食物蛋白质含量对高原鼠兔免疫功能的影响

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150743

兽类学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 293-303.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150743

食物蛋白质含量对高原鼠兔免疫功能的影响

张璐¹^,², 吴学琴¹^,², 陈慧青¹^,², 董昕¹^,², 尚国珍¹^,³(), 吴雁⁴, 边疆晖¹^,³

^1.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所，高原适应与进化重点实验室，西宁 810001
^2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
^3.青海省动物生态基因组学重点实验室，西宁 810001
^4.杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院，杭州 310012

收稿日期:2022-10-25 接受日期:2023-02-06 出版日期:2023-05-31 发布日期:2023-05-18
通讯作者: 尚国珍
作者简介:张璐 (1998- )，女，硕士研究生，主要从事动物生理生态学研究；
吴学琴 (1995- )，女，博士研究生，主要从事动物生理生态学研究；
吴学琴 (1995- )，女，博士研究生，主要从事动物生理生态学研究；第一联系人： 共同第一作者
陈慧青 (1996- )，女，博士研究生，主要从事动物生理生态学研究.
基金资助:
青海省自然科学基金青年项目(2021-ZJ-945Q);国家自然科学基金(31870397);中国科学院A类先导专项(XDA2005010406);青海省人民政府中国科学院三江源国家公园联合专项(LHZX-2020-01)

Effects of dietary protein contents on the immune function of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae)

Lu ZHANG¹^,², Xueqin WU¹^,², Huiqing CHEN¹^,², Xin DONG¹^,², Guozhen SHANG¹^,³(), Yan WU⁴, Jianghui BIAN¹^,³

^1.Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
^2.University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
^3.Qinghai Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810001, China
^4.School of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310012, China

Received:2022-10-25 Accepted:2023-02-06 Online:2023-05-31 Published:2023-05-18
Contact: Guozhen SHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高原鼠兔 (Ochotona curzoniae) 不仅是青藏高原特有的小型植食性哺乳动物，也是高寒草地生态系统的关键物种，其种群数量随着过度放牧引起的草地退化而急剧增加。我们近期的研究发现，随着高寒草地退化，高原鼠兔的免疫力明显增强，推测可能与退化的高寒草地中丰富的高蛋白质食物资源有关。为了进一步验证上述推测，本研究在青海海北高寒草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站地区的重度退化草地中，选取6块70 m × 70 m的实验样地，通过添加蛋白质含量为20%和5%的兔颗粒饲料及不添加饲料处理，测定了高原鼠兔的粪便皮质醇 (Fecal cortisol metabolite, FCM) 含量、植物血凝素反应 (Phytohemagglutinin, PHA)、血清抗匙孔血蓝蛋白 (Keyhole limpet haemoeyanin, KLH) 的 IgG 水平含量和肠道寄生物感染状况，以验证丰富的高蛋白质食物资源可增加高原鼠兔的免疫力的假设。结果表明，添加20%蛋白质含量的饲料显著降低了高原鼠兔的FCM含量，显著增加了PHA反应和抗KLH的IgG含量，显著降低了球虫的感染率和绦虫的感染强度。该结果验证了上述假设，并认为在退化的高寒草地中，高蛋白质食物通过缓解高原鼠兔的应激―免疫―寄生物感染状况之间的恶性循环，从而促进高原鼠兔种群增长。

关键词: 食物粗蛋白质, 高原鼠兔 (Ochotona curzoniae), 免疫能力, 应激, 寄生物感染

Abstract:

The plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is not only a small herbivorous mammal unique to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but also a keystone species in the alpine grassland ecosystem. The population number of plateau pikas has increased dramatically with the degradation of grasslands caused by overgrazing. Our recent research has found that the immune system of plateau pikas was significantly enhanced as the alpine grassland degrades, and speculated it maybe related to the rich high-protein food resources in the degraded alpine grassland. To further validate this hypothesis, a field experiment was conducted in a highly degraded grassland of the Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem. The objective of this study is to verify the hypothesis that rich high-protein food resources could increase the immune system of plateau pikas. Six sample plots (70 m × 70 m) were randomized amongst three treatment groups: no supplementation (control); supplementation with rabbit chow with 5% protein; and supplementation with rabbit chow with 20% protein. We measured the fecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) levels, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response, IgG levels of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in serum, and intestinal parasitic infection status of plateau pikas. The results showed that supplementation with pelleted chow with 20% protein treatment significantly decreased the FCM levels of plateau pikas, significantly increased the PHA response and IgG levels against KLH, and significantly reduced the infection rate of coccidia and the infection intensity of cestodes. This result confirmed the above hypothesis and suggested that in degraded alpine grasslands, high-protein food can promote the growth of plateau pika populations by alleviating the vicious cycle between stress-immunity-parasitic infections.

Key words: Food protein, Ochotona curzoniae, Immunity, Stress, Parasitic infections

中图分类号:

Q494

张璐, 吴学琴, 陈慧青, 董昕, 尚国珍, 吴雁, 边疆晖. 食物蛋白质含量对高原鼠兔免疫功能的影响[J]. 兽类学报, 2023, 43(3): 293-303.

Lu ZHANG, Xueqin WU, Huiqing CHEN, Xin DONG, Guozhen SHANG, Yan WU, Jianghui BIAN. Effects of dietary protein contents on the immune function of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae)[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 43(3): 293-303.

图/表 4

图 1 添加不同蛋白质含量饲料处理下高原鼠兔粪便皮质醇含量. 不同小写字母表示同一诱捕期不同处理间差异显著 (P < 0.05)，“*”表示不同诱捕期之间存在差异显著 (P < 0.05). 3月，对照组、5%低蛋白质组和20%高蛋白质组皮质醇含量样本数分别为11、36、48；7月，样本数分别为23、84、110；数据表示为平均值 ± 标准误

Fig. 1 Cortisol content of plateau pika under the treatment of adding feeds with different protein content. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) between treatments in the consent trapping period, “*” indicates significant differences between trapping periods (P < 0.05), and in March, the sample sizes n = 11, 36, 48 for the control, 5% low protein groups, and 20% high protein groups, respectively; Correspondingly, n = 23, 84, 110 in July. Data were expressed as the mean ± SE

图 2 添加不同蛋白质含量饲料处理下高原鼠兔的PHA反应.不同小写字母表示同一诱捕期不同处理间差异显著 (P < 0.05)，“ns”表示不同诱捕期之间差异不显著 (P > 0.05). 3月，对照组、5%低蛋白质组和20%高蛋白质组PHA反应样本数分别为14、38、56；7月，样本数分别为31、80、78；数据表示为平均值 ± 标准误

Fig. 2 PHA responses of plateau pikas under the treatment with different protein content feeds. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments in the same trapping period (P < 0.05), and “ns”indicates non-significant differences between trapping periods (P > 0.05). In March, the sample sizes n = 14, 38, 56 for the control, 5% low protein groups, and 20% high protein groups, respectively; Correspondingly, n = 31, 80, 78 in July. Data were expressed as the mean ± SE

图 3 添加不同蛋白质含量饲料处理下高原鼠兔抗KLH 的IgG含量.不同大写字母表示不同处理间差异显著 (P < 0.05). 3月，对照组、5%低蛋白质组和20%高蛋白质组抗KLH 的IgG含量样本数分别为10、23、39；7月，样本数分别为13、52、59；数据表示为平均值 ± 标准误

Fig. 3 Anti-KLH IgG level of plateau pika under supplement different diets of protein content treatments. Different capital letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05).In March, the sample sizes n = 10, 23, 39 for the control, 5% low protein groups, and 20% high protein groups, respectively; Correspondingly, n = 13, 52, 59 in July. Data were expressed as the mean ± SE

图4 高原鼠兔肠道球虫感染率 (A) 和感染强度 (D)、绦虫感染率 (B) 及感染强度 (E) 和线虫感染率 (C) 及感染强度 (F). 不同大写字母表示不同处理间差异显著 (P < 0.05)，不同小写字母表示处理和时间的交互作用差异显著 (P < 0.05). 3月对照组、5%低蛋白质组和20%高蛋白质组寄生物感染强度样本数分别为8、36、63；5月样本数分别为13、59、78；7月样本数分别为26、98、124；9月样本数分别为25、83、102；数据表示为平均值 ± 标准误

Fig. 4 Prevalence (A) and intensity (D) of intestinal coccidia infection, prevalence (B) and intensity (E) of cestode infection, and prevalence (C) and intensity (F) of nematode infection in plateau pika. Different capital letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the interaction of treatment and time (P < 0.05). In March, the sample sizes n = 8, 36, 63 for the control group, 5% low protein group, and 20% high protein group, respectively; Correspondingly, n = 13, 59, 78 in May, n = 26, 98, 124 in July, and n = 25, 83, 102 in September. Data were expressed as the mean ± SE

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食物蛋白质含量对高原鼠兔免疫功能的影响

Effects of dietary protein contents on the immune function of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae)

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