ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 20-38.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150954
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Shiyu CHEN1, Jin HOU1,2, Dan LIU3, Jing LIU3, Peng LUO4, Bochuan ZHENG4, Jindong ZHANG1(
)
Received:2024-05-13
Accepted:2025-03-17
Online:2026-01-30
Published:2026-02-03
Contact:
Jindong ZHANG
陈诗雨1, 侯金1,2, 刘丹3, 刘晶3, 罗鹏4, 郑伯川4, 张晋东1(
)
通讯作者:
张晋东
作者简介:陈诗雨(2001- ),女,硕士研究生,主要从事野生动物保护与自然保护区建设等研究;基金资助:CLC Number:
Shiyu CHEN, Jin HOU, Dan LIU, Jing LIU, Peng LUO, Bochuan ZHENG, Jindong ZHANG. Progress in the application of deep learning in wildlife image recognition and analysis[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(1): 20-38.
陈诗雨, 侯金, 刘丹, 刘晶, 罗鹏, 郑伯川, 张晋东. 深度学习在野生动物图像识别分析中的应用进展[J]. 兽类学报, 2026, 46(1): 20-38.
主要研究物种 Main research species | 研究模型 Research model | 模型准确度 Model accuracy | 研究优势 Research advantages | 文献 References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鱼类 Fishs | ||||
蝴蝶鱼科 Chaetodontidae | FFDet | 61.40% | 设计新特征融合模块增强特征表示 Design a new feature fusion module to enhance feature representation | |
网纹宅泥鱼 Dascyllus reticulatus | PCANet | 77.27% | 缓解低分辨率问题 Relieve low resolution issues | |
鲣 Katsuwonus pelamis | ResNet50 | 93.30% | 使用混淆矩阵优化分类器 Optimizing classifiers using confusion matrices | |
小高鳍刺尾鱼 Zebrasoma scopas | Fast-RCNN | 98.57% | 引入随机梯度下降算法 Introducing random gradient descent algorithm | |
长棘光鳃鱼 Chromis chrysura | AlexNet | 99.50% | 结合迁移学习 Combining transfer learning | |
| 鸟类 Birds | ||||
绿纹霸鹟 Empidonax virescens | CNN | 88.33% | 结合图形处理单元技术并行处理数据 Parallel processing of data using graphics processing unit technology | |
| 鸡形目Galliformes | NicheNet | 90.23% | 结合生态位模型 Combining niche models | |
| 雀形目 Passeriformes | ResNet101 | 97.98% | 对网络模型进行预训练Pre training the network model | |
领月胸窜鸟 Melanopareia torquata | YOLOv5 | 98.49% | 迁移学习交叉验证 Cross validation of transfer learning | |
绿尾虹雉 Lophophorus lhuysii | YOLOv5 | 99.62% | 改进特征提取骨干网络和目标检测网络 Improve feature extraction backbone network and object detection network | |
| 兽类 Mammals | ||||
大熊猫 Ailuropoda melanoleuca | lnpectionV3、 MobileNet | 91.20% | 数据增强与迁移学习 Data augmentation and transfer learning | 宋益盛和 |
| 马鹿 Cervus elaphus | SA-ResNet | 92.20% | 引入自注意机制 Introducing self attention mechanism | |
| 长颈鹿 Giraffa camelopardalis | DenseNet-169 | 93.63% | 优化SSD模型 Optimize SSD model | |
非洲草原象 Loxodonta africana | ResNet-152 | 93.80% | — | |
| 野猪 Sus scrofa | Faster RCNN | 94.00% | 预训练 Pretraining | |
北极熊 Ursus maritimus | Xception | 95.63% | 引入通道注意力机制 Introducing channel attention mechanism | 倪黎和 |
| 猪獾 Arctonyx collaris | Swin-Transformer | 95.80% | — | |
虎东北亚种 Panthera tigris altaica | YOLO v3 | 96.00% | 基于darknet框架构建网络 Building a network based on the darknet framework | |
猞猁 Lynx lynx | VGG16 | 96.60% | 引入感兴趣区域克服复杂背景 Introducing regions of interest to overcome complex backgrounds | |
| 驼鹿 Alces alces | ResNet18 | 97.60% | — | |
鲸偶蹄目 Cetartiodactyla | Mask R-CNN | 98.00% | 添加新分支分割吸收图像特征 Add new branch segmentation to absorb image features | |
| 爬行类Reptiles | ||||
| 海龟属 Chelonia | VGG16-DenseNet 201 | 74.00% | 集成模型 Integrated model | |
蛇目 Serpentiformes | BRC-CNN | 89.06% | 卷积核数目加倍 Double the number of convolutional kernels | |
马来切喙鳄 Tomistoma schlegelii | CNN | 93.00% | Dropout技术防止过度拟合 Dropout technology prevents overfitting | |
鳄目 Crocodilia | YOLO-v5l | 96.24% | 背景消除的边界盒方法 Boundary box method for background elimination | |
| 昆虫类Insects | ||||
铜绿异丽金龟 Anomala corpulenta | CPAFNet | 92.26% | 引入三倍验证方法 Introducing triple validation method | |
草地贪夜蛾 Spodoptera frugiperda | T-CNN | 97.00% | 三个输入层同时输入 Three input layers simultaneously input | |
| 白蚁科 Termitidae | YOLO v3 | 97.00% | 采用级联方法 Adopting a cascading approach | |
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera | AlexNet | 100.00% | SVM作为分类方法 SVM as a classification method |
Table 1 Research on deep learning in species identification of wildlife
主要研究物种 Main research species | 研究模型 Research model | 模型准确度 Model accuracy | 研究优势 Research advantages | 文献 References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鱼类 Fishs | ||||
蝴蝶鱼科 Chaetodontidae | FFDet | 61.40% | 设计新特征融合模块增强特征表示 Design a new feature fusion module to enhance feature representation | |
网纹宅泥鱼 Dascyllus reticulatus | PCANet | 77.27% | 缓解低分辨率问题 Relieve low resolution issues | |
鲣 Katsuwonus pelamis | ResNet50 | 93.30% | 使用混淆矩阵优化分类器 Optimizing classifiers using confusion matrices | |
小高鳍刺尾鱼 Zebrasoma scopas | Fast-RCNN | 98.57% | 引入随机梯度下降算法 Introducing random gradient descent algorithm | |
长棘光鳃鱼 Chromis chrysura | AlexNet | 99.50% | 结合迁移学习 Combining transfer learning | |
| 鸟类 Birds | ||||
绿纹霸鹟 Empidonax virescens | CNN | 88.33% | 结合图形处理单元技术并行处理数据 Parallel processing of data using graphics processing unit technology | |
| 鸡形目Galliformes | NicheNet | 90.23% | 结合生态位模型 Combining niche models | |
| 雀形目 Passeriformes | ResNet101 | 97.98% | 对网络模型进行预训练Pre training the network model | |
领月胸窜鸟 Melanopareia torquata | YOLOv5 | 98.49% | 迁移学习交叉验证 Cross validation of transfer learning | |
绿尾虹雉 Lophophorus lhuysii | YOLOv5 | 99.62% | 改进特征提取骨干网络和目标检测网络 Improve feature extraction backbone network and object detection network | |
| 兽类 Mammals | ||||
大熊猫 Ailuropoda melanoleuca | lnpectionV3、 MobileNet | 91.20% | 数据增强与迁移学习 Data augmentation and transfer learning | 宋益盛和 |
| 马鹿 Cervus elaphus | SA-ResNet | 92.20% | 引入自注意机制 Introducing self attention mechanism | |
| 长颈鹿 Giraffa camelopardalis | DenseNet-169 | 93.63% | 优化SSD模型 Optimize SSD model | |
非洲草原象 Loxodonta africana | ResNet-152 | 93.80% | — | |
| 野猪 Sus scrofa | Faster RCNN | 94.00% | 预训练 Pretraining | |
北极熊 Ursus maritimus | Xception | 95.63% | 引入通道注意力机制 Introducing channel attention mechanism | 倪黎和 |
| 猪獾 Arctonyx collaris | Swin-Transformer | 95.80% | — | |
虎东北亚种 Panthera tigris altaica | YOLO v3 | 96.00% | 基于darknet框架构建网络 Building a network based on the darknet framework | |
猞猁 Lynx lynx | VGG16 | 96.60% | 引入感兴趣区域克服复杂背景 Introducing regions of interest to overcome complex backgrounds | |
| 驼鹿 Alces alces | ResNet18 | 97.60% | — | |
鲸偶蹄目 Cetartiodactyla | Mask R-CNN | 98.00% | 添加新分支分割吸收图像特征 Add new branch segmentation to absorb image features | |
| 爬行类Reptiles | ||||
| 海龟属 Chelonia | VGG16-DenseNet 201 | 74.00% | 集成模型 Integrated model | |
蛇目 Serpentiformes | BRC-CNN | 89.06% | 卷积核数目加倍 Double the number of convolutional kernels | |
马来切喙鳄 Tomistoma schlegelii | CNN | 93.00% | Dropout技术防止过度拟合 Dropout technology prevents overfitting | |
鳄目 Crocodilia | YOLO-v5l | 96.24% | 背景消除的边界盒方法 Boundary box method for background elimination | |
| 昆虫类Insects | ||||
铜绿异丽金龟 Anomala corpulenta | CPAFNet | 92.26% | 引入三倍验证方法 Introducing triple validation method | |
草地贪夜蛾 Spodoptera frugiperda | T-CNN | 97.00% | 三个输入层同时输入 Three input layers simultaneously input | |
| 白蚁科 Termitidae | YOLO v3 | 97.00% | 采用级联方法 Adopting a cascading approach | |
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera | AlexNet | 100.00% | SVM作为分类方法 SVM as a classification method |
主要研究物种 Main research species | 研究模型 Research model | 模型准确度 Model accuracy | 研究优势 Research advantages | 文献 References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鱼类 Fishs | ||||
| 鲤形目 Cypriniformes | YOLOv4 | 90.00% | 融合FaceNet算法 Fusion of FaceNet algorithm | |
| YOLOv4 | 98.70% | 引入CBAM注意模块Introducing CBAM attention module | ||
| 鸟类 Birds | ||||
| 雀形目Passeriformes | VGG19 | 92.40% | 减轻过拟合以更新权重 Reduce overfitting to update weights | |
| 朱鹮Nipponia nippon | LVQ | 85.05% | 结合遗传算法解决初值敏感 Combining genetic algorithm to solve initial value sensitivity | |
| 兽类 Mammals | ||||
| 黑猩猩 Pan troglodytes | AlexNet | 80.30% | 避免后处理步骤 Avoiding post-processing steps | |
| VGG-M | 92.50% | 最小化身份识别的函数损失 Minimize the function loss of identity recognition | ||
| 金丝猴属 Rhinopithecus | Faster R-CNN | 85.80% | 引入TensorFlow深度学习框架 Introducing TensorFlow deep learning framework | |
| Faster R-CNN | 92.01% | 全天候实时识别 All-weather real-time recognition | ||
| GKP-Net | 92.60% | 两种不同尺度图像指导分类 Two different scale images guide classification | ||
| AKP-CNN | 93.46% | 结合注意力机制 Combining attention mechanisms | ||
| SP-BCNN | 93.60% | 结合自步学习策略 Combining self paced learning strategies | ||
| HE-Net | 96.56% | 结合集成学习与度量学习 Combining ensemble learning and metric learning | ||
大熊猫 Ailuropoda melanoleuca | YOLOv3、 Mask R-CNN | 92.30% | 双模型分别识别不同部位后融合 Dual models identify different parts separately and fuse them | |
| VGG | 95.00% | 使用全连接层对特征进行分类 Using fully connected layers to classify features | ||
| Faster R-CNN | 96.27% | 集成对象检测、序列深度匹配等多模式融合算法 Integrated object detection,sequence depth matching,and other multimodal fusion algorithms | ||
| YOLOv5 | 98.20% | 细粒度多模态融合检测 Fine grained multimodal fusion detection | ||
| 雪豹 Panthera uncia | ResNeSt50d | 97.00% | 引入关键特征法 Introduction of key feature method | |
豹印支亚种 Panthera pardus delacouri | CNN | 99.30% | 引入Dropout防止过拟合 Introducing Dropout to prevent overfitting | |
虎东北亚种 Panthera tigris altaica | ResNet34 | 86.28% | 单次多盒目标检测分割提取特征 Single shot multi box object detection segmentation and feature extraction | |
| ResNet34 | 95.55% | 结合多层感知机模型 Combining multi-layer perceptron models | ||
北太平洋露脊鲸 Eubalaena japonica | CNN | 87.44% | 完全自动化 Fully automated | |
| 昆虫类Insects | ||||
| 双翅目 Diptera | FFCNN | 94.03% | 多网络集成 Multi network integration |
Table 2 Research on deep learning in individual identity recognition of wildlife
主要研究物种 Main research species | 研究模型 Research model | 模型准确度 Model accuracy | 研究优势 Research advantages | 文献 References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鱼类 Fishs | ||||
| 鲤形目 Cypriniformes | YOLOv4 | 90.00% | 融合FaceNet算法 Fusion of FaceNet algorithm | |
| YOLOv4 | 98.70% | 引入CBAM注意模块Introducing CBAM attention module | ||
| 鸟类 Birds | ||||
| 雀形目Passeriformes | VGG19 | 92.40% | 减轻过拟合以更新权重 Reduce overfitting to update weights | |
| 朱鹮Nipponia nippon | LVQ | 85.05% | 结合遗传算法解决初值敏感 Combining genetic algorithm to solve initial value sensitivity | |
| 兽类 Mammals | ||||
| 黑猩猩 Pan troglodytes | AlexNet | 80.30% | 避免后处理步骤 Avoiding post-processing steps | |
| VGG-M | 92.50% | 最小化身份识别的函数损失 Minimize the function loss of identity recognition | ||
| 金丝猴属 Rhinopithecus | Faster R-CNN | 85.80% | 引入TensorFlow深度学习框架 Introducing TensorFlow deep learning framework | |
| Faster R-CNN | 92.01% | 全天候实时识别 All-weather real-time recognition | ||
| GKP-Net | 92.60% | 两种不同尺度图像指导分类 Two different scale images guide classification | ||
| AKP-CNN | 93.46% | 结合注意力机制 Combining attention mechanisms | ||
| SP-BCNN | 93.60% | 结合自步学习策略 Combining self paced learning strategies | ||
| HE-Net | 96.56% | 结合集成学习与度量学习 Combining ensemble learning and metric learning | ||
大熊猫 Ailuropoda melanoleuca | YOLOv3、 Mask R-CNN | 92.30% | 双模型分别识别不同部位后融合 Dual models identify different parts separately and fuse them | |
| VGG | 95.00% | 使用全连接层对特征进行分类 Using fully connected layers to classify features | ||
| Faster R-CNN | 96.27% | 集成对象检测、序列深度匹配等多模式融合算法 Integrated object detection,sequence depth matching,and other multimodal fusion algorithms | ||
| YOLOv5 | 98.20% | 细粒度多模态融合检测 Fine grained multimodal fusion detection | ||
| 雪豹 Panthera uncia | ResNeSt50d | 97.00% | 引入关键特征法 Introduction of key feature method | |
豹印支亚种 Panthera pardus delacouri | CNN | 99.30% | 引入Dropout防止过拟合 Introducing Dropout to prevent overfitting | |
虎东北亚种 Panthera tigris altaica | ResNet34 | 86.28% | 单次多盒目标检测分割提取特征 Single shot multi box object detection segmentation and feature extraction | |
| ResNet34 | 95.55% | 结合多层感知机模型 Combining multi-layer perceptron models | ||
北太平洋露脊鲸 Eubalaena japonica | CNN | 87.44% | 完全自动化 Fully automated | |
| 昆虫类Insects | ||||
| 双翅目 Diptera | FFCNN | 94.03% | 多网络集成 Multi network integration |
主要研究物种 Main research species | 研究模型 Research model | 模型准确度 Model accuracy | 研究优势 Research advantages | 文献 References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鱼类 Fishs | ||||
三尖鱾 Girella tricuspidata | Mask R-CNN | 95.40% | — | |
沙丁鱼 Sardina pilchardus | MCNN | 90.14% | 冗余裁剪 Redundant cropping | |
仿刺参 Stichopus japonicus | YOLO v2 | 76.30% | 多尺度训练 Multiscale training | |
| 鸟类 Birds | ||||
野火鸡 Meleagris gallopavo | Mask R-CNN | 86.55% | 引入数据关联与过滤算法 Introducing data association and filtering algorithms | |
紫翅椋鸟 Sturnus vulgaris | Faster-CNN | 94.00% | 卷积滤波器 Convolutional filter | |
北极鸥 Larus hyperboreus | CNN | 95.00% | 系统特征学习 System feature learning | |
| 兽类 Mammals | ||||
非洲草原象 Loxodonta africana | Fast R-CNN | 75.00% | 能够处理复杂异质景观背景 Capable of handling complex heterogeneous landscape backgrounds | |
斑纹角马 Connochaetes taurinus | YOLOv3 | 减少锚框数量、使用迁移学习 Reduce the number of anchor boxes and use transfer learning | ||
偶蹄目 Artiodactyla | Mask-R-CNN | 92.80% | 提取掩膜转换为轮廓向量 Extract masks and convert them into contour vectors | |
| 昆虫类 Insects | ||||
红脂大小蠹 Dendroctonus valens | Fast R-CNN | 74.60% | k-means锚优化 k-means anchor optimization | |
飞虱科 Delphacidae | CornerNet | 95.53% | 使用阈值过滤等检测框抑制方法 Using threshold filtering and other detection box suppression methods | |
草地贪夜蛾 Spodoptera frugiperda | YOLO-V5 | 96.84% | 清除边缘残缺目标 Clear edge incomplete targets |
Table 3 Research on deep learning in individual counting of wildlife
主要研究物种 Main research species | 研究模型 Research model | 模型准确度 Model accuracy | 研究优势 Research advantages | 文献 References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鱼类 Fishs | ||||
三尖鱾 Girella tricuspidata | Mask R-CNN | 95.40% | — | |
沙丁鱼 Sardina pilchardus | MCNN | 90.14% | 冗余裁剪 Redundant cropping | |
仿刺参 Stichopus japonicus | YOLO v2 | 76.30% | 多尺度训练 Multiscale training | |
| 鸟类 Birds | ||||
野火鸡 Meleagris gallopavo | Mask R-CNN | 86.55% | 引入数据关联与过滤算法 Introducing data association and filtering algorithms | |
紫翅椋鸟 Sturnus vulgaris | Faster-CNN | 94.00% | 卷积滤波器 Convolutional filter | |
北极鸥 Larus hyperboreus | CNN | 95.00% | 系统特征学习 System feature learning | |
| 兽类 Mammals | ||||
非洲草原象 Loxodonta africana | Fast R-CNN | 75.00% | 能够处理复杂异质景观背景 Capable of handling complex heterogeneous landscape backgrounds | |
斑纹角马 Connochaetes taurinus | YOLOv3 | 减少锚框数量、使用迁移学习 Reduce the number of anchor boxes and use transfer learning | ||
偶蹄目 Artiodactyla | Mask-R-CNN | 92.80% | 提取掩膜转换为轮廓向量 Extract masks and convert them into contour vectors | |
| 昆虫类 Insects | ||||
红脂大小蠹 Dendroctonus valens | Fast R-CNN | 74.60% | k-means锚优化 k-means anchor optimization | |
飞虱科 Delphacidae | CornerNet | 95.53% | 使用阈值过滤等检测框抑制方法 Using threshold filtering and other detection box suppression methods | |
草地贪夜蛾 Spodoptera frugiperda | YOLO-V5 | 96.84% | 清除边缘残缺目标 Clear edge incomplete targets |
主要研究物种 Main research species | 研究方向 Research direction | 研究优势 Research advantages | 文献 References |
|---|---|---|---|
猎豹 Acinonyx jubatus | 2D pose 3D pose | 多视图同步高速相机系统和DeepLabCut进行2D注释 Multi view synchronized high-speed camera system and DeepLabCut for 2D annotation | |
| 3D mesh | 快速交互式动态关节形状重建 Fast interactive dynamic joint shape reconstruction | ||
猕猴 Macaca mulatta | 3D pose | 增强注释数据进行多视图3D重建 Enhance annotation data for multi view 3D reconstruction | |
| 3D pose | 利用多视角图像流和有限标签数据训练关键点检测器 Training keypoint detectors using multi view image streams and limited labeled data | ||
细纹斑马 Equus grevyi | 3D mesh | 结合SMAL动物模型与基于网络的回归流程 Combining SMAL animal model with network-based regression process | |
沙漠蝗虫 Schistocerca gregaria | 2D pose | 使用Stack DenseNet和基于GPU的快速峰值检测方法 Using Stack DenseNet and GPU based fast peak detection method | |
双峰驼 Camelus bactrianus | 3D mesh | 多模态热图回归和遗传算法优化二维到三维的关节对应关系 Multimodal heat map regression and genetic algorithm optimization of joint correspondence from 2D to 3D | |
狮 Panthera leo | 3D mesh | 结合部件形状模型、统计形状模型和姿势归一化 Combining component shape models,statistical shape models,and pose normalization | |
| 3D mesh | 少量图像帧中精确捕捉动物的详细3D形状,并提取真实纹理图 Accurately capturing detailed 3D shapes of animals in a small number of image frames and extracting real texture maps | ||
白犀 Ceratotherium simum | 2D pose | 跨领域学习并通过渐进式优化伪标签 Cross disciplinary learning and progressive pseudo label optimization | |
非洲象 Loxodonta africana | 2D pose | 时空一致性约束的半监督学习方法 Semi supervised learning method with spatiotemporal consistency constraints | |
长颈鹿 Giraffa camelopardalis | 3D mesh | 实现关节对象的实时、真实感三维建模 Real time and realistic 3D modeling of joint objects | |
| 3D mesh | 减少点对点对应关系的依赖 Reduce dependence on point-to-point correspondence relationships |
Table 4 Research on deep learning in wildlife behavior attitude estimation and recognition
主要研究物种 Main research species | 研究方向 Research direction | 研究优势 Research advantages | 文献 References |
|---|---|---|---|
猎豹 Acinonyx jubatus | 2D pose 3D pose | 多视图同步高速相机系统和DeepLabCut进行2D注释 Multi view synchronized high-speed camera system and DeepLabCut for 2D annotation | |
| 3D mesh | 快速交互式动态关节形状重建 Fast interactive dynamic joint shape reconstruction | ||
猕猴 Macaca mulatta | 3D pose | 增强注释数据进行多视图3D重建 Enhance annotation data for multi view 3D reconstruction | |
| 3D pose | 利用多视角图像流和有限标签数据训练关键点检测器 Training keypoint detectors using multi view image streams and limited labeled data | ||
细纹斑马 Equus grevyi | 3D mesh | 结合SMAL动物模型与基于网络的回归流程 Combining SMAL animal model with network-based regression process | |
沙漠蝗虫 Schistocerca gregaria | 2D pose | 使用Stack DenseNet和基于GPU的快速峰值检测方法 Using Stack DenseNet and GPU based fast peak detection method | |
双峰驼 Camelus bactrianus | 3D mesh | 多模态热图回归和遗传算法优化二维到三维的关节对应关系 Multimodal heat map regression and genetic algorithm optimization of joint correspondence from 2D to 3D | |
狮 Panthera leo | 3D mesh | 结合部件形状模型、统计形状模型和姿势归一化 Combining component shape models,statistical shape models,and pose normalization | |
| 3D mesh | 少量图像帧中精确捕捉动物的详细3D形状,并提取真实纹理图 Accurately capturing detailed 3D shapes of animals in a small number of image frames and extracting real texture maps | ||
白犀 Ceratotherium simum | 2D pose | 跨领域学习并通过渐进式优化伪标签 Cross disciplinary learning and progressive pseudo label optimization | |
非洲象 Loxodonta africana | 2D pose | 时空一致性约束的半监督学习方法 Semi supervised learning method with spatiotemporal consistency constraints | |
长颈鹿 Giraffa camelopardalis | 3D mesh | 实现关节对象的实时、真实感三维建模 Real time and realistic 3D modeling of joint objects | |
| 3D mesh | 减少点对点对应关系的依赖 Reduce dependence on point-to-point correspondence relationships |
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