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Research advances in Cetacean osmoregulation    Abstract （6244）      PDF（pc） （336KB）（25832）       Knowledge map    Save As a unique clade of mammalia,Cetaceans complete all of their life activities in water. Cetaceans therefore have developed various strategies to adapt to their aquatic environments morphologically,physiologically and ecologically. Most of the Cetaceans inhabit the hyperosmotic marine environment,but a few species live in the hypoosmotic freshwater systems. However,despite the obvious differences of their living environment,both the freshwater and marine Cetaceans face the same challenge - to maintain the water balance and electrolyte homeostasis of their body. How do Cetaceans adapt to their aquatic environments?What kinds of strategies do they develop in morphology,physiology and ecology?We try to expound upon the osmoregulation process of the Cetaceans in the following aspects:source and metabolism of water/ electrolytes, morphology and histology of the kidney and skin,hormone regulation,and the molecules related to osmoregulation etc. by consulting and discussing the conclusions of previous research in the past century on this issue. Moreover,future research trends and important issues in this area are also discussed and proposed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Marine mammal researches in China HAO Yujiang,WANG Kexiong,HAN Jiabo,ZHENG Jingsong,XIAN Yijie,YAO Zhiping,LU Zhichuang,LI Haiyan,ZHANG Xianfeng    Abstract （8541）      PDF（pc） （441KB）（9323）       Knowledge map    Save Researchers in China have studied marine mammals for over 80 years. In recognition of Acta Theriologica Sinica’s 30 year anniversary,we have reviewed the history of this research using an extensive published literature as well as our own research and experience,summarized its progress,and discuss future prospects. Marine mammals in this paper are divided into three groups:whales,pinnipeds,and other marine mammals. We have focused on research examining the ecology, rearing and breeding biology,conservation genetic,acoustics,and conservation biology for selected species. Two main points have been drawn from the review. First,Chinese research on marine mammals is at the forefront of some fields including research on rearing and breeding biology,c onservation biology,and bio-acoustics of river dolphin or porpoise. The second point,unfortunately,is that there is a lack of systematics studies on marine mammals in Chinese coastal waters. Finally, we expect to see significant breakthroughs and real progress on the protection of endangered species in the near future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Catalogue of mammals in China(2021) WEI Fuwen, YANG Qisen, WU Yi, JIANG Xuelong, LIU Shaoying, LI Baoguo, YANG Guang, LI Ming, ZHOU Jiang, LI Song, HU Yibo, GE Deyan, LI Sheng, YU Wenhua, CHEN Bingyao, ZHANG Zejun, ZHOU Caiquan, WU Shibao, ZHANG Li, CHEN Zhongzheng, CHEN Shunde, DENG Huaiqing, JIANG Tinglei, ZHANG Libiao, SHI Hongyan, LU Xueli, LI Quan, LIU Zhu, CUI Yaqian, LI Yuchun ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA    2021, 41 (5): 487-501.   DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150595 Abstract （15859）      PDF（pc） （1771KB）（8228）       Knowledge map    Save China is one of the countries with the highest diversity of mammalian species. Knowledge of mammalian diversity and their taxonomy is fundamental to mammalian research and is the basis of scientific conservation of wild populations. To clarify the species diversity and important taxonomic information such as the taxonomic position of mammals in China, the China Mammalogical Society organized an editorial committee consisting of taxonomists studying different taxonomic groups. Based on previous taxonomic studies and the latest morphological and genetic evidences, the editorial committee produced the latest catalogue of mammalian species in China. This catalogue includes 12 orders, 59 families, 254 genera, and 686 species. The catalogue uses the taxonomy system based on phylogeny and fully discusses the validity of species taxonomy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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History,current situation and prospects on nature reserves for giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in China HU Jinchu,ZHANG Zejun ,WEI Fuwen    Abstract （10626）      PDF（pc） （190KB）（7296）       Knowledge map    Save The giant panda,a tribute to emperors in ancient China,is an endemic species and regarded as a modern national treasure. Contributing to extensive illegal hunting,it has become endangered before liberation. During 1950s,Chinese government initiated the establishment of nature reserves to conserve wildlife and their habitats,and in 1960s,five reserves, including Wolong,Wanglang,Baihe,Labahe and Taibaishan,were established for the giant panda. Seven more reserves were established in 1970s,based on the first national ground survey for the giant panda,and the reserves for the species summed up to thirteen. The second national ground survey (1985 - 1988)indicated that the population of wild giant pandas was decreased as much as 54% . In 1990s,the total of panda reserves was increased to 36,and by now,there have been 63 reserves established to protect giant pandas and their habitats,covering about 85% of the remaining habitats and 50% of individuals. The extant population was estimated about 2000,sparsely distributed in remote western mountane ranges in China. Chinese government has developed many in-situ and ex-site conservation strategies to conserve the animal by now. Giant pandas should deserve a promising future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research advances and perspectives on the ecology of wild giant pandas WEI Fuwen,ZHANG Zejun,HU Jinchu    Abstract （7350）      PDF（pc） （325KB）（6983）       Knowledge map    Save Among the order Carnivora, the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is one of the most attractive animals, possessing high value for scientific research and being a symbol of worldwide nature conservation. In early 1980s, the Chinese government, cooperating with the WWF in initiated a research project on wild giant pandas in Wolong Nature Reserve. Since then, extensive research activities have been conducted in different mountain ranges inhabited by the animal. The application of new techniques such as 3S (GIS, RS, GPS)and molecular markers in the ecological study of the giant panda has greatly improved our understanding of its ecology. To date,a huge body of knowledge and information has been accumulated, potentially helpful for developing adaptive conservation strategies. In this paper, we summarize research findings and progress in understanding the ecology of wild giant pandas during the past 30 years on various aspects, including habitat ecology, feeding ecology, reproductive ecology, behavioral ecology, molecular ecology, population ecology and community ecology. Meanwhile, given the demands of research and management, future research directions are suggested. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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ON THE GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION TAXONOMIC STATUS OF SPECIES AND EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF SIKA DEER IN CHINA QUO Yanshu , ZHENQ Huizhen    Abstract （3440）      PDF（pc） （506KB）（6573）       Knowledge map    Save In early Pleistocene, sika deer was only found in north China region and Taiwan; in middle pleistocene to holocence it extended to northeast region the east of Mongolia-Xinkian region the central China region the south China region, the east of southwest region and Qinghai-Tibet region. There is only one species ( Cervus nippon) in the east Asia from early pleistocene to holocene. It is devided into nine subspecies in China (C. n. sintikuensis, C. n. taicxuanus, C. n.grayi,C. n .hortulorum,C. n .mandarinu, C. n. grassianus,C. n. sinchuanrinus, C. n . kopschi C. n . pseudxis). Sika deer whose home is on the edge of the forest has better adaptabililty. Its distribution regions are abruptly shrinking with the continuous rising of Qinghai-Tibet plateau and man’s action after ice age. Now, there are only 1500 wild sika deers in China. It is discussed evolutionary history of sika deer yet. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Human-large mammals conflicts:A new challenge of wildlife conservation CAI Jing,JIANG Zhigang    Abstract （2553）      PDF（pc） （357KB）（6567）       Knowledge map    Save Human-mammals conflict has become a problem worldwide. It not only brings damage to those people who live near the wildlife,but also causes problems to the conservation for wildlife. Main species causing problems include the wildelephants in Africa and Asia,the deer in North America and most of the large and median sized carnivores worldwide. The factors causing human and large mammals conflicts include the human population increases,wildlife habitat losses,change of land use pattern and wildlife population growth after effective implementation of conservation measures. Quite often several factors are involved in the human-large mammals conflicts. To resolve this problem,the government should enhance the management of large mammals and try to reduce the damage caused by those wild animals. On the other hand,the government should care the indigenous communities that are near the nature reserves and to help to develop the local economy while raising conservation awareness in the indigenous communities. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Distribution pattern and zoogeographical division of mammals on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau HUANG Wei,XIA Lin,YANG Qisen,FENG Zuojian    Abstract （6895）      PDF（pc） （513KB）（6507）       Knowledge map    Save The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is located in southwestern China. 250 species of mammals belonging to 10 orders and 30 families have been recorded by the authors on the plateau. On the basis of comprehensive physical factors,the whole plateau was divided into 24 basic units identified as Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) for clustering. The information on mammals in each was used to compute composition similarity for the 24 OTU using Ward’s methods. Our study indicated that Palaearctic species were mainly distributed in Qiangtang and the northern plateau while the Oriental species were mainly distributed in southern Tibet and the Hengduan Mountains. The Palaearctic species in Qiangtang and the northern plateau comprised 88.6% of those on the whole plateau while the Oriental species in southern Tibet and the Hengduan Mountains comprised 97.7% . Based on clustering analysis and the landform on the plateau etc. , the zoogeographic distributions can be classified into fourth-level divisions. First,the zoogeographic distribution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau can be divided into two first-level divisions with the linkage distance between 0.6219 and 1.0738. Second,the zoogeographic distribution of the whole plateau can be divided into four second-level divisions with the linkage distances between 0.5034 and 0.6219. Third, the zoogeographic distribution of the whole plateau can be divided into seven third-level divisions with the linkage distances between 0.2236 and 0.2684. Fourth,the zoogeographic distribution of the whole plateau can be divided into sixteen fourth-level divisions with the linkage distances between 0.0930 and 0.1245. Finally,according to the mammalian distribution and the evolution of the plateau,we discussed how the distribution pattern of the mammals in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau formed. It is suggested that the formation of the distribution pattern is closely related to the uplift of the plateau. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mammalian fauna and its vertical changes in Mt. Qomolangma National Nature Reserve,Tibet,China HU Yiming,YAO Zhijun,HUANG Zhiwen2 ,TIAN Yuan,LI Haibin,PU Qiong,YANG Daode,HU Huijian    Abstract （5742）      PDF（pc） （1347KB）（6290）       Knowledge map    Save The Mt. Qomolangma Natural Reserve,Tibet (QNR)conserves the extreme-highly mountainous ecosystem of Mt. Qomolangma and,thus,plays an important ecological role. However,its mammalian fauna is still a mystery,due to its harsh natural environments and difficult access. We carried out five field baseline surveys of mammalian diversity in the QNR by using a belt transect method,visits,an auto-trigger camera system,and traps,from September,2010 to October, 2012. A total of 81 species from 23 families and 10 orders were recorded,including 34 species which were listed on the State Key Protection List. Among them,regional species were common at 38. 3% of the total,with 14 Himalaya-Hengduan Mountainous species and 17 Highland species. With increasing attitude,species richness increased and reached its maximum at 2 500 -3 300 m where 48 species were found,followed by a rapid decrease in richness at higher elevations. The Fauna on the South Slope differed significantly from that on the North Slope. Among the 76 species on the South Slope,41 species belonged to the Orient Realm and 25 belonged to the Palearctic Realm. Among the 29 species on the North Slope,there were 2 Oriental species and 23 Palearctic species. On the South Slope,the Oriental species were dominant below an attitude of 3300m and the Palearctic were dominant above 4 000 m. Hence,we suggest that a division between the Oriental Realm and the Palearctic Realm exited in the South Slope in QNR with the dividing line between 3 300 m and 4 000 m. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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MECHANISMS AND THE EVOLUTION OF FEMALE MULTIPLE MATING BEHAVIOR LIU Xiaoming 　LI Ming 　WEI Fuwen    Abstract （2556）      PDF（pc） （163KB）（6268）       Knowledge map    Save Females cannot produce more offspring than the number of their eggs. herefore, from the theoretical perspective, one or a few matings are sufficient for females to fertilize all eggs and maximize their potential reproductive abilities for one estrus period. Contrary to the prediction, however, females of many animal species often mate multiply with a single male or more males. Because mating often carries relatively high cost, it is difficult to understand why females mate multiply. Adaptive and non-adaptive hypotheses to explaining female multiple mating are reviewed in the paper. Adaptive hypotheses are separated into two parts: obtaining both direct benefits and 'indirect (genetic) benefits' from mating partners. Direct benefits may take the form of courtship feeding , nuptial gifts, fertilization assurance, paternal care, stimulation of reproduction and female of guarding of mating right with males. Specifically, this review emphasizes on discussing the three hypotheses on genetic benefits, i. e. 1 acquisition of good genes, increased genetic diversity within clutches, and genetic compatibility. Two non-adaptive hypotheses such as the genetic related and compliance with male behavior are also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress in conservation biology of endangered mammals in China Wei Fuwen ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA    2016, 36 (3): 255-.   DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.201603001 Abstract （5428）      PDF（pc） （1562KB）（6008）       Knowledge map    Save Research progress achieved by Chinese scientists in conservation biology of endangered mammals (e.g. Carnivores, primates, ungulates and cetaceans) from 2010-2015 was reviewed. These researches are mainly related to different branches of the conservation biology, such as evolutionary biology, ecology, behavior, physiology, genetics, genomics and meta-genomics, as well as policy and practices. The remarkable research achievements have been made in Conservation Biology of endangered mammals in China, especially for giant pandas and golden monkeys. Evidence from multidisciplinary researches indicated that the giant panda is not an evolutionary cul-de-sac, remaining evolutionary potential. Although the panda is facing environmental problems such as habitat fragmentations, its population is growing and available habitat is expanding. It turned out that its Red List Category could be downlisted from Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Distribution pattern and zoogeographical discussion of mammals in Xin-jiang HUANG Wei,XIA Lin,FENG Zuojian,YANG Qisen    Abstract （4149）      PDF（pc） （882KB）（5936）       Knowledge map    Save Xinjiang is located in the northwestern portion of China. Altogether,138 species of mammals belonging to 8 orders and 22 families have been recorded by the authors in Xinjiang. Among them,119 species (86.2% of the total number of the mammals) are considered to be Palaearctic and 9 species to be Oriental mammals,with the others considered to be widely spread mammals. On the basis of regions of investigation,we identified 85 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) for clustering. Then the information of mammals in each was used to compute composition similarity for the 85 OTU using Ward's methods of cluster analysis. According to the composition of clustering analysis and of the local landform in Xinjiang etc. , the zoogeographic distribution can be divided into three grades. First, the region of northern part and Hami Basin is separated from the others in Xinjiang. Second,the region of the Altay Mountains is separated from the others in the north,while the region of northern Karakorum-Kunlun Mountains and southern Tarim Basin is separated from the others in the south. Third,the deltaic region of Yily,the region of southern Junggar Basin,the region of Tarbagatai Mountains and the northwest of Junggar Basin and the region of Hami Basin and western Tianshan Mountains are all separated from each, while the region of southern Tianshan Mountains and Pamir Altiplano and the region of northern Tarim Basin are separated from each other. Obviously,the distribution of species is associated with the environments where they live,and some natural barriers can restrict dispersal of mammals. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Abstract （871）      PDF（pc） （97KB）（5801）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Taxonomy and conservation status of gibbons in China    Abstract （7493）      PDF（pc） （774KB）（5642）       Knowledge map    Save This paper reviews the taxonomy and conservation status of gibbons (Hylobatidae)and provides basic and comprehensive data for future conservation and research of gibbons in China. Based on the latest taxonomy of gibbons,4 genera and 17 species are recognized. Of these,6 species in 3 genera (Nomascus concolor, N. nasutus, N. hainanus, N. leucogenys,Hoolock leuconedys,Hylobates lar)are distributed in China. Gibbons once were widely distributed in China, but are now restricted in Yunnan,Guangxi and Hainan because of habitat loss and degradation,and hunting. Conservation of gibbons in China is an urgent problem. H. lar and N. leucogenys might have disappeared from China;the populations of N. nasutus,N. hainanus are less than 30 individuals;the populations of H.leuconedys is less than 200 individuals; and as for the largest population,N. concolor has 1 000 -1 300 individuals. Law enforcement,conservation awareness education,promotion of popular science,and long-term conservation oriented research will help to conserve China’s last surviving gibbons. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mating behavior of captive wolves (Canis lupus) in Heilongjiang,China SHA Weilai,ZHANG Honghai,KONG Fanfan,CHEN Lei,ZHANG Chengde    Abstract （8076）      PDF（pc） （237KB）（5563）       Knowledge map    Save In order to better understand mating patterns and processes of captive wolves (Canis lupus), we observed 4 pairs in the Harbin North Forest Zoo for about 25 days (225 hours in total)from October 2005 to April 2006. We used focal animal sampling and all occurrence recording. Mating behaviors usually occurred during 8∶ 00 - 10∶00 am and 14∶00 -16∶ 00 pm. Among 741 mounts recorded,46 copulations were observed (6. 2% ). The mating period lasted for 5 - 14 days. We observed copulatory locks during copulations. After copulatory lock and several repeated twitches,male wolves would ejaculate. Female wolves displayed obvious sexual solicitations and acted in concert with male mounts by standing still with their tails to one side,and haunches bent forward. There were no differences in the twitching times (P = 0. 827), but we did observe differences in the durations of copulatory locks (one-way ANOVA,F = 71.43,P < 0.001) among the four male wolves. The mean mating duration was 534 ±402 seconds,with the longest 1 588 seconds and the shortest 28 seconds. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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1    Abstract （959）      PDF（pc） （189KB）（5281）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Transcriptomatic determination of convergent evolution between plateau zokors (Eospalax baileyi) and naked mole rats (Heterocephalus glaber) DENG Xiaogong, WANG Kun, ZHANG Shoudong, SU Jianping, ZHANG Tongzuo, LIN Gonghua ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA    2014, 34 (2): 129-137.   Abstract （3653）      PDF（pc） （348KB）（5261）       Knowledge map    Save Subterranean rodents have evolved convergent traits in many of their biological characteristics that allow them to adapt to a similar underground burrowing life style. However,no study has yet been published about this convergent evolution at the molecular level. Here,we use high-throughput next-generation sequencing data (transcriptomes)to identify both amino acid (AA)variations and gene expression levels in order to analyze the convergent evolution of two typical subterranean rodents,the plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi)and the naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber). AA variation analysis detected 54 genes of which each had at least one convergent adaptation site;of these genes 13 were successfully annotated by their relatively obvious phenotypical functions. Within the 13 genes,four (Ptpn6,Sco1,Dhcr 24,and Add2) were related with hypoxia tolerance or adaptation to oxidative stress,four (Mbtps1,Atp1a1,Acsl3,and Ncoa2)were involved in nutrient transport or energy metabolism,fou(Smoc1,Kif1b, Tcap,and Cryab)were involved in limb development or muscle health,and the remaining gene (Myo6)was involved in auditory function. Gene expression level analyses of the two subterranean rodents detected 103 genes that were significantly upregulated (> 3 fold)as compared to mouse (Mus musculus)and guinea pig (Cavia porcellus);20 of these genes could be successfully annotated by their phenotypical functions. Within these 20 genes,12 were related with hypoxia tolerance functions,such as oxygen transport(Dsg2, Tab2, Hp,Rock1,and F5),oxygen metabolism (Tfb1m and Mrpl1),and DNA repair (Tdp2,Rad50,Alkbh2,Hltf, and Plk1),3 were related with the functional integrity of muscle (Sync and Taf3)and bone (Acp5),and the other 5 were involved in immune (Spon2 and Sh2d4a),biological rhythm (Clock),starvation tolerance (Pdk4 ),and reproduction (Clgn). Our results show that the hypoxia tolerance-related genes were the most important adaptation genes found in the two subterranean rodents,followed by the digging apparatus-related genes (especially the skeletal muscle)in addition to the genes important in energy metabolism and energy balance. This paper provides evidence for convergence of subterranean rodents at the molecular level. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Catalogue of mammals in China (2024) WEI Fuwen, YANG Qisen, WU Yi, JIANG Xuelong, LIU Shaoying, HU Yibo, GE Deyan, LI Baoguo, YANG Guang, LI Ming, ZHOU Jiang, LI Song, LI Sheng, YU Wenhua, CHEN Bingyao, ZHANG Zejun, ZHOU Caiquan, WU Shibao, ZHANG Li, CHEN Zhongzheng, CHEN Shunde, DENG Huaiqing, JIANG Tinglei, ZHANG Libiao, SHI Hongyan, LU Xueli, LI Quan, LIU Zhu, CUI Yaqian, LI Yuchun, HE Kai ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA    2025, 45 (1): 1-16.   DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.151039 Abstract （7299）   HTML （217）    PDF（pc） （1493KB）（5082）       Knowledge map    Save Following the publication of the ‘Catalogue of mammals in China (2021)’and the release of Taxonomy and Distribution of Mammals in China, the mammalian catalogue of China has garnered significant attention from researchers worldwide. This surge in attention is primarily attributed to significant national research projects, such as the Second Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program, which have facilitated further exploration of China’s biodiversity and enhanced our understanding of the mammalian fauna. Between 2022 and 2024, a series of new mammalian species have been established, augmenting the 2022 catalogue by 42 species. In order to present a comprehensive overview of the valid mammalian taxa in China, we hereby present an updated edition of the ‘Catalogue of mammals in China (2024)’. The documentation conducted until the end of December 2024 revealed a total of 58 families, en-compassing 263 genera and comprising 736 valid mammalian species in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Camera-trapping survey on the mammal diversity in the Laohegou Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province LI Sheng, WANG Dajun, BU Hongliang, LIU Xiaogeng, JIN Tong ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA    2016, 36 (3): 282-.   DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.201603004 Abstract （3192）      PDF（pc） （1610KB）（4991）       Knowledge map    Save The biological inventory within the established protected areas is the fundamental of biodiversity research and monitoring at both regional and national levels, and camera-trapping has been considered one of the most efficient tools for inventory of mammal community. Laohegou Nature Reserve is located in northern Minshan Mountains, Sichuan Province, and within the core area across the distribution of the iconic conservation species, giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Prior to its establishment in 2012, little is known about the mammal fauna in this area. From 2011 to 2014, we conducted a camera-trapping survey to census the mammals of Laohegou by dividing the reserve into 1 km x 1 km survey blocks. With an extensive survey effort of 9,188 camera-days, we detected and identified 24 wild mammal species and 1 domestic mammal species belonging to 7 orders and 18 families. Other unidentified animals were primarily small-bodied mammals of Chiroptera, Insectivora and Rodentia. Carnivora (9 species) was the most diversity taxon, followed by Artiodactyla (7 species) and Rodentia (6 species). Artiodactyla was the order with the highest detections (43.97%), followed by Rodentia (25.61%) and Carnivora (22.44%), all three taxa summed up to 92.02% of all detections. Three mammal species are evaluated as Endangered by IUCN Red List, 3 species as Vulnerable and 3 species as Near Threatened. Four species are listed as Class I state key protected wild animals in China and 5 species as Class II. This study was the first systematic inventory on the large mammals of Laohegou Nature Reserve. The results provide us valuable information of the community structure, spatial distribution and relative abundance, which will serve as a baseline and foundation for future research and conservation management. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Taxonomic and systematic research progress of mammals in China YU Wenhua, HE Kai, FAN Pengfei, CHEN Bingyao, LI Sheng, LIU Shaoying, ZHOU Jiang, YANG Qisen, LI Ming, JIANG Xuelong, YANG Guang, WU Shibao, LU Xueli, HU Yibo, LI Baoguo, LI Yuchun, JIANG Tinglei, WEI Fuwen, WU Yi ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA    2021, 41 (5): 502-524.   DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150535 Abstract （4380）      PDF（pc） （3119KB）（4905）       Knowledge map    Save Rich mammalian diversity in China ranks it as one of the key groups in maintaining ecological function. Since Mr. John R. Reeves conducted the first mammalian survey in Guangdong, China, from 1829 to 1834, Chinese mammal taxonomic and systematic researches have made remarkable progress in the past 200 years. Presently, the number of mammal species in China has reached 686, representing about 10% of all mammals and making it one of the most diverse countries in mammal species in the world. As China attaches greater importance to ecological protection, the ecological environment is increasingly improved. Nevertheless, along with global climate change, increasing human activities and the emergence of major human-animal epidemics, the importance of mammal surveys and taxonomic clarification has become more apparent. Meanwhile, this traditional discipline is constantly incorporating state-of-art techniques, such as integrative taxonomy, digitization of specimens, type specimens sequencing technique, portable sequencing techniques and deep learning-based species identification, with the goals of verifying species identification, building proper taxonomic classifications, and promoting the application and transformation of taxonomic achievements to other discipline. Animal taxonomy, a traditional basic discipline, is also the basis for many branches in modern biology, such as genetics, physiology, ecology, medicine and pharmacology. However, due to distinct characteristics among disciplines, it has not received sufficient attention in recent years. It is thus necessary to value traditional taxonomy, morphology and other basic disciplines at the national level, and provide special policy and financial support on talent training and funding. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A recent survey of bat diversity (Mammalia:Chiroptera)in Macau WONG Kai Chin,TAN Liangjing,YANG Jian,CHEN Yi,LIU Qi,SHEN Qiqi,CHOI Man    Abstract （5141）      PDF（pc） （2071KB）（4873）       Knowledge map    Save Surveys to investigate bat species diversity were conducted in Macau from 2009 to 2012. Results indicated that at least 10 bat species belonging to eight genera from five families were identified. Of the 10 species,Hipposideros armiger (Hipposideridae)and Pipistrellus abramus (Vespertilionidae)were previously recorded in Macau,while eight species were newly recorded for Macau from the present study. The new bats were Cynopterus sphinx and Rousettus leschenaulti (Pteropidae), Taphozous melanopogon(Emballonuridae), Rhinolophus pusillus (Rhinolophidae),Myotis ricketti,P. pipistrellus, Miniopterus schreibersi,and M. pusillus (Vespertilionidae). In addition,using ultrasound survey methods and comparing results with published data on echolocation calls,we also recorded and identified one Rhinolophus species and one Hipposideros species,the former possibly representing R. siamensis or R. affinis,and the latter H. pomona or Aselliscus stoliczkanus. The present work also reports data on distribution range,morphological characteristics and echolocation calls of all 10 captured bat species,as well as a discussion of population size and conservation status in these species. It is important to protect roost habitats (including caves,old buildings and Chinese fan-palm)in order to conserve bat species diversity in Macau. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Feeding activity of François langurs in Karst habitat ZHOU Qihai,CAI Xiangwen,HUANG Chengming,LI Youbang,LUO Yaping    Abstract （4288）      PDF（pc） （1396KB）（4866）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the influence of habitat fragmentation on the ecology of the François langur (Trachypithecus francoisi), data on habitat use were collected from a group of François langurs living in an isolated hill in the Fusui Rare Animal Nature Reserve,Guangxi Province,between August 2002 and July 2003. Our results indicated that there was significant variation in the distribution of feeding activity in different vertical hill zones They showed preference for feeding in the middle zone. The top zone,as well as the bottom zone were used less for feeding. Langurs' feeding activities were concentrated in six patches,with a total area of 7.94 ha,which occupied 18.9% of the habitat. The densities of langurs' preferred food plants in the feeding patches were higher than that in the non-feeding patches. Langurs' diet varied according to season, even though leaves contributed a large proportion of the diet. This diet shift corresponded to seasonal variations in the utilization of feeding patches. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Blood physiological parameters of captive Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) HAN Zhiqiang, WANG Haijun, Liu Cunfa, WANG Xiaoxu, ZHAO Quanmin, XU Chao ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA    2019, 39 (5): 590-594.   DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150241 Abstract （3484）      PDF（pc） （985KB）（4837）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, the blood physiological parameters of 26 captive Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) were measured by a blood cell analyser, and the differences in the physiological parameters, vital statistics, and platelet-related parameters and their effects between male and female individuals were compared. The results indicate that the differences in physiological parameters between male and female individuals is not noticeable(P>0.05). And list some platelet-related parameters, PLT (211.15±59.77)×109/L, PCT(0.26±0.09)%, MPV (12.65±0.88) fL, PDW (22.28±1.68) fL, P-LCR (44.56±8.03) %。The measurement of blood physiological parameters appears to be of great help in the diagnosis, and subsequent treatment, of diseases in Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica), and the measurement of platelet-related parameters is important in standardizing the blood physiological parameters of this species. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Distribution and vicissitude of gibbons (Hylobatidae)in China during the last 500 years ZHOU Yunhui,ZHANG Peng    Abstract （2863）      PDF（pc） （1509KB）（4738）       Knowledge map    Save Gibbon (Hylobatidae spp. )is the only hominoid inhabiting China,and it is the genus which has died out most rapidly in the modern history of China. Research on the historical distribution of gibbons and the factors affecting their distribution, however,are rather limited. Based on ancient literature,in this paper we probe into regional changes in the distribution of gibbons in China dating back to Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). Our results show that the distribution area of gibbons not only shrank towards the southwest,but also in other several regions until gibbons now can be found. Gibbons now survive only in southwestern China and Hainan Island. Although reasons of for the habitat decrease are multiple,among them,the human disturbance matters significantly. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparison of the Tibetan fox (Vulpes ferrilata) home range size using methods the fixed kernel estimation and the minimum convex polygon LIU Xiaoqing,WANG Xiaoming,WANG Zhenghuan,LIU Qunxiu,MA Bo    Abstract （4974）      PDF（pc） （861KB）（4726）       Knowledge map    Save The minimum convex polygon (MCP)and the fixed kernel estimator (FKE)are the two methods most used for home range estimation. However,because of the problems like spatial data dependence and extreme data points,the usage of these two methods is limited. In this paper,we attempted to analyze and compare the results from these two methods, and discuss how to avoid the disadvantages of each method to make the home range estimation more accurate. We documented 352 locations of 7 adult Tibetan foxes (Vulpes ferrilata) in Shiqu County,Sichuan Province and Dulan County,Qinghai Province during 2006 and 2007. Both MCP and FKE were used to calculate the home range. We found:(1)when the utility probability percentage was set ≤95% ,the difference of the home range size calculated by these two methods had no significant difference;(2)although FKE was more robust than MCP,extreme data points influenced the calculation of both the two methods in higher utilization probability percentage (i. e.,85% - 100% ); (3)home range size calculated by FKE was influenced significantly by the setting of smoothing parameter h which could be determined arbitrarily and the least squares cross validation did not always provide the best evaluation of h. We recommended that both of the FKE and 95% MCP should be used in the same home range study. FKE can be the better home range estimator when the autocorrelation of data spatial distribution is not significant. However,95% MCP can be the only choice especially when the comparison of the results from different telemetry studies is needed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Homosexual and masturbating behaviors in a group of captive Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) ZHANG Changqun, ZHENG Yang, PLATTO Sara, HAO Yujiang, WANG Ding ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA    2015, 35 (3): 241-252.   Abstract （5519）      PDF（pc） （2063KB）（4688）       Knowledge map    Save Similar to terrestrial mammals, male-female sexual behavior is significant for the survival and continuation of certain cetacean species. However, non-reproductive mating behaviors, i.e. homosexual behaviors and masturbation, are widespread in all mammals. Therefore, it would be interesting and helpful to better understand the reproduction of cetaceans by further investigating their non-reproductive behaviors. We investigated male and female non-reproductive behaviors in a captive population of Yangtze finless porpoise including three males and four females. Fourteen sexual behaviors were defined in our sexual behavioral ethogram, and the occurrence frequencies and dyads of each non-reproductive behavior were recorded. Over half of the sexual behaviors were non-reproductive behaviors (3887 times, 69.87%); homosexual behaviors occurred 3633 times (65.31%) and masturbation was recorded 254 times (4.57%). Most homosexual behaviors were performed between males (3438 times, 94.63%). The dyads AFU & TAO (1921 times, 55.88%) were the most active dyads involved in male-male sexual behaviors, and most of these behaviors (1543 times, 80.32%) were cooperative by counterpart. The male homosexual behaviors are thought to be related to the gang coalition or training. One female-female pair (F7 & F9; 117 times; 60.00%) performed the most frequent homosexual behaviors. None of the female-female sexual behaviors were rejected by the counterpart. Female homosexual behaviors, however, may have something to do with company or communication. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The application of infrared camera in mammal research in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve,Shaanxi WU Pengfeng,LIU Xuehua,CAI Qiong,HE Xiangbo,Melissa Songer,ZHU Yun,SHAO Xiaoming    Abstract （6309）      PDF（pc） （410KB）（4670）       Knowledge map    Save Since July 2009,the total 18 cameras were installed in the Guanyinshan Nature Reserve (GNR),Shaanxi Province.During our 24 months’monitoring from August 2009 to July 2011,we have collected a total of 1 755 mammal photos.The results show (1)a total of 22 mammal species were photographed. The first 6 species selected for analysis based on a relative abundance index (RAI)were Budorcas taxicolor,Naemorhedus goral,Elaphodus cephalophus,Sus scrofa,Capricornis sumatraensis and Muntiacus reevesi;their total percentage reaches 86.04% . (2)The monthly RAI (MRAI)for the whole year varies among months. The greatest value of MRAI is acquired in July and the lowest in February. (3)Three of the six selected species demonstrated similar daily activity patterns,which has two peaks,one at dawn and one at dusk.The daily pattern of Naemorhedus goral also has two peaks,but they differe from those of the previous three species. The daily activity pattern of Sus scrofa shows a peak at noon and Capricornis sumatraensis was less active at the period of 10∶ 00- 16∶00. (4)The NRAI gave a clear indication of variation in nocturnality among the 6 species. Capricornis sumatraensis was most active at night and Sus scrofa was opposite. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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CHROMOSOME STUDY IN CHINESE PORCUPINE，HYSTRIS HODGSONI(RODENTIA，HYSTRICIDAE) GUO Jianmin, WANG Jianhua, FAN Hui    Abstract （1851）      PDF（pc） （113KB）（4648）       Knowledge map    Save The result of the study on chromosomes of Chinese poreupine, Hystris hodgsoni，is reported in present paper．The diploid chromosome number is 2n=66．The autosomes consist of8 meta-，16 submeta-，6 subtelo-，and 2 acrocentric pairs． NF=124．TheX is a long-sized metacentric chromosome and Y a small metacentric．From the results of chromosome bandings in Chinese porcupine，karyotypic evolution is prelim inarily discussed． Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Discovery of Murina shuipuensis outside of its type locality – new record from Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces, China WANG Xiaoyun, ZHANG Qiuping, GUO Weijian, LI Feng, CHEN Bocheng, XU Zhongxian, WANG Yingyong, WU Yi, YU Wenhua, LI Yuchun ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA    2016, 36 (1): 118-122.   DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.201601014 Abstract （3369）      PDF（pc） （18522KB）（4612）       Knowledge map    Save In 2012 and 2013, three and nine bat specimens were collected respectively from Nanling National Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province and Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province. All specimens were small sized with forearm length of 30.51 to 34.62 mm and orange-yellow ventral fur. Based on their external and skull characteristics, they were identified as Murina shuipuensis; a newly named species reported by Eger and Lim (2011) from Guizhou. These are the first recorded in the Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces outside of its type locality (Shuipu Village, Libo County, Guizhou, China). All specimens were deposited in the Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China in Guangzhou University. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Sexual size dimorphism in animals and the relative research in bats WU Hui,JIANG Tinglei,FENG Jiang ACTA Theriologica Sinica    2014, 34 (3): 313-.   Abstract （4053）      PDF（pc） （1449KB）（4598）       Knowledge map    Save Sexual size dimorphism (SSD)is commonplace in the animal kingdom. SSD in a given species is expected to result if selective pressures on body size are stronger in one sex than another,or if selective processes push the two sexes in opposing directions. Rensch’s rule states a relationship between SSD and body size:SSD increases with body size when males are the larger sex,and decreases with body size when females are the larger sex. Here,we review briefly some research progress and the variation patterns in SSD of animals,and summarize the SSD research in bats. Further studies are required to investigate why bats mostly exhibit female-biased SSD,and whether the variation in SSD conforms to Rensch’s rule. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）