni Q Y, Ni X Q, Zhang H M, Li D S, Zhao J C, Li Y,2020. The carnivorous digestive system and bamboo diet of giant pandas may shape their low gut bacterial diversity[J]. Conservation Physiology,8(1):coz104. DOI:10.1093/conphys/coz104 . | |
| Guo W, Mishra S, Zhao J, Tang J S, Zeng B, Kong F L, Ning R H, Li M, Zhang H Z, Zeng Y T, Tian Y L Z, Zhong Y H, Luo H D, Liu Y H, Yang J D, Yang M Y, Zhang M W, Li Y, Ni Q Y, Li C W, Wang C D, Li D S, Zhang H M, Zuo Z L, Li Y,2018. Metagenomic study suggests that the gut microbiota of the giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)may not be specialized for fiber fermentation[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology,9:229. DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00229 . | |
| Hong C J, Solaiappan M, Shen Y, Perez‑Rogers J F, Byrd A L, Castro‑Nallar E, Crandall K A, Johnson W E,2014. PathoScope 2.0:a complete computational framework for strain identification in environmental or clinical sequencing samples[J]. Microbiome,2(1):33. DOI:10.1186/2049-2618-2-33 . | |
| Huang G P, Shi W Y, Wang L, Qu Q Y, Zuo Z Q, Wang J F, Zhao F Q, Wei F W,2023. PandaGUT provides new insights into bacterial diversity,function,and resistome landscapes with implications for conservation[J].Microbiome,11(1):221‑221. DOI:10.1186/S40168-023-01657-0 . | |
| Huang G P, Wang L, Li J, Hou R, Wang M, Wang Z L, Qu Q Y, Zhou W L, Nie Y G, Hu Y B, Ma Y J, Yan L, Wei H, Wei F W,2022. Seasonal shift of the gut microbiome synchronizes host peripheral circadian rhythm for physiological adaptation to a low‑fat diet in the giant panda[J]. Cell Report,38(3):110203‑110203. DOI:10.1016/J.CELREP.2021. 110203 . | |
| Huang G P, Wang X, Hu Y B, Wu Q, Nie Y G, Dong J H, Ding Y, Yan L, Wei F W,2020. Diet drives convergent evolution of gut microbiomes in bamboo‑eating species[J]. Science China.Life Sciences,64:1‑8.DOI:10.1007/s11427-020-1750-7 . | |
| Huson D H, Auch A F, Qi J, Schuster S C,2007. MEGAN analysis of metagenomic data[J].Genome Research,17(3):377‑386. DOI:10.1101/gr.5969107 . | |
| Jin Lei, Deng Qing, Li Caiwu, Deng Wenwen, Yang Shengzhi, Zhou Yu, Zeng Wen, Feng Li, Zhang Hemin, He Yongguo, Zou Likou,2019. Variations in gut microbiota and the biochemical characteristics of serum and serum metabolites before and after cub giant panda weaning[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,25(6):1477‑1485. DOI:10.19675/j.cnki.1006-687x.2019.07049. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| Jin L, Wu D F, Li C W, Zhang A Y, Xiong Y W, Wei R P, Zhang G Q, Yang S Z, Deng W W, Li T, Li B, Pan X, Zhang Z Z, Huang Y, Zhang H M, He Y G, Zou L K,2020. Bamboo nutrients and microbiome affect gut microbiome of giant panda[J].Symbiosis,80(16):293‑304. DOI:10.1007/s13199-020-00673-0 . | |
| Li D H, Liu C M, Liu R B, Sadakane K, Lam T W,2015. MEGAHIT:an ultra‑fast single‑node solution for large and complex metagenomics assembly via succinct de Bruijn graph[J]. Bioinformatics(Oxford,England),31(10):1674‑6. DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btv033 . | |
| Li Guochun,2017. Feature of plant community in the habitat of giant pandas in Taibai Mountain and the influence of Fargesia qinlingensis flowering on giant panda[D].Xianyang:Northwest A&F University.(in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| Li Taiyuan, Liu Weiming, Jin Xin, Xu Guangbo, Li Yanru, Quan Haizhi, Tian Guangyan, Wang Haoran,2005. Study of certain biological characteristics of Lactobacillus in intestines of healthy canine[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,(6):667‑670. DOI:10.13327/j.jjlau.2005.06.020. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| Li Wenyu, Zhang Man, Liu Junjun, Yang Yan, Wang Zhennan, Shenjin Lü,2024. Research action mechanism and application of probiotics in sheep production[J]. Feed Industry,45(1):39‑44. DOI:10.13302/j.cnki.fi.2024.01.007. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| Li Yajun,2015. Research of the structure and nutrition of bamboo in Qinling Mountains and the relationship with seasonal distribution of giant pandas[D]. Beijing:Tsinghua University.(in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| Liu F Y, Li R G, Zhong Y, Liu X, Deng W W, Huang X Y, Price M, Li J,2023. Age‑related alterations in metabolome and microbiome provide insights in dietary transition in giant pandas[J]. mSystems,8(3):e0025223‑e0025223. DOI:10.1128/msystems.00252-23 . | |
| Liu Q, Ni X Q, Wang Q, Peng Z R, Niu L L, Wang H S, Zhou Y, Sun H, Pan K C, Jing B, Zeng D,2017. Lactobacillus plantarum BSGP201683 isolated from giant panda feces attenuated inflammation and improved gut microflora in mice challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli [J]. Frontiers in Microbiology,8:1885. DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01885 . | |
| Martínez I, Stegen J C, Maldonado‑Gómez M X, Eren A M, Siba P M, Greenhill A R, Walter J,2015. The gut microbiota of rural papua new guineans:composition,diversity patterns,and ecological processes[J]. Cell Reports,11(4):527‑538. DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.049 . | |
| Mhamed M T, Ali E A, Talaat M K, El Menofy N G,2022. Gut commensal Escherichia coli,a high‑risk reservoir of transferable plasmid‑mediated antimicrobial resistance traits[J]. Infection and Drug Resistance,15:1077‑1091.DOI:10.2147/IDR.S354884 . | |
| Na W, Zhihua Y, Na L, Zhang X R, Xu C G,2022. Synergy of cellulase systems between Acetivibrio thermocellus and Thermoclostridium stercorarium in consolidated‑bioprocessing for cellulosic ethanol[J].Microorganisms,10(3):502. DOI:10.3390/microorganisms10030502 . | |
| Oksanen J, Blanchet F G, Kindt R, Legendre P, O’hara R B, Simpson G L, Solymos P, Stevens M H H, Wagner H,2010. Vegan:community ecology package. R package version 1.17‑4[CP]. http://cran.r‑project.org>.Acesso em,23:2010. | |
| Oliveira A C, Sousa O D, Penso F J, Silva L F P,2016. Effect of different doses of a Bacillus‑based probiotic on the in vitro digestibility of concentrates and forages[J].Journal of Animal Science,94(5):654. DOI:10.2527/jam2016-1353 . | |
| Poli A, Laezza G, Gul‑Guven R, Orlando P, Nicolaus B,2011. Geobacillus galactosidasius sp. nov.,a new thermophilic galactosidase‑producing bacterium isolated from compost[J]. Systematic and Applied Microbiology,34(6):419‑423. DOI:10.1016/j.syapm.2011.03.009 . | |
| Sanz Y, Cryan J F, Tanguy D M, Elinav E, Lambrecht R, Veiga P,2025. The gut microbiome connects nutrition and human health[J]. Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology&Hepatology,22(8):1‑22. DOI:10.1038/S41575-025-01077-5 . | |
| Sawhney N, Crooks C, John F S, Preston J F,2015. Transcriptomic analysis of xylan utilization systems in Paenibacillus sp.strain JDR‑2[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,81(4):1490‑1501. DOI:10.1128/AEM.03523-14 . | |
| Segata N, Izard J, Waldron L, Gevers D, Miropolsky L, Garrett W S, Huttenhower C,2011. Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation[J].Genome Biology,12(6):R60. DOI:10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-r60 . | |
| Shunsuke A, Kohei E, Hironobu M, Kuroda K, Ueda M,2015. Elucidation of the recognition mechanisms for hemicellulose and pectin in Clostridium cellulovorans using intracellular quantitative proteome analysis[J]. AMB Express,5(1):29. DOI:10.1186/s13568-015-0115-6 . | |
| Silva R G, Capetti M D C C, Dabul G N A, Liberato M V, da Silva Curvelo A A, Arnoldi Pellegrini V O, Polikarpov I,2025. Recombinant GH58 mannanase from Hungateiclostridium cellulolyticum:Biochemical and structural characteristics and applications for mannooligosaccharides production from spent coffee grounds[J]. Food and Bioproducts Processing,151:44‑53. DOI:10.1016/j.fbp.2025.02.014 . | |
| Sivakumar N, Zadjali A A, Bahry A S, Elshafie A, Eltayeb E A,2016. Isolation and characterization of cellulolytic Bacillus licheniformis from compost[J]. African Journal of Biotechnology,15(43):2434‑2446. DOI:10.5897/AJB2016.15641 . | |
| Stein R R, Bucci V, Toussaint N C, Buffie C G, Rätsch G, Pamer E G, Sander C, Xavier J B,2013. Ecological modeling from time‑series inference:insight into dynamics and stability of intestinal microbiota[J]. PLoS Computational Biology,9(12):e1003388. DOI:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003388 . | |
| Taniguchi K, Karita S, Umekawa M,2024. Synergistic xylan decomposition by a reducing‑end xylose‑releasing exo‑oligoxylanase with other xylanolytic enzymes derived from Paenibacillus xylaniclasticus strainTW1[J]. Bioscience,Biotechnology,and Biochemistry,88(12):1479‑1486. DOI:10.1093/BBB/ZBAE130 . | |
| Wan Kaiyuan, Tang Leilei, Pan Junfeng, Li Ruhai, Tao Yong, Chen Fang,2011. How to regulate weed community structure and biodiversity in farmland soil nutrients:a case study of winter wheat weed community in sandy ginger black soil field under long‑term fertilization[C]. Weeds and Management,22‑34.(in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| Wang Aishan, Zhan Mingye, Pei Enle,2019. Intestinal bacterial structure evolution of giant panda cubs during the food transformation stage and its correlation with cellulose digestion[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,25(5):1154‑1160. DOI:10.19675/j.cnki.1006-687x.2019.01051. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| Wang L, Huang G P, Hou R, Qi D W, Wu Q, Nie Y G, Zuo Z Q, Ma R, Zhou W L, Ma Y J, Hu Y B, Yang Z S, Yan L, Wei F W,2021. Multi‑omics reveals the positive leverage of plant secondary metabolites on the gut microbiota in a non‑model mammal[J]. Microbiome,9(1):192. DOI:10.1186/S40168-021-01142-6 . | |
| Wang Z Y, Kang S S, Wu Z H, Liu X Y, Zhang X Y, Wu Y J, Wen Y, Zhou X J, Zhang G L, Wang J J, Han D D,2025. Muribaculum intestinale restricts Salmonella typhimurium colonization by converting succinate to propionate[J]. The ISME Journal,19(1):69. DOI:10.1093/ISMEJO/WRAF069 . | |
| White J R, Nagarajan N, Pop M,2009. Statistical methods for detecting differentially abundant features in clinical metagenomic samples[J]. PLoS Computational Biology,5(4):e1000352. DOI:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000352 . | |
| Wickham H,2011. ggplot2[J]. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews:Computational Statistics,3(2):180‑185. DOI:10.1002/wics.147 . | |
| Xia S T, Jiang D Y, Zhou Q Y, Lyu H R, Voigt A Y, Zhou X, Zhou Z M, Huang Y,2025. Unlocking the healthy human microbiome:Redefining core microbial signatures[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B,15(2):1189‑1192. DOI:10.1016/J.APSB.2025.01.001 . | |
| Yan Hong, Yang Qian, Pan Zhongcheng,2007. Study on degradation of rice straw by Bacillus licheniformis [J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture and Life Sciences)(4):360‑366. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| Yang Chao,2023. Analysis of oral and gut bacterial diversity of captive giant panda in different seasons[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University.DOI:10.27345/d.cnki.gsnyu.2023. 000345. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| Yin Q, Silva D C A, Zorrilla F, Almeida A S, Patil K R, Almeida A,2025. Ecological dynamics of enterobacteriaceae in the human gut microbiome across global populations[J]. Nature Microbiology,10(2):1‑13. DOI:10.1038/S41564-024-01912-6 . | |
| Zhang Jing, Qian Yuting, Qu Ping, Cao Yun, Wang Qiujun, Huang Hongying,2023. Screening,identification and degradation characteristics of one straw degrading actinomycete strain[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University,28(12):75‑83. DOI:10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.12.07. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| Zhang J, Wang T, Wang J, Shen H, Li Y, Wu W J, Hui D F, Kaal J, Lambers H, Sardans J, Peñuelas J, Ren H, Liu Z F,2025. Nutrient availability drives the ecological linkage between microbial functional diversity and soil organic matter molecular complexity during forest restoration[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,390:126312. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman. 2025.126312 . | |
| Zhang W P, Liu W B, Hou R, Liang Z, Schmitz‑Esser S, Sun H B, Xie J J, Zhang Y F, Wang C D, Li L F, Yue B S, Huang H, Wang H R, Shen F J, Zhang Z H,2018. Age‑associated microbiome shows the giant panda lives on hemicelluloses,not on cellulose[J]. The ISME Journal,12(5):1319‑1328. DOI:10.1038/s41396-018-0051-y . | |
| Zhang X H, Wang X Y, Ayala J, Liu Y L, An J H, Wang D H, Cai Z G, Hou R, Zhang M Y,2022. Possible effects of early maternal separation on the gut microbiota of captive adult giant pandas[J]. Animals,12(19):2587‑2587. DOI:10.3390/ANI12192587 . | |
| Zhang Z H, Hou R, Lan J C, Wang H R, Kurokawa H, Takatsu Z, Kobayashi T, Koie H, Kamata H, Kanayama K, Watanabe T,2016. Analysis of the breast milk of giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)and the preparation of substitutes[J].Journal of Veterinary Medical Science,78(5):747‑754. DOI:10.1292/jvms.15-0677 . | |
| Zhao S Y, Li C W, Zhu T, Jin L, Deng W W, Zhao K, He Y G, Li G, Xiong Y W, Li T, Li B, Huang Y, Zhang H M, Zou L K,2021. Diversity and composition of gut bacterial community in giant panda with anorexia[J]. Current Microbiology,78(4):1‑9. DOI:10.1007/S00284-021-02424-W . | |
| Zheng Y, Ying Y, Qin X, He X, Zhou X Y, Wang H R,2025. Dietary microbiota‑mediated shifts in gut microbial ecology and pathogen interactions in giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)[J]. Communications Biology,8(1):864. DOI:10.1038/S42003-025-08270-X . | |
| Zhou Xiao, Huang Yan, Huang Jinyan, Zhou Shiqiang, Liu Dian,2013. Behavioral development of giant panda and influencing factors in husbandry management[J]. Chinese Journal of Wildlife,34(2):106‑110. DOI:10.19711/j.cnki.issn2310-1490.2013.02.012. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| Zhu L F, Wu Q, Dai J Y, Zhang S N, Wei F W,2011. Evidence of cellulose metabolism by the giant panda gut microbiome[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,108(43):17714‑17719. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1017956108 . | |
| Zhu W H, Alexandre L, Borodovsky M,2010. Ab initio gene identification in metagenomic sequences[J]. Nucleic Acids Research,38(12):e132. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkq275 . | |
| Zhu Y Q, Chen B R, Zhang X Y, Akbar M T, Wu T, Zhang Y Y, Li Z, Shen Q,2024. Exploration of the Muribaculaceae family in the gut microbiota:diversity,metabolism,and function[J]. Nutrients,16(16):2660. DOI:10.3390/NU16162660 . | |
| 丁赟,2017. 探究圈养大熊猫肠道菌群的发育动态[D]. 南昌:南昌大学. | |
| 万开元,汤雷雷,潘俊峰,李儒海,陶勇,陈防,2011. 农田土壤养分如何调节杂草群落结构及其生物多样性:以长期施肥下的砂姜黑土田冬小麦杂草群落为例[C]. 农田杂草与防控,22‑34. | |
| 王爱善,詹明晔,裴恩乐,2019. 食物转化期的大熊猫幼仔肠道细菌结构衍变及其与纤维素酶活性的相关性[J]. 应用与环境生物学报,25(5):1154‑1160. DOI:10.19675/j.cnki. 1006-687x.2019.01051 . | |
| 李太元,刘伟铭,金鑫,许广波,李艳茹,全海志,田广燕,王浩然,2005. 健康犬肠道乳酸杆菌某些生物学特性的研究[J]. 吉林农业大学学报,(6):667‑670. DOI:10.13327/j.jjlau.2005.06.020 . | |
| 李文宇,张漫,刘俊俊,杨燕,王振南,吕慎金,2024. 益生素的作用机理及在羊生产中的应用[J]. 饲料工业,45(1):39‑44. DOI:10.13302/j.cnki.fi.2024.01.007 . | |
| 李亚军,2015. 秦岭竹林结构与营养特征及与大熊猫季节分布关系的研究[D]. 北京:清华大学. | |
| 李国春,2017. 太白山大熊猫栖息地植物群落特征及秦岭箭竹开花对大熊猫的影响[D]. 咸阳:西北农林科技大学. | |
| 杨超,2023. 不同季节圈养大熊猫口腔及肠道细菌多样性分析[D]. 成都:四川农业大学. DOI:10.27345/d.cnki.gsnyu.2023.000345 . | |
| 张晶,钱玉婷,曲萍,曹云,王秋君,黄红英,2023. 秸秆降解放线菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性[J]. 中国农业大学学报,28(12):75‑83. DOI:10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.12.07 . | |
| 陈婷婷,姚英,董艳鹏,周芯宇,李明喜,2024. 大熊猫肠道菌群的影响因素研究进展[J]. 微生物学报,64(11):4069‑4085. DOI:10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240300 . | |
| 周晓,黄炎,黄金燕,周世强,刘巅,2013. 大熊猫的行为发育及饲养管理中的影响因素[J]. 野生动物,34(2):106‑110. DOI:10.19711/j.cnki.issn2310-1490.2013.02.012 . | |
| 晋蕾,邓晴,李才武,邓雯文,杨盛智,周宇,曾文,冯莉,张和民,何永果,邹立扣,2019. 幼年大熊猫断奶前后肠道微生物与血清生化及代谢物的变化[J]. 应用与环境生物学报,25(6):1477‑1485. DOI:10.19675/j.cnki.1006-687x. 2019.07049 . | |
| 蔡天贵, 2022. 大熊猫肠道微生物、栖息地土壤微生物和主食竹中的抗生素抗性研究[D]. 南充:西华师范大学. DOI:10.27859/d.cnki.gxhsf.2022.000474 . | |
| 燕红,杨谦,潘忠诚,2007. 一株地衣芽孢杆菌对稻草降解作用的研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),(4):360‑366. |
| [1] | Xiaolong GAO, Wanxiang ZHANG, Hongjuan ZHAI, Hanyi ZHU, Zhibin ZHANG. The role of gut microbiota differences in the coexistence of norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) and Asian house rats (Rattus tanezumi) in Hainan [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(5): 705-719. |
| [2] | Zewei ZHANG, Siyu WANG, Guoliang LI. Effects of habitat type and seasonal changes on the gut microbiota of Brandt’s voles [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(5): 688-704. |
| [3] | Xinlei HUANG, wei LANG, Jiang FENG, Boyu LIU. Advances in bat gut microbiota research [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(5): 638-649. |
| [4] | Qiyuan XUE, He CAI, Yifei ZHANG, Yi GAO, Qiuying GUO, Zhihui ZHANG, Zhimin JIN, Junsheng ZHANG, Zhu LIU. Gut microbiota structure and function in Sorex caecutiens across different seasons within the same region [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(5): 734-743. |
| [5] | Tianxin ZHANG, Wanlong ZHU. Cross-scale physiological and ecological effects of gut microbiota in small mammals under food restriction [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(5): 650-669. |
| [6] | Ying MA, Youwen WEI, Feng JIANG, Aiping ZHANG, Hongmei GAO, Jide LI, Wenlong WANG, Penghui ZHANG, Lingwen LI, Xinyue GU, Tongzuo ZHANG. Metagenomic analysis of intestinal virome in Marmota himalayana in eastern Qinghai’s agricultural area [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(3): 337-348. |
| [7] | Yuting SUN, Dongdong YANG, Yinhu LI, Congran GONG, Han HU, Lina SU, Peiwei LI, Yan LIU, Hongfeng ZHANG, Xiaomin WU. Effect of sex on the gut microbiota of Tibetan antelopes [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(2): 278-286. |
| [8] | Yuxiang LI, Xi TIAN, Chunbing LIU, Li YU. The effects of captivity on gut microbiota of wild mammals [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(1): 1-19. |
| [9] | NIE Yonggang, ZHANG Chao, GAO Huayao, LIU Hanqing, XIE Bing. Advances in conservation research of large- and medium-sized terrestrial mammals in China [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 45(5): 559-576. |
| [10] | SUN Kai, ZHU Zhaoling, Naheya, HAO Shuxiang, LIANG Yongliang, XU Hao, Alima, LIU Zhen-sheng, TENG Liwei. Gender difference in gut microbiota composition of blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) on the eastern slope of the Helan Mountains between summer and winter [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 45(4): 492-502. |
| [11] | ZHAO Xing, MA Rui, WU Wei, LI Mingxi, CHEN Chao, ZHOU Yanshan, HONG Mingsheng, QI Dunwu. Changing patterns of cortisol and gut microbiota in Ailurus fulgens under different living environments [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2024, 44(4): 427-435. |
| [12] | DONG Xin, CHEN Huiqing, ZHANG Lu, SHANG Guozhen, WU Yan, BIAN Jianghui. Effects of methionine contents in food on the gut microbiota of plateau pika [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2024, 44(4): 411-426. |
| [13] | Feng JIANG, Pengfei SONG, Jingjie ZHANG, Hongmei GAO, Haijing WANG, Zhenyuan CAI, Daoxin LIU, Tongzuo ZHANG. Comparative analysis of gut microbial composition and functions of forest musk deer in different breeding centres [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 43(2): 129-140. |
| [14] | Qi ZHAO, Qi ZHANG, Haoling LI, Yue LAN, Xingan YAN, Guijun ZHAO, Wenhua QI. Distinct patterns of microsatellite and functional analysis of forest musk deer and its closely related species [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 42(6): 705-715. |
| [15] | Min MAO, Ming YANG, Xinyu LIU. Effects of hibernation on cecal microbiota in Daurian ground squirrel [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 42(4): 420-431. |
| Viewed | ||||||
|
Full text |
|
|||||
|
Abstract |
|
|||||
青公网安备 63010402000199号
青ICP备05000010号-2