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20 August 1990, Volume 10 Issue 3

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AN ANALYSIS ON HABITAT STRUCTURE OF THE HAINAN GIBBON

LIU Zhenhe, TAN Chaofeng

1990, 10(3):  163-169. 

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The gibbons of Hainan live mainly on the high trees in tropical valley rain forests and mountain rain forests，and are hard to adapt themselves to other types of forests．There must be enough tropical natural forests to protect gibbons．
The valley and mountain rain forests have vertical structure that the stratification is of more than three layers．The trees are high and have wide range crowns with big xyloid lianas．epipbyte and parasite plants，and have most abundant food resources．Humidity and temperature are most suitable and the conditions are good for gibbons
singing and sleeping．
The wider vallies and slopes of virgin rain forests are major places for activities and shelter for the gibbon groups which prefer to live in the forest area between the middle and lower—middle part of mountains，but go rarely to the forests in the mountain peak and ridge with high altitude．
There are few birds or beasts of prey in the area，and not under threat．With lessening human disturbances and the good condition of natural forests，the gibbon population will increase．It has been proved that the number of the gibbon has been doubled since the Bawangling Nature Rererve on the Hainan Island was Set up．
Though the gibbon population do not have an attachment to the rem nant and secondary forests at present．the gibbons may make use of them after their long- time renewal．

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A STUDY 0N THE CHARACTERS 0F CALL OF RHESUS MACAQUES(MACACA MULATTA)

FENG Min, JIANG Haisheng

1990, 10(3):  170-174. 

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In this paper，the normal and frightened calls of the wi1d rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta ) at Nanwan peninsula of Hajnan Island have been analyzed．
The norma1 and frightened ca1Is of the adult female and the yearling monkey are of a kind of harmonic structure．For the adult female，the subharmonic of high amplitude (SHHA_1,2) of the normal and frightened call are 300Hz，550Hz and 300Hz，1.2KHz respectively，and for yearling monkey，the SHHA_1,2，3 of the normal and frightened call are 300Hz，1KHz，2KHz and 350Hz，1KHz，3KHz respectively．In the acoustic structure，these calls are the composition of a periodic wave (PW ) and the high amplitude pulse train (HAPT)．The average period(T) PW remains 20ms all along．

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A STUDY ON FEEDING AND BEDDING HABITAT SELECTION BY RED DEER IN WINTER

ZHANG Minghai, XIAO Qianzhu

1990, 10(3):  175-183. 

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Both feeding and bedding habitat selection by red deer (Cervus eiaphus xantho-pygus) were studied in Dailing Region，Heilongjiang province during December 1985-March 1987．On the analysis of field data with theory of quantification，following conclusions were teached．
1．A remarkable difference appeared among factors which influenced on habitat selection and obvious changes of factors were shown in different periods of winter．The main factors which exerted notable influence on feeding habitat selection by red deer were as those：forage abundance throughout the winter months; distance from human distarbance and forest type in early and latter winter ; aspect and wind direction in middle winter；snow depth in hatter winter．And the seco ndary factors were degree of slope and horizontal cover density thtoughout the winter months. 2．Among factors in relation to bedding habitat se lection by red deer，the main
factors were horizontal cover density，distance from human disturbance and wind dire-ction．The secondary factora were degree of slope and Snow depth．However, changes among these factors were not as distinct as feeding habitat selection．
3．The optimal feeding habitat seleetions by red deer in winter were：a) weight of dry- matter of available forage >0.93g／m2 ．b)distance from human disturbance>600m ; c) Snow depth<40cm ; d) cleareut land (3- 7years)or planted poplar young growth; e) non-disturbance from other ungulates，f) slope back with the wind} south-eastern and southern exposure; and middle or lower slope position．
4．The optimal bedding habitat selections by red deer in winter were ：a)horizon-
tal cover density>0．4，b) distance from human disturha nce 900m，c)weight of dry-
matter available forage >0.4g／m 2，d)poprar birch youn g growth，e) non-disturbance
from other ungulates，f) slope back with the wind,southern exposure and midd1e slope
position.

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A BIOLOGICAL STUDY OF DWARF BLUE SHEEP

WU Yi , YUAN Chonggui, HU Jinchu, PENG Jitai , TAO Peilin

1990, 10(3):  185-188. 

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This paper deals with the taxonomy and ecology of the Dwarf Blue Sheep，Pseudois schaeferi，A series of topotyes were collected by the authors at Batang，Sichuan in 1988．The study confirms Groves’opinion that it is a solitary species instead of asubspecies of P.nayaur．Some supplementary informations were added as the measurements (figs.1,2)and the summer pelage which is black brown-grey and a little yellowish above with a black stripe down the wrist of the forelegs．Besides some ecological materials were gathered．The habitat is the dry valleys overhanging rocks herbosa at an altitude about 2600- 3200 metres．In studing its food，we find the Dwarf blue sheep eat more than twenty species of plants．The density is 0.5- l／km² of indivlduals．The total number of the existing Dwarf blue sheep is adout 70- l50 at Batang．
Finally, we suggest that the Dwarf blue sheep should be decided to he the first level protective animals in our country and a natural reserve of the sheep should be set up in this area．

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A STUDY ON THE POPULATION STRUCTURE AND LIFE TABLE OF BLUE SHEEP IN YUSHU AND GOLOG，QINGHAI PROVINCE

REN Junrang, YU Yuqun

1990, 10(3):  189-193. 

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In this paper We have studied the size and composition of blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) groups from 4470 individuals found in field．Of 2168 individuals Were classified by sex．and the ratio of adult female to adult male is 1:0.5，the ratio of young to adult female is 66:l00，yearling to adult female 31:100.
W d have gathered 54 male skulls died in field and determined the ages by growth rings of horns．According to the skulls，the survivalcurve and life tabe have been calculated.

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THE CHROMOSOMES OF SAND BADGER，MELES MELES LEPTORHYNCHUS (CARNIVORA，MUSTELIDAE)

WANG Jianhua , GUO Jianmin , FAN Hu

1990, 10(3):  194-196. 

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The karyotype and banded chromosomes in sand badger, Meles meles leptorhynchus were reported in the present paper．The diploid chromosome number is 2n=44，NF=72 and the autosomes were divided into four groups (8m +12sm+10st+12t)．The X is a medium-size submetacentric chromosome and the Y is the smallest telocentric．The G-，C- banding patterns of chromosomes and Ag-NORs were also described．

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C0MARATIVE STUDIES 0N MYOCARDIUM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTI0N IN MARM0TA HIMALAYANA AND RAT

YE Yucong, CHEN Qinming, LONG Wen, RUAN Zhonghai, HUANG Baohong

1990, 10(3):  197-202. 

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comparative studies have been carried out both for myocardium ultrastrueture, some seroenzyme activities and physiological parameters in Marmota himalayana (2200m and 3300m above sea leve1)and in Hilltop Sprague-Dowley rats (brought from the lowland
to 3300m)．
The investigation showed that levels of RBC，Hb，Hat，TVW／BW ，RVW ／LVW ，MAP，MRVP and the activities of CK，LDH in SD rats were increased and cardiachypertrophy occured，evident ultrastructura1 damnges of myocardium were noticed as well during hypoxia．Ultrastructural change involved edema of intra-and extracellular space，disruptive coagulation bands of myofibrils，disarrangement and disruption 0f filaments，dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum ．swelling of mitochondria，and reduction of glycogen granules．
Therefore，the mechanisms of acc1imatization to hypoxia are different between the two animals．In M .himalayana，an appropriate activation of blood-circulative function is used to adapting the lower 0₂content；while in SD rat，the activation of blood
-forming function isthe main form of adaptation．

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A STUDY ON THE BREEDING AREA AND THE TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR IN PLATEAU PIKA (OCHOTONA CURZONIAE)

WANG Xuegxo, DAI Kehua

1990, 10(3):  203-209. 

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Breedingareaandterritorialbehaviorinamarkedpopulationofplateaupika(Och-Otonacurzoniae)werestudiedovera3yearbreedingperiod．1985～1987 in HeimaheofQinghaiLake．
Plateaupikaisacharacteristicsteppedwellingpika．Theystayrelativelyclosetotheirburrowsystemandlivecoloniallyinfamilygroups.Thehomerangeisanareaoverwhichafamilymembercommonlyroams， butdoesnotnecessarilydefend．Territoryisanarealessthantheirhomerange , frequentlyusedanddefendedbytheparents．
Duringthebreedingseasonfemale-male，suggestingasystemofpairing，establishanewfamilyandahomerange．Maintenanceofterritoriesisenhancedbyaffiliative behaviors，longcalling，scent-marking andaggressivebehaviors(chasing，fighting)，andaggressionisgreateramongmalesthanfemales.

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C0MPARATIVE STUDY 0F RESTRICTⅣE MAPS 0F MIT0CH0NDRIAL DNAS FROM LIVERS 0FOCHOTONA DAURICA AND 0.CURZONIAE

WANG DongJiang, ZENG Weiqiang

1990, 10(3):  210-214. 

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mtDNA from Ochotona daurica liver was cleared by HindⅡ，HindⅢ ，EcoRI and BemHI into 5，4，3，and 2 fragments．The sizes and orders of these fragments in the respective genomes were determined with data obtained from agarose gel electrophoresis．mtDNA from O.curzouiae liver was cleaved by EcoRI and BaraHI into 4 and 2 fragments．The sizes were determined by the same way as in 0.deurica．The molecular weight of 0.daurica mtDNA wes found to be l0.25 MD and about 16.59 kbp; the molecular weight of O.curzoniae mtDNA was 9.31 M D and about 15.066 kbp；The differences of restrictive fragments between ratDNA from 0.daurica and 0.curzoniae were discussed．

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STUDY 0F C0MMUNITY DIVERSITY OF RODENTS IN ANXI DESERT

LIU Naifa, FAN Huawei, JING Kai, NING Ruidong

1990, 10(3):  215-220. 

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This study was conducted in Anxi desert area of Western Gansu from April to June，1988．Thirteen rodent communities were investigated for dealing with the inter-relationships between communities of rodents and their habitats．
Eight species of rodents were captured，and the numbers of species in communities increased from l species to 7 species．The community diversity of rodents was negativelyinterrelated with coverage of vegetation and the plant density significantly (r =- 0.5869，p< 0.05; r= -0.6835，p< 0.01)，and it was not interrelated with the numbers
of plant species，plant height diversity and dominances，neither with altitude and annual rainful．
There are significant dlfferences among rodents in selecting ground water level and substrates．The great majority of species have tended to selecting gobi．There are a few species in the communities where ground water level is higher．

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A STUDY ON POPULATION QUANTITY COMPOSITION AND REPR0DUCTI0N 0F STRIPED HAIRY—F00TED HAMSTER

DONG Weihui, HOU Xixian, ZHANG Pengli, ZHOU Yanli, YANG Yuping, XUE Xiaoping

1990, 10(3):  221-226. 

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This paper presents results of studies on the population quantity，composition and reproduction of striped hairy-footed hamster(Phodopus sungorus)，itwas carried out in the typical steppe in Zheng xiang bat County，Inner Mongolia from April to September 1987．A total number of 231 specimens were colleted and dissected，among which 108 were females and 123 males．Results obtained are as follows．
1．There is a small number of striped hairy-footed hamster distributed in the steppe in Inner Mongolia．After rodent control，the population density of striped hairy-footed hamster increases more than brandt's vole (Microtus brandti) ，while the population density of Brandt's vole was low．
2．The specimens were divided into four age groups based on the height of grinding surfaces of the posterior molar and first upper molar wear of stripe d hairy-footed hamster．Four age groups are juvenil,subadult，adult and senior respectively．
3．The Sex ratio of striped hairy-footed hamster was 1:1 approximately．
4．the breeding characteristic of the male was studied according to the weight and length of testis and the sex maturity．The spermatozoa were determined as landmark of Sex maturity．
5．The pregnant rate in female averaged out to 43.10±9.20％ ，and it was 36.40± 27.67% in May，75.00±14.20％ in June，51.90±16.70% in July and 52.40±19.20% in August．The average 1itter size was 6.81±0.22，and 7.75± 1.03, 7.41± 0.54，6.81±0.26 and 6.36±0.39 from May to August respectively．

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PHARMACOKINETICS OF A NEW RODENTICIDE DESMETHYLBROMETHALIN

JIANG Hong, DENG Zhi, HE Guihua

1990, 10(3):  227-230. 

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After oral administration of desmethylbromethalin to rats, the blood concentration of desmethylbromethalin was determined by HPLC，and the pharmacokinetic parameters 0f the compound were obtained．The experimental results indicated that desmethylbro-methalin is quickly absorbed in rats and then slowly eliminated from blood.The peak of serum concentration is reached in 2.15 hours after oral administration．The absorption half life is 0.32 hour and the elimination half life is 31.94 hours．Low concentration bait(50 ppm) of desmethy lbromethalin is pa latable and several feedings of the bait may be maintaining the lethal concentration in blood on target animals．However if properly used，it is safer to nontarget animals than other acute rodenticides．

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COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON SOD AND LDH ISOZYMES AS WELL AS PROTEINS IN THE PLASMAS OF THREE MURIDS

ZHOU Yucan, SHAO Linxing, HE Xinxia

1990, 10(3):  231-234. 

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The intention of this paper is to utilize the simultaneous staining technique on same slab gel of PAGE to analyse superoxide dismutase (SOD)and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH ) isozymes in the plasma from three species of Murids．We also used PAGE to analyse the plasma proteins．The result obtained is satisfactory．The isozyme bands
of SOD were colorless and transparent and their migration rates were faster，whie the isozyme bands of LDH were stained and their migration rates were slower．In the Plasma of each species the number and the mobility of SOD and LDH isozymes were different，thus the isozyme patterns of each species possessed their special characteristics．In addition，the electrophoretograms of the plasma proteins also had different features from this species to that species．For instance，the number and the mobility of prealbumin and transferrin bands were different in various species analysed．These differences mentioned above can usually be attributed to differences of species．It is evidently showed that the technique of simultaneous staining is convenient and effective for study on SOD and LDH isozymes simultaneously．

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A OBSERVATION ON SEX BEHAVIOR OF THE WHITE-LIPPED DEER

1990, 10(3):  235-236. 

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