中国东北豹头骨三维重建及测量参数

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150740

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

世界上8个金钱豹亚种中，东北豹 (Panthera pardus orientalis) 最濒危，在我国主要分布在东北虎豹国家公园及其周边区域。兽类分类研究中，颅骨特征曾经是，并将继续是理解种间和种内分类的重要证据。因东北豹数量稀少，还未有其头骨测量数据的报道。本研究以1只病重死亡的雌性东北豹头颅标本为研究对象，经大昌Sunshine32 X射线计算机体层摄影设备扫描获得影像数据，运用3D Slicer软件对东北豹头颅扫描数据进行头骨三维重建，建立东北豹头骨的“数字化头骨”并测得东北豹头骨的26项参数指标。该结果填补了我国大型猫科动物中东北豹头骨形态的数字化模型空白，为将来大型濒危猫科动物研究、保护、医疗、数据保存及猫科动物种群分化等保护工作提供基础依据。头骨的形态学信息，为东北豹的分类研究打下基础。

关键词: 东北豹, 头骨, 形态学, CT, 三维重建

Abstract:

The Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis), one of the world’s most endangered cat subspecies, is mainly distributed in the Northeastern Tiger and Leopard National Park and its surrounding areas in China. No skull measurements have been reported due to its rarity. In this study, the head specimen of a female Amur leopard who died of severe illness was used as the research object. The image data was acquired by scanning with the Dachang Sunshine32 X-ray computed tomography device and the 3D skull reconstruction was performed with the 3D Slicer software to establish the‘digital specimen’of the Amur leopards and measure 26 cranial parameters. This study filled the gap in the digital morphology model of the northeast leopard’s skull among the big cats in China, and provided a basis for the future conservation work of large endangered cats, such as research, conservation, medical treatment, data preservation and feline population differentiation. Morphological information from the skull laid the foundation for taxonomic studies of the Amur leopard. For taxonomic studies of mammals, cranial features have been, and continue to be, important evidence for understanding both interspecific and intraspecific taxonomy.

Key words: Amur leopard, Skull, Morphology, CT, Three-dimensional reconstruction

中图分类号:

Q954

刘强, 王海军, 赵越, 陈世玉, 姜广顺. 中国东北豹头骨三维重建及测量参数[J]. 兽类学报, 2023, 43(3): 315-321.

Qiang LIU, Haijun WANG, Yue ZHAO, Shiyu CHEN, Guangshun JIANG. The three-dimensional reconstruction and parameter measurement of the skull of Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) in China[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 43(3): 315-321.

图/表 4

图1 3D Slicer进行东北豹头骨三维重建的工作界面图. A：3D视图窗口；B：横断面；C：冠状面；D：矢状面

Fig. 1 Working interface diagram of 3D reconstruction of the skull of the Amur leopard by 3D Slicer. A: 3D view window; B: Cross section; C: Coronal plane; D: Sagittal plane

图2 东北豹头骨量度示意图，图片引自Khorozyan等 (2006) 和三维数字化模型测量结果. A：头骨背面观示意图；B：头骨腹面观示意图；C：头骨背面观三维数字化模型测量结果；D：头骨腹面观三维数字化模型测量结果.数字对应表1的测量部位，量度6、16、17、25和26未标出

Fig. 2 The cranial measurements of Amur leopard used in this study, figure from Khorozyan et al.(2006) and 3D measurement result. A: Measurements for Amur leopard, dorsal view; B: Measurements for Amur leopard, ventral view; C: 3D measurement of the skull model, dorsal view; D: 3D measurement of the skull model, ventral view. Numbers correspond to the measurement sites in table 1, the measurements 6, 16, 17, 25 and 26 are not displayed

图3 东北豹头骨三维数字化模型. A：背面观； B：腹面观； C：侧面观； D：枕面观. 1：眶下孔；2：颧突；3：额突；4：额骨；5：脑室；6：矢状嵴；7：卵圆孔；8：颧骨；9：听泡；10：枕踝；11：乳突；12：枕大孔；13：鼻骨；14：犬齿；15：臼齿；16：下颌骨；17：额骨；18：脑室；19：矢状嵴；20：颧骨；21：听泡；22：枕大孔；23：人字嵴；24：枕骨；25：枕踝

Fig. 3 Three-dimensional surface reconstruction CT images of the Amur leopard. A: dorsal view; B: ventral view; C: lateral view; D: caudal view. 1: Infraorbitale; 2: Zygomatic process; 3: Frontal process; 4: Frontal; 5: Encephalocoele; 6: Sagittal suture; 7:Foramen ovale; 8: Zygomatic; 9: Bulla ossae; 10: Occipital condyles; 11: Mastoid; 12: Forman magum; 13: Nasal; 14: Canines; 15: Molar; 16: Mandibular; 17: Frontal; 18: Encephalocoele; 19: Sagittal suture; 20: Zygomatic; 21: Bulla ossae; 22: Forman magum; 23: Lambdoid suture; 24: Occipital; 25: Occipital condyles

表1 东北豹头骨测量结果

Table 1 Measurements of the Amur leopard skull

测量部位 Measurements of the skull	测量值 Measurements （mm）
1颅全长 Greatest length （GL）	192.00
2颅基底长 Skull basilar length （SBL）	177.10
3基长 Basal length （BL）	162.40
4上颊齿列冠长Length of upper tooth row C-P4（LUT）	64.35
5 P4齿冠基长 Length of P4 （LP4）	24.66
6枕颅高 Basion height （BH）	64.64
7颅底轴长 Basicranial axis （BA）	71.66
8枕大孔宽 Greatest breadth of the foramen magnum （GBFM）	38.86
9颧宽 Zygomatic breadth （ZB）	121.00
10最大眶间距 Greatest breath of the skull （GBS）	62.58
11最小眶间宽 Least inter-orbital breadth （LIB）	33.76
12上腭宽 Greatest palatal breadth （GPB）	73.80
13犬齿外宽 Breadth at the canine alveoli （BCA）	48.05
14最小眶后宽 Minimal breadth of the postorbital constriction （BPC）	40.92
15眶下孔距 Breadth between infraorbital foramina （BIF）	53.58
16眼窝高 Greatest inner height of the orbit （GHO）	40.90
17眼窝长 Greatest inner length of the orbit （GLO）	46.03
18鼻骨中缝长 Nasal suture length （NSL）	44.06
19眶上孔颅长 Upper neurocranium length （UNL）	79.23
20鼻颅长 Midian frontal length （MFL）	128.10
21后颅与基底间长度 Length between opisthocranion and basion （LOB）	30.82
22听泡长度 Length of bulla ossae （LBO）	29.79
23听泡宽度 Width of bulla ossae （WBO）	13.73
24听泡间宽 Breadth between bulla ossae （BBO）	24.14
25脑颅最大宽 Greatest breath of the braincase （GBB）	71.75
26乳突间距 Greatest mastoid breadth （GMB）	79.07

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