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07 July 2008, Volume 20 Issue 4

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DAILY ACTIVITY RHYTHM AND TIME BUDGET OF GOLDEN TAKIN IN SPRING AND SUMMER

ZENG Zhigao, SONG Yanling

2000, 20(4):  241-249. 

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The home range size of four takins (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) were determined by radio-tracking technique in Foping Nature Reserve in Shaanxi Province from August 1995 to August 1996.The yearly home range size of the four radio-collared takins, M1,M2,F1,F2, were 50.1km²,35.2 km²,43.5 km²,98.5 km² respectively, the mean size was 56.8 km².Migratory behavior of the takins produced a great effect on their home range sizes. The mean size of home range in each season was varied for three radio-collared individuals (M1,F1,F2),26.9 km² for summer,22.1 km² and 11.1 km²for autumn and winter respectively. Food quality, availability and distribution in the study area were the partially explanation for the seasonal difference in home range sizes. The monthly mean size of the home ranges was 6.3±4.0 km² (n=19), which is 4.1%-18.1% of the yearly mean home ranges. Subadult seemed to hold a large home range than that adult did in the study area. Social behavior related to ages might explain for that difference. Characters of topography was considered to produce affects on the home range sizes in the study area, too. Overlapping in home ranges of the four radio-collared animals was found, but the takins were never observed to appear in the overlapped area at same time. The radio-collared takins tended to use the relatively same home range at different year in the study area. No defense behaviors for the home ranges were recorded in the field during the study period.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLAR RATIOS AND AGE CLASSES OF RED DEER

ZHANG Minghai，XU Qingxiang ，LU Pinyin， JIX Yuwen ，YU Xiaochen

2000, 20(4):  250-257. 

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95 mandibular samples of red deer were collected at random in the Wandashan Mountains easternHeilongjiang Province during 1991-1994. Py using Robinue's method of lower molar measuremenu we mea-cured 72 of all samples(Age≥2.5 years) and pm forwards a fomula of molar ratio(MR ) as follows: MR= where,w_i =the average width of occlusal surfaces of lower molar i;h_i =the average heights above gum line of the corresponding lingual crests of lower molar i. By means of comparisons and statistics between MR and age of deer by determining of dental cement-annuli method The molar ratio MR as a quanta fiveindex to determining ages or age classes of red deer was given.



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A STUDY OF BLUE SHEEP POPULATION LIFE TABLE AND ITS GROUP STRUCTURE OF DIFFERENT SEASONS IN HELAN MOUNTAIN

LIANU Yunmei, WAND Xiaoming

2000, 20(4):  258-262. 

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Based on 62 male skulls with horns from the field and determined the age by growth ring of horn，the static life cabledsurvivorship curve and age structure of blue sheep(Pseudois nayaur)population were studied from July to September,1995, and from April to May, 1996, in Helan mountain of Ningxia Hui Autonomus region. The natural death of individual began to increase after the age of 5.5 years old，9.5 years old was another peak(qx=0..5).Over 50% survivor individuals were 8 years old or more. The life expectancy of blue sheep in Helan Mountain was 13 years old. The male's survivor curve showed a typical“A”. According to 139 groups from 808 blue sheep observed in spring of 1996 and 67 groups from 448 individuals in summer of 1995, the group structure, size and sex ratio were studied. The ratio of young to adult female is similar in these two seasons. Blue sheep group size varied insignificantly between spring and summer (P<0.05).The percent of small group<0.05).The percem mixed group in spring(79.90 n)is significaW bigger khan }ha} of summer(37 . 3 0 n)(P> (<11 inds./group) is 93.1% in spring and 90.5% in summer. The percent of female group in spring (8.6%)is significant smaller than that of summer(44.8%) (p<0.05).the percent of mixed group in spring (79.9%)is significant bigger than that of summer(37.3%)(p<0.05).

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THE M0RPHOL0GY AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS 0N CRANIUM 0F MACACA MULATTA IN TAIHANG M0UNTAINS

Lu Jiuquan, LU Jiqi, ZHANG Jianjun, XUE Deming ,Qu Wengyuan

2000, 20(4):  263-269. 

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According to the Wu Rukang (1984) and Shao Xiangqing’s (1985)methods，reports the morphological characteristics and the measure Value of some cranium variables of the Macaca mulatta to in Taihang Mountains The specimens being studied were 12 (6 males and 6 females). There were evidently differences between male and female in some variables such as biauricular breadth．upper facial breadth．orbital breadth，biorbital breadth．Maxillo-alveolar Length et a1．The rhesus macaque distributes in Hunan and Hubei，Fujian and Guangdong provinces．The biological distance in Taihang Mountains rhesus macaque is further than that of the rhesus macaque population between hunan and Hubei to Fujian and Guangdong. Adapted to the climates and plants in warm temperate zone for Long time．The rhesus macaque in Taihang Mountains has be en its unique morphological characteristics.

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SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT MORPH0LOGY IN PLATEAU ZOKOR (MY0SPALAX BAILEYI)

WANG Dehua, WANG Zuwang

2000, 20(4):  270-276. 

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THE BURROWING BEHAVIOR OF MY0SPALAX BAILEY AND ITS RELATION TO SOIL HARDNESS

WANG Quanye, ZHOU Wenyang, WEI Wanhong, ZHANG Yanming, FAN Naichang

2000, 20(4):  277-283. 

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Burrowing behaviors of the plateau Zokors(Myospalax_bailely)in relation to soil hardness were investigated by using radio-telemetry at Haibei Alpine Meadow Ec0system Research Station，Qinghai，China The results showed that there were no differences of burrowing behaviors and the efficiencies of the excavating segment between male and female，except the digging duration of the male was longer than that of the female in the same soil With increase of soil hardness．Digging duration in incisors significantly increased， but dried soil m ass dug Out by the zokors in each bout reduced mean．while the field investigation also showed that soil hardness affected the distribution of the zokor.

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C0MPARATIVE STUDY 0N S0ME AGE CHARACTERISTIC 0F HIPP0SIDEROS ARMIGER IN SICHUAN AREA

WU Yi, HOU Wanru, HU Jinchu, CHENG Ying, LI Jun

2000, 20(4):  284-288. 

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KARYOTYPES AND B CHROMOS0MES 0F APODEMUS PENINSULAE (RODENTIA，MAMMALIA)

WANG Jinxing, ZHAO Xiaofan, QI Hongying, KOH Hung Sun, ZHANG Lai, GUAN Zhenxue

2000, 20(4):  289-296. 

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The mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of Apodemus peninsulae from Mt．Changhai ,Jilin Province(A．P preator)andMt Tai，Shandong Province(A ，P．sowerbyi)，andMt．Qinling．Shaanxi Province(A ．P sowerbyi)．China are described．The A chromosomes of two subspecies A ．peninsulae are identica1．L．e 48 telocentric chromosomes There are differences in the number and types of B chromosomes between three populations One to three medium size metacentric B chromosomes appeared in A ．P．preator and five to fourteen (two types— one medium size metacentric and four to thirteen dot—like B chromosomes)in A. p. sowerrbyi from Mt Tai and 0-1 (telocentric) in A .P . sowerbyi from Mt．Qinling． Two levels of B chromosome numerical variation，inter—and intraindividual were found in two subspecies

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FUNCT10NAL RESP0NSES AND M0DELS 0N THE F0RAGING PR0CESS 0F HERBIV0R0US MAMMALS

TAO Shuanglun, LIU Jike, LI Junnian

2000, 20(4):  297-303. 

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Advances on the functional response of Herbivorous mammal foraging and the set of plant availability variables were review The biomass density．plant density，and plant size of availability plant and bite size were。potential set of variables influencing the functional response of herbivores foraging，and the differences of the variables lead to complicate pattern of functional response Biomass density and plant density had an insignificant influence oil herbivores intake rate While plant size had a significant effect on intake rate By means of the bite size of herbivore replacing plant size in food-concentrated patches．The intake rate of herbivores could be validly predicted in food-concentrated patches．and the intake rate are an as asymptotic function of bite size．which belongs to type II functional response Under natural conditions，recent studies had focused on separating the main factors which could effect on intake Fates from the set of plant availability Variables by experiments.

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CHEMICAL REACTOR THEORY AND DIGESTIVE STRATEGIES 0F THE HERBIVORES

PEI Yanxin, WANG Dehua

2000, 20(4):  304-312. 

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The structure and function of digestive tract is closed rented to the energy assimilation rate and the net rate of nutrients gaining from food for animals Optimal gastraintestine and digestive strategies play a dominant role in the digestive dynamics Chemical reactor model is very useful to characterize the animal gut quantitatively and help us to interpret the digestive strategies of animals. We review the development in this field including ideal chemical reactor mode1.Classification of fermentation for herbivores．and the applications of chemical reactor theory in analyzing the animal digestive strategies，especially for herbivores.

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INVESTIGATION OF REPRODUCTIVE HABITS OF RHOMEMYS OPIMUS POPULATION FROM TENGGENAOER, DAMAOQI OF INNER MONGOLIA

2000, 20(4):  313-317. 

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