Abstract: Research progress achieved by Chinese scientists in conservation biology of endangered mammals (e.g. Carnivores, primates, ungulates and cetaceans) from 2010-2015 was reviewed. These researches are mainly related to different branches of the conservation biology, such as evolutionary biology, ecology, behavior, physiology, genetics, genomics and meta-genomics, as well as policy and practices. The remarkable research achievements have been made in Conservation Biology of endangered mammals in China, especially for giant pandas and golden monkeys. Evidence from multidisciplinary researches indicated that the giant panda is not an evolutionary cul-de-sac, remaining evolutionary potential. Although the panda is facing environmental problems such as habitat fragmentations, its population is growing and available habitat is expanding. It turned out that its Red List Category could be downlisted from

Key words: Endangered mammal, Conservation biology, Evolution, Ecology, Physiology, Genetics, Genomics

摘要： 本文简要论述了2010-1015年间，我国濒危哺乳动物（主要是食肉类、灵长类、有蹄类和鲸类) 保护生物学的研究进展，涉及进化保护生物学、保护生态学、保护行为学、保护生理学、保护遗传学、保护基因组学与宏基因组学和保护政策建议与实践等诸多领域。以大熊猫和金丝猴为代表的濒危动物保护生物学研究成绩显著。各项研究结果表明，大熊猫并非是一个已走到“进化尽头”的物种，仍具进化潜力。虽然大熊猫仍然面临栖息地破碎等环境问题，总的来看其种群数量在逐渐增长，栖息地面积在逐渐扩大，已走出困境并脱离“濒危”的状态，可降为“易危”。我国大熊猫的保护为世界生物多样性保护树立了成功的范例。根据国内研究进展和国际发展动态，该文还对未来保护生物学的研究提出了一些建议，包括加强长期定点监测与系统性的研究工作，加强新理论、新方法和新技术的研发及应用，加强宏微观研究手段的结合从机制上揭示科学问题，加强动物对食物、高原极端环境和水生生态环境的适应性进化分子机制的揭示，加强理论与实践相结合积极推动研究成果的应用，为濒危动物的有效保护保驾护航。

关键词: 哺乳动物, 保护生物学, 生态学, 行为学, 遗传学, 基因组学