Abstract: Acoustic communication is a crucial phenotype for animals to maintain social stability, and it has always been a hotspot in the field of animal behavior research. Bats, as key group in ecosystems, primarily rely on acoustic signals to move around in environments and have long been model organisms for acoustic research. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of communication calls in bats and propose future development directions. In general, bat communication calls exhibit diverse spectral structures, encode various information about individual identity, body size, or social status, and serve functions including defense and alarm, courtship and mating, and social bonding. Bats can adjust the structure, intensity, and complexity of their calls in response to noise interference. Bat communication calls exist geographic variation and possess syntactic structure, vocal rhythm, and complexity. Additionally, bats exhibit vocal learning and variability in sound development. Compared to echolocation calls, research on bat communication calls is relatively lacking. We recommend that future studies should focus on the multi-level evolutionary aspects of bat communication calls, innovate sound analysis methods, develop high-performance on-board sound recording devices, establish a global bat acoustic database, strengthen interdisciplinary collaborations, and conduct long-term systematic observations to advance the field of bat communication calls research.

Key words: Bats, Communication call, Function, Linguistics, Vocal learning

摘要： 声通讯是动物维持社群稳定的关键表型，一直是动物行为学研究领域的热点。蝙蝠是生态系统中的关键类群，主要依赖声信号在环境中活动，一直是声学研究的模式生物。本文聚焦蝙蝠交流声波，综述当前研究现状，提出未来发展方向。总的来说，蝙蝠交流声波具有多样的声谱结构，能够编码个体身份、身体大小或社会等级等多种信息，还具有防御与警报、求偶与交配及联系等多种功能。蝙蝠能通过调节叫声结构、强度和复杂性来响应噪音的干扰。蝙蝠交流叫声存在地理变化，且具有句法结构、发声节奏和复杂性。同时，蝙蝠具有发声学习以及声波发育可变能力。相比回声定位声波，交流声波研究较为缺乏，建议今后开展蝙蝠交流声波多层面进化研究，创新声波分析方法，发展高性能机载录音仪，建立全球蝙蝠声学数据库，加强多学科交叉以及开展长期系统性观测，以促进蝙蝠交流声波领域发展。

关键词: 蝙蝠, 交流声波, 功能, 语言学, 发声学习